PAGE2-Module6AnimalsinDangerSectionⅡGrammar——復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句[語(yǔ)法圖解][課文原句感知]①OnafreezingcolddayinJanuary1994,JiesangSuonandajiefoundwhathewaslookingfor—agroupofpoacherswhowerekillingtheendangeredTibetanantelope.②InthebattlewhichfollowedJiesangwasshotandkilled.③Oftenworkingatnight,thepoachersshootwholeherdsofantelopesatatime，leavingonlythebabies,whosewoolisnotworthsomuch.④TheanimalsareskinnedonthespotandthewooltakentoIndia,whereitismadeintotheshawls.⑤Sometimesthereweregunfights,liketheoneinwhichJiesangSuonandajiewaskilled.[語(yǔ)法領(lǐng)悟](1)句①、句②和句⑤為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞分別在句中作主語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。(2)句③和句④為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞分別在句中作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。(3)句②中的關(guān)系詞which可以用that代替。(4)句④中的關(guān)系詞where可以用in_which代替。一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1．引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的常用關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中的作用who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whose人或物定語(yǔ)as人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)Themanwho/thatissittinginthefrontrowisourEnglishteacher.坐在前排的那位男士是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。Heisthemanwhom/who/thatyouarelookingfor.他就是你正在找的那個(gè)人。Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火車站旁邊的那座大樓是一家超市。Helivesinabighousewhosewindowfacesthesea.他住在一座窗戶朝向大海的大房子里。Suchpeopleashavemadeacontributiontotheworldshouldberespected.那些對(duì)世界做出貢獻(xiàn)的人應(yīng)受到敬重。Inthelastexam，hemadethesamemistakeasyoumade.在上次考試中，他犯了一個(gè)與你相同的錯(cuò)誤。Thisisthesmallestcomputerthatcanbefoundintheworldnow.這是目前發(fā)覺(jué)的世界上最小的計(jì)算機(jī)。Iboughtagreatmanybooks，onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我買了許多書(shū)，這些書(shū)花了我積攢的全部的錢。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)關(guān)系代詞who，whom，which，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略；但介詞提前時(shí)不能省略，也不能用that。(2)as用在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，先行詞必需有such，so，as或thesame等修飾，且as在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略。2．關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法區(qū)分[即學(xué)即練1]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thosepeoplewho/whom/thatthebossinterviewedareapplicantsforthejob.②Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.③October1,1949isthedaythat/whichwe'llneverforget.④HeistheverypersonthatIwanttotalkto.⑤Theyweretalkingaboutpersonsandthingsthattheyremembered.⑥Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Theywillneverforgetthedaywhen(＝onwhich)theyjoinedtheparty.他們恒久不會(huì)遺忘參與聚會(huì)的那一天。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswhere(＝inwhich)theycangainexperienceforgrowth.學(xué)生們應(yīng)當(dāng)參與社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，在這些活動(dòng)中他們可以獲得成長(zhǎng)的閱歷。Hedidn'tknowthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)hewasdismissed.他不知道他為什么被解雇了。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)當(dāng)先行詞為時(shí)間名詞、地點(diǎn)名詞或reason時(shí)，若先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，則分別用when，where或why；若先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用that或which。(2)當(dāng)先行詞是way時(shí)，若way在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，則從句用inwhich或that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)詞也可省略。若way在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，則用which或that引導(dǎo)該從句，其中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，which/that也可省略。[即學(xué)即練2]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Idon'tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,whenIwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.②CanyoushowmeacasewherethisphraseisoftenmisusedbyChinesestudents,MrBrown?③Thereasonwhyhewasfiredwasnotknowntous.三、定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的選用方法一：用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。假如是及物動(dòng)詞，就要用關(guān)系代詞；假如是不及物動(dòng)詞，則要用關(guān)系副詞。方法二：精確推斷關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所作的成分(主、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞(who，whom，that，which，whose)；關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞(where作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why作緣由狀語(yǔ))。Theletterthat/whichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.