北京市第一0一中學2024-2025學年度統練4高三英語2024-10-15第一部分：知識運用(共兩節，30分)第一節完形填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Olivia,9,wasshyatfirst.She’dneverbeenonahorsebefore.Sowhenshewasaskedtofeedcarrotstothereddish-brownhorsenamedCharlieonasummerSaturday,sheapproached____1____,unsureofherselfattimes,turningaroundtoagroupofchildrenwaitingfortheirturntofeedhim.Oliviaeventuallymadeittothehorse’smouthandCharlielicked(舔)herhandsasshe____2____himhisfavoritetreat.Oliviawasamused.“That’swhatIcalla(an)____3____,”saidSabrina,asocialworkerwhohasteamedupwiththecommunityorganizationAlkebu-lanVillagetohelpchildrenovercometheirproblemsandkeepthemonpathsto____4____.“I’mexcited,”Oliviasaidsmiling.“Ilovepettinghim.”Theprogram“StopHorsingAround”atAlkebu-lanVillagewaslaunchedthissummerwithoveradozenkidssigningup.Theyweretaughthowtoapproach,feed,brush,andmountthehorses____5____eventuallytheygotachancetoridethem.By____6____theprogram’shorseswithSabrina’shelpandforming____7____withthem,childrenbecomemoreself-awareandthenbegintorecognizeandfacenegativefeelingsandbehaviors,whichcanhelpthemcommunicatewithothersandleadtosignificantpositivechangestotheir____8____skills,self-worthandbehaviorissues.SabrinafirsttaughtthechildrenthatCharlieneededtobecome____9____withthembysmellingtheirhands.OnceCharliewascomfortable,thekidslearnedhowtopethisfaceandhead,andthenhowtousetheleadrope,cleanupCharlie’smesses,andfeedhimcarrots.Oliviawasn’ttheonlykidwhowasnervousandshyatthebeginning.ButultimatelyOliviaalsowasn’ttheonlykidtoleavemoreconfident.Their____10____consistentlyturnedintosmiles,laughterandexcitement.1.A.happily B.calmly C.slowly D.directly2.A.fed B.left C.made D.threw3.A.award B.exchange C.negotiation D.breakthrough4.A.fame B.success C.responsibility D.freedom5.A.before B.after C.as D.though6.A.takingover B.walkingwith C.caringfor D.respondingto7.A.routines B.bonds C.judgements D.ideas8.A.technical B.survival C.organizational D.social9.A.popular B.familiar C.satisfied D.patient10.A.resistance B.disappointment C.misunderstanding D.hesitation【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B5.A6.C7.B8.D9.B10.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文介紹了一個項目，旨在讓那些害羞的孩子通過與馬建立聯系，逐漸變得自信開朗。【1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，當她在一個夏天的周六被要求喂紅褐色的馬查理胡蘿卜時，她慢慢地走近，有時不自信，轉向一群等著喂它的孩子。A.happily高興地；B.calmly平靜地；C.slowly緩慢地；D.directly直接地。根據第一段第一句“Olivia,9,wasshyatfirst.She’dneverbeenonahorsebefore.(9歲的奧利維亞一開始很害羞。她以前從未騎過馬。)”可知她很害羞，所以當她被要求喂馬時，她應該是緩慢地靠近。故選C項。【2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：奧利維亞最終把胡蘿卜放到了馬口，查理舔了舔她的手，她喂了他最喜歡的食物。A.fed喂；B.left離開；C.made做；D.threw扔。通過上文可知她不敢喂馬到最終把食物喂到了馬的嘴里。當她把食物喂到馬的嘴里時，查理舔了舔她的手。故選A項。3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“這就是我所說的突破，”薩布麗娜說，她是一名社會工作者，與社區組織阿爾克布蘭村合作，幫助孩子們克服他們的問題，讓他們走上成功的道路。A.award獎項；B.exchange交流；C.negotiation談判；D.breakthrough突破。根據上文Oliver由開始的害羞不敢喂馬，到最后把食物喂到馬的嘴里，這是一種突破。故選D項。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“就是我所說的突破，”薩布麗娜說，她是一名社會工作者，與社區組織阿爾克布蘭村合作，幫助孩子們克服他們的問題，讓他們走上成功的道路。A.fame名聲；B.success成功；C.responsibility責任；D.freedom自由。這個項目是幫助孩子突破自我走上成功的道路。故選B項。【5題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：他們學會了如何接近、喂馬、刷馬和上馬，最后才有機會騎上它們。A.before在……之前；B.after在……之后；C.as當……時候/因為；D.though雖然。根據句意可知，在他們騎馬之前需要學會接近馬，喂馬和刷馬等。故選A項。【6題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：通過在Sabrina的幫助下照顧項目中的馬，并與它們建立聯系，孩子們變得更有自我意識，然后開始認識和面對消極的感受和行為，這可以幫助他們與他人溝通，并導致他們的社交技能、自我價值和行為問題發生重大的積極變化。A.takeover接管；B.walkwith與……同行；C.carefor照顧/關心；D.respondto回應。通過前文“theyweretaughthowtoapproach,feed,brush,andmountthehorses(他們學會了如何接近、喂馬、刷馬和上馬)”可知，孩子們通過照顧馬和馬建立聯系。故選C項。【7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通過在Sabrina的幫助下照顧項目中的馬，并與它們建立聯系，孩子們變得更有自我意識，然后開始認識和面對消極的感受和行為，這可以幫助他們與他人溝通，并導致他們的社交技能、自我價值和行為問題發生重大的積極變化。A.routines常規；B.bonds聯系；C.judgements判斷；D.ideas主意。根據句意，孩子們通過照顧馬與馬建立聯系。故選B項。