PAGEModule3BodyLanguageandNon-VerbalCommunicationeq\o(\s\up7(SectionⅡ),\s\do5())eq\o(\s\up7(OtherpartsoftheModule),\s\do5())Ⅰ.重點單詞1．religionn．宗教→religiousadj.宗教的2．hostn．主子→hostessn．女主子3．blankadj.空白的→blankn．空白4．panicv．恐慌；驚惶→panicn．恐慌；驚惶→panicked(過去式、過去分詞)恐慌；驚惶→panicking(現在分詞)恐慌；驚惶5．rudeadj.粗魯的，無禮的→rudelyadv.粗魯地，無禮地→rudenessn．粗魯6．invitationn．邀請→invitev．邀請7．requestn．懇求，要求→requestv．懇求，要求8．performancen．表演→performern．表演者→performv．表演9．applausen．掌聲→applaudv．鼓掌10．judgementn．推斷；看法→judgev．推斷11．equalityn．同等→equaladj.同等的→equalv．等于；與……相同12．socialadj.社會的→societyn．社會Ⅱ.重點短語1．stareat盯著看2．liftup舉起3．upanddown一上一下地4．byaccident偶然地5．sayhelloto向……問好6．switchon打開(燈、無線電等)7．incompetitionwith與……進行競賽8．touchsb.onthehead觸摸某人頭部9．goblank變得茫然10．berudeto對……粗魯1．bend(bent,bent)v．彎下腰；(使)彎曲Bendyourlegswhenyoupickupsomethingheavy.撿起重物時要屈腿。Thebranchesbentinthewind.樹枝被風吹彎了。圖解bend的一詞多義：Hebent(bend)hislegstodoexercise.2．wipevt.擦；抹；揩Hekeptonwipinghiseyeswiththebackofhishand.他老是用手背擦眼睛。Shetookaclothandwipeddownthekitchentable.她拿了一塊布把廚房桌面擦干凈。Wholevillageswerewipedoutbythefloods.多個村莊被洪水整個淹沒。wipe...down掃除；(用濕布)徹底揩擦干凈wipe...out徹底毀滅；抹去Theywipedouttheenemy.3．toastn．[C]/vt.祝酒；干杯Wemadeatoasttothebrideandgroom.我們向新娘和新郎敬酒。Theydrankatoasttothequeen.他們為女王干杯。Everyonestoodupandtoastedthewinner.每個人都站起來向獲勝者敬酒。drinkatoastto...為……干杯Let'sdrinkatoasttoyoursuccess.4．panicv．/n.[C，U]恐慌；驚惶Hestartedtopanicwhenhesawthegun.他望見槍就慌了起來。Thechildrenranawayinpanic.孩子們驚惶地逃走了。panic的過去式、過去分詞、現在分詞都要把c變為ck再加-ed或-ing。類似的可歸納如下：picnic(野餐)→picnicked,picnicked,picnickingtraffic(交易)→trafficked,trafficked,trafficking△規則：c后有e或i時，c的發音為[s]，為保持讀音不變而加k。getintoapanic陷入驚惶in(a)panic在恐慌中Hegotintoapaniconseeingthesnake.5．invitationn．[U]邀請；[C]請柬Thankyouforyourkindinvitation.感謝你的盛情邀請。Shetravelledtothecityattheinvitationofthemayor.她應市長邀請去了那座城市。Wehadthreeinvitationstoparties.我們收到了3封晚會請柬。attheinvitationofsb.應某人的邀請invitevt.邀請Hereceivedaninvitation(invite)totheparty.6．requestvt./n.[C]懇求；要求Irequestedhimtohelpme.我懇求他幫忙。Youcanrequestafreecopyoftheleaflet.你可以索要一份免費的宣揚單。Hewasthereattherequestofhismanager.他依據經理的要求到了那里。Theyhavemadeanurgentrequestforinternationalaid.他們緊急要求國際救濟。[熟詞]question→[詞根]quest(找尋；探求)→[生詞]requestv．/n.懇求，要求atsb.'srequest(＝attherequestofsb.)應某人的要求makearequest(forsth.)提出懇求(要某物)requestsb.(not)todosth.懇求某人(不要)做某事requeststh.from/ofsb.懇求某人做某事request只可接一個賓語，在requestthat...