昨天我收到的那封信是我父親寄來(lái)的。ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.這是我去年待過(guò)的山村。[即學(xué)即練3]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Wewillbeshownaroundsomeplacesthatvisitorsseldomgoto.②Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwecanremember.③IwillneverforgetthoseyearswhenIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers.④Therecomesatimewhenchildrenneedtolearnmoreaboutfirstaid.四、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定方法：方法一：依據(jù)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或主要的形容詞確定介詞。方法二：依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞確定介詞。方法三：依據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思確定介詞。2．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句留意事項(xiàng)：(1)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞通常用which或whom，不用that。(2)關(guān)系副詞where，when，why可替換成“介詞＋which”，介詞取決于先行詞及“介詞＋which”在從句中的作用。why只可替換成forwhich。(3)“不定代詞或數(shù)詞＋介詞＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明整體中的部分。(4)“the＋名詞＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋the＋名詞”；可替換成“whose＋名詞”，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.那個(gè)窮人沒(méi)房子住。I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.我恒久也忘不了我參軍的那一天。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.＝ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.這就是兩年前我居住的那個(gè)房子。Lastweek，onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse，neitherofwhomwantedtobuyit.上周只有兩個(gè)人來(lái)看房子，他們兩個(gè)人都不想買。Thehousethewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows/whosewindowsweredamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.窗子遭破壞的那所房子現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)修好了。[即學(xué)即練4](1)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空①Air,withoutwhichmancan'tlive,isreallyimportant.②Thewitnesstowhomthepolicemenreferredwaskilled.③Idon'tknowthereasonforwhichhewaslateforschool.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換④I'mverygratefultoMrZhang.Icouldn'thavebeenadmittedtoakeyuniversitywithouthisencouragement.→I'mverygratefultoMrZhang,withoutwhoseencouragementIcouldn'thavebeenadmittedtoakeyuniversity.⑤ImadefriendswithSusanandAliceinthatschool.SusanandAlicewereinterestedinastronomy.→ImadefriendswithSusanandAliceinthatschool,bothofwhomwereinterestedinastronomy.⑥HavethepolicefoundMrsWhite?ThegoldringbelongstoMrsWhite.→HavethepolicefoundMrsWhitetowhomthegoldringbelongs?⑦AnnepaidavisittoMrYang.ShecameacrossoneofheruniversityclassmatesinMrYang'soffice.→AnnepaidavisittoMrYang,inwhoseofficeshecameacrossoneofheruniversityclassmates.五、限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1．限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分：Heisthemanwhocametoseeyouyesterday.他是昨天來(lái)看你的那個(gè)人。Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,whichastonishedus.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲了，這讓我們很驚訝。2．a(chǎn)s/which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分：Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultohealth.我們都知道，吸煙有害健康。Hefinishedthetaskaheadoftime,whichisveryimportanttous.他提前完成了任務(wù)，這對(duì)我們很重要。3．非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的識(shí)別：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，并且不能加入and，but，so等連接詞。并列句一般由and，but，or等詞連接。Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows，mostofwhichhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.＝Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,andmostofthemhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.[即學(xué)即練5]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Hesuddenlyfellill,whichpreventedhimfromgoingtoschool.②WhereisthedictionarywhichIboughtyesterday?③TheGreatWallisoneofthebuildingsthatChinesepeopleareproudof.④YesterdayImetMary,wholookedverytired.⑤Hehastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.⑥Hehastwosons,andbothofthemaredoctors.⑦Asisreportedinthenewspapers，talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.⑧Mymotheralwaystreatsmelikeababy,whichIcan'tbear.⑨Iwanttodoitinthesamewayasyoudid.鏈接高考——單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2024·江蘇)Self-drivingisanareawhereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.2．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2024that/whichshowedamere5to10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.3．(2024·浙江)Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheir