PAGE2-課時提能練(四)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·新疆適應(yīng)性測試)Super-stormSandyslammedintotheeasternUnitedStatesthreeyearsago.Thewind-drivenwatercausedalotofflooding，especiallyintheregion'ssubwaysystem.Nowtwoteenshaveinventedadevicethatcouldhelppreventfuturesubwayfloods.InNewYorkCityalone，Super-stormSandycausedanestimated$19billionindamage.Muchoftheflood-watersenteredthesubwaysystemthroughitsventilationgrates(通風柵)．Thosemetalgrillsusuallylieatgroundlevel.Whenthesystemisshutdownaheadofaflood，engineerstrytocoverthosegrateswithplywood(膠合板)andsandbags.Butthefloodingoftenwashesawaythosemeasures，whichallowswatertoflowintothetunnels.Raisingthosegratesevenatinybitabovegroundlevelwouldcostalotofmoney.Otherideashaveincludedbuildingtallchimneysaroundtheholes.Thatwouldraisethegratesandcostalotofmoney，too.KyleandRaymondcameupwithadifferent，lessexpensiveidea.Theydesignedametalgratewithabuilt-in，adjustablecover.Whentrainsarerunning，onepartofthegrateslidesopentobringinfreshair.Butwhenthesystemisshutdown，thatpartcanbeslidshuttocompletelyblockthegrate.Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So，itwouldbesimple，theysay，toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.Theirdesignincludestamper-prooffeatures，whichcanpreventoperationmistakes.Theymakesurethatpeopledon'tintentionallyshutoffairflowduringnormalconditions.Forpeoplewiththeproperkey，itwouldonlytakeaminuteortwotoclosethegrateaheadofaflood.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講解并描述三年前超級風暴Sandy猛烈攻擊美國東部，造成了洪水災(zāi)難，當?shù)氐牡罔F被洪水沉沒。為防止地鐵再次被洪水沉沒，兩位少年獨創(chuàng)了一種裝置。1．What'sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thestepstooperategrates.B．Themeasurestopreventflood.C．Thefunctionofplywoodandsandbags.D．Thedisadvantageofpresentsubwaysystem.D[段落大意題。依據(jù)其次段第一句可知，據(jù)估計超級風暴Sandy僅在紐約市就造成了價值190億美元的損失。文章接下來分析了超級風暴造成的洪水沉沒地鐵的緣由：目前的地鐵系統(tǒng)存在很大的弊端。故本題選D。]2．Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesthetwoteens'newinvention?A．Costly. B．Time-saving.C．Practical. D．Conventional.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段第一、其次句“Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So，itwouldbesimple，theysay，toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.”他們運用的柵欄和現(xiàn)在運用的柵欄大小一樣，所以很簡潔就可以把舊的柵欄取出來，放入一個替換柵欄；再結(jié)合最終一段最終兩句可知，新的裝置操作起來也很便利。故選C。]3．What'sthepurposeofdesigningthetamper-prooffeature?A．Toreplacetheoldgratecorrectly.B．Toclosethegrateaheadofaflood.C．Toensureairflowinnormalconditions.D．Tostopthetrainspeedingupunexpectedly.C[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段第三、第四句可知，設(shè)計干預(yù)防護的特點可以阻擋操作失誤，有了干預(yù)防護，他們確保人們不會有意地在正常狀況下關(guān)掉空氣流通的功能，故本題選C。]4．Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?A．Anewsreport.B．Anadventurousstory.C．Anintroductiontonewequipment.D．Aguidebooktomakinggrates.A[文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講解并描述了兩位少年獨創(chuàng)了一種成本較低、好用的地鐵防洪裝置以及該裝置的特點和優(yōu)勢，應(yīng)當屬于新聞報道類文章，故選A。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2024·長沙測評)HowtoRetain(保存)MoreofEveryBookYouReadInrecentyears，Ihavefocusedonbuildinggoodreadinghabitsandlearnedhowtoreadmore.Formostpeople，thefinalgoalofreadinganonfictionbookistoactuallyimprovetheirlifebylearninganewskill，understandinganimportantproblem，orlookingattheworldinanewway.1Withthatinmind，I'dliketosharethreereadingcomprehensionskillsthatIusetomakemyreadingmoreproductive.1．Makeallofyournotessearchable.Havingsearchablebooknotesisimportantforreturningtoideaseasily.2Anideaisonlyusefulifyoucanfinditwhenyouneedit.Thereisnoneedtoleavethetaskofreadingcomprehensionmerelyuptoyourmemory.2．3Whenyougotothelibrary，allofthebookswillbedividedintodifferentcategories.Intherealworld，ofcourse，knowledgeisnotseparatedintoneatlydefinedboxes.4Forthatreason，ItrytoconsiderhowthebookI'mreadingisconnectedwithalloftheideasthatarealreadyinsidemyheadWheneverpossible，ItrytocombinethelessonsI'mlearningwithpreviousideas.3．