第二部分語法考點突破板塊一詞形的變換第1講名詞和數詞題型高考典題命題角度語法填空1．(2023·全國甲卷)Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures，andthewell-knownAesop'sfablesdatetothe_____(six)centuryB.C.2．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive___________(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists．3．(2021·全國甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours，butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand_____________(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines．4．(2020·浙江7月卷)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe_______(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields．5．(2020·浙江1月卷)ForJapan，the________(number)aremorestriking—22in1950，46todayand53in2050．1．給出名詞的單數形式，考查其復數形式；2．給出數詞的基數詞形式，考查其序數詞形式。sixthinterviewswatchtowersseasonsnumbers考點一名詞的數變化規則例子一般情況加-smap→maps；girl→girls；house→houses以-th結尾的，加-smonth→months；truth→truths以-s，-x，-sh，-ch結尾的，加-esclass→classes；box→boxes；brush→brushes；match→matches注意：stomach(胃)的復數是stomachs；ox(公牛)的復數是oxen1．名詞單數變復數的規則變化變化規則例子以“輔音字母＋y”結尾的，變y為i再加-escity→cities；country→countries；party→parties；factory→factories注意：以“元音字母＋y”結尾的則直接加-s，如boy→boys；toy→toys以“輔音字母＋o”結尾的，一般加-estomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes；hero→heroes注意：1．少數名詞加-s或-es均可，如volcano→volcano(e)s；mosquito→mosquito(e)s；mango→mango(e)s2．少數名詞只加-s，如piano→pianos；photo→photos變化規則例子以“元音字母＋o”結尾的，加-sradio→radios；zoo→zoos；bamboo→bamboos以-f，-fe結尾的，通常變f或fe為v，再加-eshalf→halves；leaf→leaves；shelf→shelves；thief→thieves；wolf→wolves；wife→wives；life→lives；knife→knives注意：1．也有的直接加-s，如roof→roofs；chief→chiefs2．還存在有兩種復數形式的，如handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves變化規則例子合成名詞變復數時，通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變成復數，如果沒有主體名詞，則將最后一部分變成復數son-in-law→sons-in-lawpasser-by→passers-bystoryteller→storytellersgo-between→go-betweensgrown-up→grown-ups變化規則例子特殊變化child→children；foot→feet；tooth→teeth；mouse→mice；man→men；woman→women注意：由man或woman構成的合成詞，其復數形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman→twoEnglishmen；但German不是合成詞，故復數形式為Germans有些名詞的單復數有不同的拼寫方法細菌bacterium(單數)→bacteria(復數)；資料、數據datum(單數)→data(復數)；現象phenomenon(單數)→phenomena(復數)2．名詞單數變復數的不規則變化1．The______(piano)intheothershopwillbecheaper，buttheyarenotasgood．2．Thehotelhasbeenorderedtoclosebecauseitisoverrunby_____(mouse)andrats．3．Herehesat，withhispipebetweenhis_____(tooth)andbothhandsrestingonhisknees．4．Policewerereportedtohaveseizedall______(copy)ofthismorning'seditionofthenewspaper．5．Thepaperwasusedforsealingupholesinwallsand_____(roof)inthecoldandfreezingwinter．pianosmiceteethcopiesroofs6．Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthat_______(wolf)wouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets．7．Ispenttenminuteswalkingupanddownthehighstreet，desperatelyavoidingeyecontactwith___________(passer-by)．8．Thesystemreflectstheseasonalcharacteristicsofannualnatural_________(phenomenon)andfarmingactivities．9．Ananthastwo________(stomach)，ofwhichoneholdsthefoodforitselfandtheotherisforfoodtobegiventootherants．10．Viewerssaiditwasnotthefilmitselfthatmovedpeople，butthe______(hero)ofthewaryearswhofoughtforourcountryandpeople．wolvespassers--byphenomenastomachsheroes考點二名詞的所有格變化規則例子有生命的名詞，其所有格一般在名詞后加-'s。hisfather'sboss他爸爸的老板表示時間、城市、地域、團體、機構等無生命的名詞后可加-'s。today'spaper今天的報紙England'sshore英國的海岸thecar'sdesign這輛車的設計變化規則例子在某些習慣用語中，名詞要加-'s。astone'sthrow近在咫尺keepsb.atarm'slength與某人保持距離；不親近某人beatone'swits'end黔驢技窮如果一樣東西為兩個人共有，則只在后一個名詞后加-'s，如果不是共有的則兩個名詞后都要加-'s。JaneandMary'smother簡和瑪麗的媽媽(共有，暗示簡和瑪麗是姐妹關系)Jane'sandMary'smothers簡的媽媽和瑪麗的媽媽(不是共有，分別指兩位媽媽)變化規則例子雙重所有格：“a/two/some...＋名詞＋of＋名詞's”構成雙重所有格，“of＋名詞所有格”中的名詞必須表示人。afriendofhermother's她媽媽的一個朋友twophotosofMary's瑪麗的兩張照片表示店鋪或某人的家時，名詞所有格之后的shop，house，home等詞常省略。atthedoctor's(office)在診所里atthebarber's(shop)在理發店atMrGreen's(house)在格林先生家1．Tomgoestothe________(barber)tohavehishaircuteverythirdweek．2．“________(today)storyisaboutthesuccessofapoorchild，”theteachersaid．3．Thearticleconcludesthat________(parents)educationaffectstheirchildren'sfuture．4．Aftera_________(moment)hesitation，theyoungmanreachedouthishandtogreetthestranger．5．Studiesshowthata_______(child)characterisgreatlyinfluencedbyhis/herhomeenvironment．barber'sToday'sparents'moment'schild's6．It'saboutan______(hour)drivefromourschooltothecitycentre，butittakesmoretimeatweekends．7．Sunlightpassesthroughtheatmosphereandthenreflectsoffthe_______(earth)surfaceintheformofheat．8．We'dbetterstayinahotelthatisjusta_______(stone)throwawayfromtherailwaystationforthesakeofconvenience．hour'searth'sstone's1．基數詞變序數詞的規則考點三數詞——基數詞和序數詞一、二、三one→first，two→second，three→third從四起加-thfour→fourth，five→fifth...eight少個teight→eighthnine刪除enine→ninth-ve用f代替five→fifth，twelve→twelfth-ty變成tietwenty→twentieth2．分數/倍數分子用基數詞，分母用序數詞1/3：onethird分子大于1，分母用復數2/5：twofifths兩倍，兩次；三倍，三次twice；threetimes1．Saturnisthe______(two)biggestplanetinthesolarsystem．2．It'sreportedthat_________(thousand)ofantelopesarekilledfortheirfureachyear．3．Ifaregularbuscanholddozensofpeople，imaginewhatabus______(two)thesizecanh