ExaminationoftheEye

(眼科檢查法)1、History-taking(病史采集)：2、Theexaminationofvisualfunction(視功能檢查)：3、Examinationoftheglobeanditsaccessoryorgans(眼球及眼附屬器檢查)：Visualacuity(視力，即視銳度)Darkadaption（暗適應）Coloursensation(色覺)Visualfield(視野)Contrastsensitivity(對比敏感度)Visualelectro-physiology(視覺電生理)一、Visualacuity(視力，即視銳度)Thevisionindicatesvisualacuitydividedintofar,nearvision,thelatternormallymeansreadingone.1、theexaminationoffarvision:Naked/correctedvision:裸眼、矯正視力Pinholeglass:孔鏡Sphericalaberration:球面像差Fingercount:指數(shù)Handmovement:手動Lightperception:光感Light-seeking:光定位3、thetheoryofvisualacuity:Theresolvingpower:分辨力Visualangle:視角Theexaminationoffarvisionneedsabundantlightorartificialillumination,theexaminedisatadistanceof5mfromthechart,lettheline1.0beatthesameheightofexaminedeye.二、Darkadaption（暗適應）：Thresholdoflightirritation:光刺激閾Darkadaptationcurve:暗適應曲線Cone:視錐細胞Rod:視桿細胞Contrastmethod:對比法Darkadaptometer:暗適應計Retinalpigmenteddegeneration:視網(wǎng)膜色素變性三、Coloursensation(色覺)：四、Visualfield(視野)六、Visualelectro-physiology(視覺電生理)Electrooculogram,EOG:眼電圖Retinalpigmentedepithelium:視網(wǎng)膜色素上皮Photoreceptorcells:光感受器細胞Theretinalstaticpotential:視網(wǎng)膜靜息電位Electroretinogram,ERG:視網(wǎng)膜電圖Theretinalactivepotential:視網(wǎng)膜動作電位Includinga,b,cwavesandoscillatingpotentials:震蕩電位a:photoreceptorcells

光感受器細胞b:bipolarcells

雙極細胞c:pigmentedepithelium

色素上皮細胞

Examinationoftheglobeanditsaccessoryorgans(眼球及眼附屬器檢查)：Examinationofaccessoryorgansoftheeye:眼附屬器檢查Examinationofanteriorsegmentoftheeye:眼球前段檢查Examinationwithslit-lampmicroscope:裂隙燈顯微鏡檢查Gonioscope:前房角鏡檢查Tonometry:眼壓測量Examinationofthefundus:眼底檢查2、lacrimalapparatus:淚道lacrimalpuncta:淚點eversion:外翻occlusion:阻塞lacrimalsac:淚囊tenderness:壓痛fistula:瘺管Schirmer’stest:isperformedwith5x35mmfilterpaper,oneendisbentatthesiteof5mmandinsertedintotheconjunctivalsacattheinnerpartof1/3ofthelowereyelid,therestofthefilterpaperishangedontheskinsurfaceofthelacrimalgland:淚腺tearsecretion:淚液分泌stenosisorobstruction:堵塞Fluoresceinsodiumtest:熒光素鈉試驗Washingoflacrimalpassage:淚道沖洗3、conjunctiva:結膜palpebralconjunctiva:瞼結膜bulbarconjunctiva：球結膜fornicalconjunctiva:穹窿結膜transparent：透明congestion：充血papillaryhypertrophy:[p?'p?l?r?]

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乳頭肥大4、positionofglobe:眼球的位置palpebralfissure:瞼裂nystagmus:

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眼球震顫strabismus:[str?'b?zm?s]斜視Hertelexophthalmometertomeasuretheprotrusion:Hertel突眼計測量眼球突出度opacity：混濁、不透明stainingwithfluoresceinsodium:熒光素鈉染色/cornealepithelium:角膜上皮Thecornealcurvature:角膜彎曲度的檢查Placido’scornealdisk:Keratometer:角膜曲率計Cornealtopography:角膜地形圖Normal:正常/aregularandclearconcentricring:規(guī)則而清晰的同心圓Oval:橢圓形/regularatigmatism:規(guī)則散光Distortedshape:扭曲者/irregularatigmatism:不規(guī)則散光Pearshape:梨形/keratoconus圓錐角膜Placido’s板2、sclera:鞏膜nodule:結節(jié)/hyperemia:充血jaundice:黃染3、Anteriachamber:前房aqueoushumor:房水

hypopyon:前房積膿4、Iris:虹膜dipigmentation:脫色素atrophy:萎縮nodule:結節(jié)iridodialysis:虹膜根部離斷coloboma:缺損

5、Pupil：瞳孔retardative:遲鈍relativeafferentpupillarydefect,RAPD:相對性傳入性瞳孔障礙6、Lens:晶狀體todilatepupil:散瞳

三、Examinationwithslit-lampmicroscope:裂隙燈顯微鏡檢查Projectivesystemoflightsource:光源投射系統(tǒng)Opticalmagnifyingsystem:光學放大系統(tǒng)Diffuseillumination(彌散光線照明法)Itmaybeusedtoexaminethetissueofanteriorsegmentsuchasconjunctiva,cornea,scleraandothers.檢查前節(jié)組織：如，結膜，角膜，鞏膜等。Directillumination(直接照明法)Specularreflection(后部反光照明法):Indirectillumination(間接照明法）血粘度增高患者球結膜血管的“淤泥化現(xiàn)象”，可見顆粒狀血柱圓錐角膜并混濁色素KP羊脂狀KP淺前房Tyndall現(xiàn)象虹膜植入性囊腫虹膜新生血管晶狀體脫位核性晶狀體混濁繞核性晶狀體混濁正常玻璃體支架組織四、Gonioscope:前房角鏡檢查Angle-closureglaucoma:閉角型青光眼Angle-openglaucoma：開角型青光眼Direct/refractive(直接房角鏡/光線的折射)Indirect/reflective(間接房角鏡/光線的反射)Theanteriorchamberangle(前房角)Anteriorwalls：1、Schwalbe’sline:TheterminalofcornealDescemet’slayer:角膜后彈力層終止處Theboundarybetweenthecorneaandthetrabecula:角膜與小梁網(wǎng)的邊界2、trabecularnetwork:小梁網(wǎng)Alittleyellowbandstructure:Thecanalofschlemm:Drainageaqueoushumoroutflow:房水排出的通路3、scleralspur:鞏膜突Crypts:隱窩Posteriorwall:后壁Irisroot:虹膜根部Classification：分類Wideangle:寬角Narrowangle:窄角Grade1:

Eminenceindifferentdegreeattheirisperiphery,underdynamicconditiontheciliarybodymaybeseentobewiderorfrominvisibletobeseen.Grade2:

thescleralspurmaybeseenbutciliarybandindynamicobservation.Grade3:thescleralspurandtheposteriorpartofthetrabecularnetworkcan’tbeseenindynamicobservation,butdisplacementofthefocallinemaybeseen.Grade4:underdynamicobservation,apartfromschwalbe’sline,otheranglestructurescan’tbeseen,butdisplacementofthefocalline.五、Tonometry:眼壓測量Measurementbyfinger:指測法Measurementbytonometer:眼壓計測量法1、Measurementbyfinger:指測法Theborderoftheuppertarsus:上眼瞼Tn------normalIOPT+1----slightincreaseT+2----moderateincreaseT+3----veryhighIOPT-1-----softthannormalT-2