及Itisrequestedthat...結構中，從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動詞要用“(should＋)動詞原形”的形式。Itisrequestedthatthework(should)befinishedatonce.這項工作要求立即完成。Herequestedusto_finish(finish)theworkbeforenoon.7．favourn．[C]恩惠；善意的行為Couldyoudomeafavour?你可以幫我一個忙嗎？Whatyoudidisreallyabigfavourforme.你做的事真是幫了我的大忙。Iwouldneveraskforanyfavoursfromher.我再也不會請她幫任何忙了。dosb.afavour幫某人的忙askafavourofsb.＝asksb.afavour懇求某人幫忙infavourof支持，贊同inone'sfavour對某人有利Heisinfavouroftheproject.8．liveadj.現場的v．生活；居住Itwasn'tarecordedshow;itwaslive.這不是錄制的表演，而是現場直播。Theclubhaslivemusiconmostnights.這個俱樂部大多數晚上都有現場的音樂演奏。Thatyoungmanlivedasimplelife.那個年輕人過著樸實的生活。aliveadj.活著的；存在的livingadj.活著的9．judgementn．[U，C]推斷；看法SheshowedalackofjudgementwhenshegaveMarkthejob.她把這工作交給馬克表明她缺乏推斷力。Inmyjudgement,weshoulddoitatonce.我的看法是我們應當立即做這件事。inone'sjudgement按某人的看法Herjudgement(judge)isexact.1．Arayoflightwillnotbendroundthecornerswithoutthehelpofreflectingequipment.解析：句意：假如不借助反射裝置，一束光線將不會在拐角處彎折。bend“彎曲”。2．Therearestillmanypeoplesufferingalot,andwearetodosomethingtowipeoutpoverty.解析：句意：很多人仍舊在受苦，我們打算做些什么以消退貧困。wipeout“毀滅；掃除”。3．MrAnderson,ourmanager,suggestedwedrinkatoasttoournewcompany.解析：句意：我們的經理安德森先生提議為我們的新公司干杯。drinkatoastto...“為……干杯”。4．—Dad,thereisasnakeatthegatecrawlingthisway.—Don'tpanic,_boys;there'snodanger.解析：句意：“爸爸，門外有條蛇在爬。”“不要膽怯 ，孩子們，沒什么危急。”panic“恐慌；驚惶”，強調受驚嚇的程度之深，在此為不及物動詞。5．Igladlyacceptedtheirinvitationtoopentheparty.解析：句意：我開心地接受了他們的邀請，為晚會主持開幕式。invitation“邀請”。6．Studentsarerequestednotto_smoke(smoke)bothinandoutofschool.解析：句意：學生們被要求在校內外都不能吸煙。requestsb.(not)todosth.“要求某人(不要)做某事”，為固定搭配。7．Herequestedthatshe(should)_stop(stop)talking.解析：句意：他要求她停止講話。request后跟that從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句中謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”的形式。8．CanIaskyouafavour?Ican'tmanageitbymyself.解析：句意：你能幫我一個忙嗎？我自己處理不了這件事。asksb.afavour＝dosb.afavour，意為“懇求某人幫忙”，符合句意。9．Inordertohelppeopletoseetheperformanceatthesametime,theTVstationgavea(n)livebroadcast.解析：句意：為了幫助人們同步收看表演，電視臺進行了現場直播。live“現場的”。10．Iwon'tgiveyouanyadvice.Youmustuseyourownjudgement(judge)todecidewhetheryoushouldgothereornot.解析：句意：我不會給你任何建議。你必需依據自己的推斷來確定去不去。judgement“推斷”。1．stareat注視；盯著看Hestaredatthegirl,tryingtorememberwhoshewas.他盯著這個女孩，努力想記起她是誰。starevi.注視；盯著看Shewasstaringintothedistance.她注視著遠方。Hewasstaringoutoverthefields.他聚精會神地看著外面的田野。Hestaredattheceiling,unabletofallasleep.2．