Summarizethebookinoneparagraph.5Itforcesmetoreviewmynotesandconsiderwhatisreallyimportantaboutthebook.Inmanycases，IfindthatIcanusuallygetjustasmuchusefulinformationfromreadingmyone-paragraphsummaryandreviewingmynotesasIwouldifIreadtheentirebookagain.A．Combinethoughtsasyouread.B．Allknowledgeisinterconnected.C．Describethebooktoyourfriends.D．Readwidelyifyouwanttopracticetheskills.E．Itincreasesthechancesthatyouwillapplywhatyoureadinreallife.F．OnceIfinishabook，Ichallengemyselftosummarizethetextinjustthreesentences.G．It'simportanttoreadbooks，butitisjustasimportanttorememberwhatyoureadanduseit.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，分別從記筆記、邊閱讀邊思索以及歸納三方面說明如何提高閱讀效率。1．G[依據(jù)空前的內(nèi)容可知閱讀能改善人們的生活，再依據(jù)后面一句中的“tomakemyreadingmoreproductive”(使得閱讀更有效率)可知，G項“閱讀很重要，而記居處閱讀的東西并利用它同樣重要”符合語境。另外，后面Withthatinmind中的that指代G項內(nèi)容。]2．E[依據(jù)語境可知，有可查閱的讀書筆記對于輕松地回想起書中的思想很重要，這增加了你將讀到的東西運用到現(xiàn)實生活中的可能性。E項中的It指代Havingsearchablebooknotes。]3．A[依據(jù)此段的最終一句“Wheneverpossible，ItrytocombinethelessonsI'mlearningwithpreviousideas”可知，作者建議讀書的過程中要學會整合思想，故A項與此處匹配。]4．B[依據(jù)空前一句“Intherealworld，ofcourse，knowledgeisnotseparatedintoneatlydefinedboxes”可知，現(xiàn)實生活中，學問當然不是獨立地安放在各種整齊、清楚界定的箱子里，全部的學問都是交融的，故B項與此處匹配?？蘸蟮摹癱onnectedwith”也是示意。]5．F[依據(jù)本段標題句Summarizethebookinoneparagraph中的關(guān)鍵詞Summarize可知，F(xiàn)項中的“Ichallengemyselftosummarizethetextinjustthreesentences”與標題信息相吻合。]Ⅲ.語法填空(2024·安徽省重點中學模擬)World-famousphysicistStephenHawkinghasdiedattheageof76.Hedied1．(peaceful)athishomeinCambridgeintheearly2.(hour)ofWednesday.Hawkingwasknown3.thepublicforhisworkwithblackholesandrelativity，andwroteseveralpopularsciencebooksincludingABriefHistoryofTime.Attheageof22，Prof.Hawking4.(give)onlyafewyearstoliveafterdoctorsdeclaredthathesufferedfromararedisease.Theillnesslefthiminawheelchairandhewas5．(ability)tospeakexceptthroughavoicesynthesizer(合成器)．Prof.Hawkingwasthefirst6.(set)outatheoryofcosmology(宇宙學)explainedbyaunionofthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandquantummechanics.Healsodiscoveredthatblackholes7.(leak)energyandfadetonothing—aphenomenonthatwould8.(late)becomeknownasHawkingradiation.ThroughhisworkwithmathematicianSirRogerPenroseheprovedthatEinstein'sgeneraltheoryofrelativitysuggestsspaceandtimewouldhaveabeginningintheBigBangand9．endinblackholes.Inastatement，hischildrenpraisedhis“courageandpersistence”andsaidhis“brillianceandhumour”inspiredpeopleacrosstheworld.Theyadded，“Heoncesaid，‘Itwouldnotbemuchofauniverse10.itwasn'thometothepeopleyoulove.’Wewillmisshimforever.”【語篇解讀】斯蒂芬·霍金于2024年3月14日去世，享年76歲。本文簡潔介紹了霍金的生平。1．peacefully[考查副詞?？仗幮揎椫^語動詞died，故用副詞。]2．hours[考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。theearlyhours“凌晨時分”為固定用法，故填hour的復(fù)數(shù)形式。]3．to[考查介詞。beknownto...for...“因……而為……所知”為固定用法，故填介詞to。]4．wasgiven[考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。依據(jù)表示過去的時間狀語Attheageof22可知此處要用一般過去時；又因為Prof.Hawking與give是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。]5．unable[考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處要填形容詞；又此處表示“他不能說話”，故用able的反義詞unable。]6．toset[考查非謂語動詞?？仗幨欠侵^語動詞作后置定語，序數(shù)詞后一般用不定式作后置定語，故填toset。]7．leak[考查時態(tài)。雖然主句用了一般過去時，但賓語從句敘述的是客觀事實，故從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。]8．later[考查副詞。此處表示一個之后會作為霍金輻射而著名的現(xiàn)象，故填later。]9．a(chǎn)n[考查冠詞。前面的abeginning示意這里用anend，故填an。]10．if[考查狀語從句。依據(jù)語境可知，此處要用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表示“假如”。]Ⅳ.短文改錯(2024·河北五校聯(lián)考)AbigstormdestroyedtwovillagesinSouthAfricaonlastFriday，causing4death.Over200peoplebecamehomelessasaresultofthestorm.Afarmersaidthestormbeganearlyinthemorningandlastonehour.Hesaid，“Iwasinthekitchenwithmywifeandchildrenwhileweheardaloudnoise.Afewminuteslate，ourhousefelldown.Imanagedtoclimbout，butmuchtomyshocking，oneofmyboysweremissing.Iquicklywentbackinsideandfoun