中考英語重要考點——動名詞（Gerund）講義及練習Gerund什么是動名詞動名詞是動詞的另一種非謂語動詞形式。動名詞看起來和現在分詞完全一樣，但是理解兩者的區別是很有用的。動名詞的功能總是和名詞一樣(雖然看起來像動詞)。動名詞的用法Thegerundasthesubjectofthesentence作主語動名詞短語作主語，屬于單數概念ExamplesEatingpeopleiswrong.吃人是錯誤的Huntingtigersisdangerous.獵殺老虎是危險的Flyingmakesmenervous.飛行讓我緊張Brushingyourteethisimportant.刷牙很重要。Smokingcauseslungcancer.吸煙會導致肺癌。Thegerundasthecomplementoftheverb'tobe'動名詞作為動詞“tobe”的表語ExamplesOneofhisdutiesisattendingmeetings.他的職責之一是參加會議。ThehardestthingaboutlearningEnglishisunderstandingthegerund.學習英語中最難的部分是理解動名詞。Oneoflife'spleasuresishavingbreakfastinbed.人生的一大樂趣就是在床上吃早餐。Thegerundafterprepositions介詞后的動名詞當介詞后面跟有動詞時，必須使用動名詞。一些以介詞結尾的短語也是如此，例如“inspiteof（盡管）”和“there'snopointin（做……沒有意義）”。ExamplesCanyousneezewithoutopeningyourmouth?你能不張嘴就打噴嚏嗎？Sheisgoodatpainting.她擅長畫畫Sheavoidedhimbywalkingontheoppositesideoftheroad.她為了避免碰到他，特意走在了馬路的另一邊。WearrivedinMadridafterdrivingallnight.我們開了一整夜車后抵達了馬德里。MyfatherdecidedagainstpostponinghistriptoHungary.我父親決定不推遲去匈牙利的旅行。There'snopointinwaiting.等下去沒有意義。Inspiteofmissingthetrain,wearrivedontime.盡管錯過了火車，我們還是準時到達了。Thegerundafterphrasalverbs短語動詞后的動名詞Phrasalverbsarecomposedofaverb+prepositionoradverb.動詞加上介詞或副詞組成的短語動詞ExamplesWhenwillyougiveupsmoking?Shealwaysputsoffgoingtothedentist.Hekeptonaskingformoney.JimendedupbuyinganewTVafterhisoldonebroke.有一些短語動詞中包含作為介詞的“to”，例如“lookforwardto（期待）”，“taketo（帶到……去）”，“beaccustomedto（習慣于）”，“getaroundto（騰出時間做）”，“beusedto（習慣于）”。在這些情況下，重要的是要認識到“to”是一個介詞，因為它后面必須跟動名詞。它不是動詞不定式的一部分。你可以檢查“to”是介詞還是不定式的一部分。如果你能在“to”后面加上代詞“it”并形成一個有意義的句子，那么“to”就是介詞，后面必須跟動名詞。ExamplesIlookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.我期待盡快收到你的來信Ilookforwardtoit.Iamusedtowaitingforbuses.我已經習慣了等公交車。Iamusedtoit.Shedidn'treallytaketostudyingEnglish.她真的不喜歡學英語。Shedidn'treallytaketoit.Whenwillyougetaroundtomowingthegrass?你什么時候會騰出時間來修剪草坪？Whenwillyougetaroundtoit?Thegerundincompoundnouns復合名詞中的動名詞復合名詞中的動名詞，其意義顯然是名詞性的，而不是表示持續進行的動詞。例如，“swimmingpool”（游泳池）指的是用于游泳的池子，而不是正在游泳的池子。ExamplesIamgivingSallyadrivinglesson.我正在給薩莉上駕駛課。Theyhaveaswimmingpoolintheirbackyard.他們后院有一個游泳池。Iboughtsomenewrunningshoes.我買了一些新的跑鞋。Thegerundaftersomeexpressions在某些固定表達之后的動名詞Thegerundisnecessaryaftertheexpressionscan'thelp,can'tstand,tobeworth,&it'snouse.在表示“can'thelp忍不住;無法控制”、“can'tstand受不了”、“tobeworth值得”、“it'snouse沒用”之后，必須用動名詞是必要的。ExamplesShecouldn'thelpfallinginlovewithhim.她情不自禁地愛上了他Ican'tstandbeingstuckintrafficjams.我受不了被堵在交通擁堵中。It'snousetryingtoescape.試圖逃跑是沒有用的。Itmightbeworthphoningthestationtocheckthetimeofthetrain.打電話到車站確認一下火車的時間可能值得。練習Fillintheblankswithgerundorinfinitiveformsofthegivenverbs.用給定動詞的動名詞（gerund）或不定式（infinitive）形式完成句子。1.Mysisterdoesn'twanttocomewithusbecauseshehates(do)windsurfing.doing2.Thebabykeepscrying.Doeshisfathermind(take)careofhimabit.3.Jennyhasproblemswithhermotherinlaw.Asfarasitseems,sheistiredof(fight)withher.4.TwostudentsappliedfortheDoctorateprogramandtheylookforwardto(have)apositivereplyfromtheuniversity.5.Afterhearinganoise,Kenturnedthelightson(see)everythingclearly.6.Expertssaythatitisprettydangerous(do)bungeejumping.7.EventhoughBrianhasmanygoodfriends,hesometimesenjoys(be)alone.8.Harry'swifeisfedupwith(clean)thehouseonherown.JerryandLoydenjoyed(play)videogames.10.Foreignstudentssignedupforalanguagecourse(learn)English.tolearn11.Athree-year-oldchildmanages(draw)circles,linesandevensquares.12.Childrenenjoy(do)anactivitymoreiftheydoitinagroup.13.Samestudentstend(cheat)inexamsifthereisnoonetosupervise.14.Youshouldavoid(argue)witheverybody.15.Judiclaims(be)thetopstudentinherclass.16.IhavestudiedashardasIcould,soIexpect(pass)thisexam.17.Myfathergaveup(smoke)ayearago.18.Theteacherrefused(give)anyfurthercluesaboutthequestion.19.Thestudentdenied(break)thewindow.20.Shedecided(move)innextdoor.21.GrammarBankisoneofthebestwebsites(practice)Englishgrammar.22.Aliciaenjoys(watch)soapoperasontelevision.23.Sherefuses(listen)toherfather.24.Studentswant(get)goodgrades.25.Manydriversavoid(drive)intraffic.26.Doyoufeellike(eat)ahamburger?27.Ican'timagine(jump)outofaflyingjet.28.Thepresidentwishes(end)thewar.29.Iwouldlove(see)thatmovie.Iheardit'sreallygood.30.Mrs.Rogalaisareallygoodteacher.Shealwaysoffers(help)herstudents.參考答案1.doing2.taking3.fighting4.having5.tosee6.to