liftup舉起ThesuitcaseistooheavyandIcan'tliftitup.那個箱子太重了，我舉不起來。Hehurthisarmswhileliftingupaheavybox.他在舉起重箱子時弄傷了雙臂。holdup舉起，堵塞putup張貼cutup切碎comeup被提出turnup開大Tomissosmallthathecan'tliftupthebox.3．upanddown一上一下地；來來回回Thebabymonkeywasjumpingupanddown.那個小猴子在上躥下跳。Shelookedatmeupanddown.她上下端詳我。upanddown是用and連接兩個反義詞構成的短語。類似的短語還有：comeandgo來來往往toandfrom來來去去hereandthere到處；到處hideandseek捉迷藏nowandthen時常地dayandnight日日夜夜Hewalkedupanddowninhisroom.4．byaccident偶然地；意外地Imetanoldfriendbyaccidentatmyworkplaceyesterday.我昨天在工作的地方偶然遇到一位老摯友。Thediscoverywasmadealmostbyaccident.這幾乎是意外發覺的。bychance偶然地onpurpose有意地bydesign有意地bymistake錯誤地①Itookyourpenbymistake,foryourpenisalmostthesameasmine.②Hefoundthespecialplantinthewoodsbyaccident,whichmadehimveryhappy.5．goblank空白；變得茫然Suddenlythescreenwentblank.屏幕突然變成一片空白。Myheartbegantoraceandmymindwentblank.我心跳起先加快，腦子里一片空白。blankadj.空白的；茫然的n．[C]空白處Writeyournameintheblankspace.把你的名字寫在空白處。Itriedtotellherthetruth,butshejustgavemeablanklook.我想告知她真相，但她只是茫然地看著我。Fillintheblankswithproperwords.用合適的詞填空。Atthoseboringmeetings,peopleusuallysitstill,lookingblank,ordosomedrawingsonblankpaper.在那些無聊的會議上，人們通常紋絲不動地坐著，面無表情，或者在白紙上畫畫。Onseeingthebadresult,hismindwentblank.6．berudeto對……粗魯Hewaspunishedbecausehewasrudetohisteacher.他因對老師無禮而被懲罰。Don'tbesorudetoyourparents!別對你的父母這么沒禮貌！it'srudeofsb.todosth.某人做某事是粗魯的bekindtosb.對某人熱心betruetosb.對某人真誠bepolitetosb.對某人禮貌berespectfultosb.對某人敬重befriendlytosb.對某人友好begoodtosb.對某人好Don'tberudetoyourteacher.7．sayhello/hito向……問好Sayhello/hitoyourmomanddad.代我向你的爸爸媽媽問好。Aboyjustcalledtosayhellotoyou.一個男孩剛打電話來向你問好。saygoodbyeto向……道別saynoto拒絕……saysorryto向……致歉Hesaidsorrytohisfather.1．Heisrudetohisuncle,sohisfathersaid,“It'srudeofyoutodolikethat.”解析：句意：他對叔叔很粗魯，因此他父親說：“你那樣做是不禮貌的。”berudetosb.“對某人粗魯”；Itisrudeofsb.todosth.“某人做某事是粗魯的”。2．Itisagoodmannertosayhellototeacherswhenyoumeetthem.解析：句意：遇見老師時向他們問好是禮貌之舉。sayhellotosb.“向某人問好”。3．Liftupthosebooksandbringmethepaperunderthem.解析：句意：搬起那些書，把下面的紙遞給我。liftup“舉起”。4．Look!Thelovelydogisjumpingup_and_downtoshowitsspecialskills.解析：句意：看！這只可愛的小狗正在上躥下跳展示它的特別技能。upanddown“一上一下地”，作狀語。5．Myfatherwalkedupanddownintheroom,asifhewasthinkingoversomething.解析：句意：父親在房間里走來走去，似乎在想事情。upanddown“來來回回”。6．Thelittlegirlstaredatthelittlecatsleepinginthebasket.解析：句意：小女孩注視著在籃子里睡覺的小貓。stareat“注視；盯著看”，為固定搭配。7．Wemetbyaccidentandwehavebeengoodfriendssincethen.解析：句意：我們是偶然相遇的，從那時起，我們就成了好摯友。byaccident“偶然地；意外地”。8．Whenapolicemanstoodbeforehim,hefelthismindwentblank.解析：句意：當一個警察站在他面前時，他感到大腦一片空白。goblank“空白；變得茫然”。1．InFranceyoushouldshakehandseverytimeyousayhelloandgoodbye.在法國，每次你打招呼或說再見時都應握手。句中everytime＝whenever，作連詞用，后接句子，引導時間狀語從句。英語中很多含有time的短語都可作連詞，引導時間狀語從句。類似everytime的短語包括：nexttime，lasttime，thefirsttime，bythetime等。除此之外，theminute，themoment，theday，theyear等都可以這樣用。EverytimeIsawtheteacherstandingnearme,Ifeltnervous.每次看到老師站在我旁邊，我都會驚惶。I'lltellyouaboutitthemomentyoucome.你一來我就告知你這件事。ThefirsttimeIsawyou,youwerejustakid.我第一次望見你時，你還是個小孩。Bythetimetheplanelandedsuccessfully,Ihadbeenwaitingattheairportfor3hours.到飛機勝利著陸為止，我已在機場等了三個小時了。Everytimehegoes(go)totheshop,he'llbuysomewine.2．Thetheatrewaslarge—itcouldhold14,000people,halftheadultmalepopulationofthecity，whichmeantthattheaudiencecouldmakealotofnoise.劇院很大——能容納14000人，占這個城市成年男性人口的一半，這也就意味著觀眾能制造響徹云霄的噪聲。whichmeant...為非限制性定語從句，which代替前面整句話的內容。Hedidn'tpasstheexam,whichmademesad.他沒有通過考試，這使我難受。as與which兩者都可引導非限制性定語從句，指代主句或主句的一部分內容，有時可以互換，但as位置敏捷，而which只能置于主句之后。as常用于ashasbeensaid，asiswellknown，asoftenhappens，asweallknow，aswecansee，asweexpect等結構中，可以譯為“正如”，而which不能；但當從句的謂語動詞是否定形式或類似一個復合結構時，一般用which而不用as。Hekilledmydog,whichmademesad.3．Butsomeoccasionsonwhichpeopleclapchangefromonecountrytoanother.但人們鼓掌的場合隨國家不同而不同。onwhich引導定語從句，相當于where，但意義更精確。“介詞＋which”引導定語從句時，which不能換成that，若先行詞是人，可換成whom。which在定語從句中充當介詞賓語，一般將介詞置于關系代詞之前(固定的動詞詞組除外)。Thereisaroom,thewindowofwhichfacestheriver.有一間房子，窗戶朝著這條河。Thewrongyouhavedonehimisterrible,forwhichyoushouldmakeanapologytohim.你太冤枉他了，你該就此向他致歉。occasion，condition與situation①occasion意為“時機；場合”，與on搭配。Peoplegetformallydressedontheweddingoccasion.在婚禮場合，人們穿著非常正式。②condition意為“狀況；狀況”，多用復數。condition和on搭配時可譯為“條件”。Economicconditionswerebad.經濟狀況不佳。③situation意為“境況；形勢；局面”，多與in搭配；接定語從句時，situation運用where(＝inwhich)引導；而occasion運用when(＝onwhich)引導。Hewasinahopelesssituation.他處于無望境地。Canyouimagineasituationwhere/inwhichthewordcanbeused?你能想到一種可以運用該詞的情景嗎？Therewasanoccasiononwhichhelosthistemper.1．Shegivesmeasweetsmileeverytimesheseesme.解析：everytime可作連詞用，連接兩個句子。2．Thereisnosimpleanswer,asisoftenthecaseinscience.解析：asisoftenthecase狀況常常如此。3．Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,whichisannouncedintoday'snewspaper.解析：which引導非限制性定語從句，用來代替上文。4．Pleasepayattentiontotheoccasionwhen/on_whichyoudeliverthespeec