【8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過在Sabrina的幫助下照顧項目中的馬，并與它們建立聯系，孩子們變得更有自我意識，然后開始認識和面對消極的感受和行為，這可以幫助他們與他人溝通，并導致他們的社交技能、自我價值和行為問題發生重大的積極變化。A.technical技術的；B.survival幸存的；C.organizational組織的；D.social社會的；社交的。根據本句“whichcanhelpthemcommunicatewithothers(這能幫助孩子與他人溝通)，表明孩子們的社交技能將會發生積極變化。故選D項。【9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Sabrina首先教孩子們，查理需要通過聞他們的手來熟悉他們。A.popular流行的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.satisfied感到滿意的；D.patient有耐心的。根據下一句“OnceCharliewascomfortable,thekidslearnedhowtopethisfaceandhead,andthenhowtousetheleadrope,cleanupCharlie’smesses,andfeedhimcarrots.(一旦查理舒服了，孩子們就學會了如何撫摸他的臉和頭，然后學會了如何使用牽繩，收拾查理的爛攤子，給他喂胡蘿卜。)”可知，查理一開始是先從聞手上的氣味開始熟悉孩子們。一旦熟悉了，孩子們就可以撫摸他們的臉和頭。故選B項。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的猶豫相符地變成了微笑、笑聲和興奮。A.resistance抗拒；B.disappointment失望；C.misunderstanding誤解；D.hesitation猶豫。由最后一段“Oliviawasn’ttheonlykidwhowasnervousandshyatthebeginning.ButultimatelyOliviaalsowasn’ttheonlykidtoleavemoreconfident.(奧利維亞并不是唯一一個一開始就緊張害羞的孩子。但最終奧利維亞也不是唯一一個離開時更加自信的孩子。)可知，孩子們由一開始的猶豫最后轉變為了自信和微笑。故選D項。第二節語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren’sabilitytolearn,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpoints___11___(low)onmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildren___12___bedroomTVs.Asecondstudy,___13___(look)atnearly1,000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundpoorereducationlevelsamong26-year-oldswho___14___(watch)lotsofTVduringchildhood.【答案】11.lower12.without13.looking14.hadwatched##watched【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項最新研究顯示：過度看電視會對兒童的學習能力造成損害。【11題詳解】考查比較級。句意：臥室里有電視的孩子在數學和語言藝術測試中的得分比臥室里沒有電視的孩子低8分左右。根據空后的“than”可知，此處使用形容詞low的比較級。故填lower。【12題詳解】考查介詞。句意：同上。根據前文的withTvs可知，此處表示“臥室內沒有電視的孩子們”。故填without。【13題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：另一項研究對新西蘭近1000名成年人進行了調查，發現在童年時期看了很多電視的26歲人群中，受教育程度較低。句中found為謂語動詞，設空處使用非謂語動詞，此處asecondstudy與look之間為主動關系，故使用現在分詞looking作定語。故填looking。【14題詳解】考查動詞時態。句意：同上。設空處使用動詞作謂語，根據前文的found可知句子表述過去事實，故使用一般過去時即用watched；或者可以表示設空處動作發生在found之間，即使用過去完成時，用hadwatched。故填hadwatched/watched。B閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。First___15___(create)bySterlingMortonin1872,TreePlantingDaywassetinordertoinspirepeople’spassionsforplantingandprotectingtrees,andtoprotectandimprovethenaturalenvironment___16___peopledependonfortheirliving.InFebruary,1979,the5thNationalPeople’sCongressofPeople’sRepublicofChinamadearesolutionthatMarch12hwouldbetakenasChineseTreePlantingDay.Sincethen,about50billiontrees___17___(plant)alloverChina.【答案】15.created16.which##that17.havebeenplanted【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了植樹節的起源、意義以及在中國的發展情況。【15題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：植樹節于1872年由斯特林·莫頓（SterlingMorton）首創，旨在激發人們種樹和保護樹木的熱情，保護和改善人們賴以生存的自然環境。句中wasset為謂語動詞，設空處使用非謂語動詞，此處TreePlantingDay與create之間是被動關系，故使用過去分詞作狀語。故填created。【16題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：同上。設空處引導的是定語從句，關系詞在從句中作on的賓語，修飾先行詞environment，為物用which或者that。故填which或者that。【17題詳解】考查動詞時態和語態。句意：從那時起，中國各地種植了大約500億棵樹。句中sincethen為現在完成時的時間標志，同時主語50billiontrees與plant之間是被動關系，故使用現在完成時的被動語態。故填havebeenplanted。C閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Thedinnerpartyisunderthreat,announcedarecentlifestylecolumninTheTimes.Youmightwonder,“Howcanthisbe?Don’twethrowpartiesforfriendsonspecialoccasions?”But___18___TheTimesworriesaboutisanotherkindofdisappearing.Itisusuallyhostedinone’shome.Invitations___19___(send)outweeksinadvanceandthehostspreparefood___20___(careful).Yetnowadays,peopleprefertoeattakeoutfoodontheirsofawhilejugglingamobilephoneandaremotecontrol.【答案】18.what19.aresent20.carefully【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了《泰晤士報》最近的一篇生活方式專欄的文章：現代生活中晚餐聚會逐漸消失的現象。【18題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：但是《泰晤士報》所擔心的是另一種消失。設空處引導的是主語從句，引導詞在從句中作賓語，指代“擔心的事”用what。故填what。【19題詳解】考查動詞時態和語態。句意：邀請函會提前幾周發出，主人會精心準備食物。設空處使用動詞作謂語，根據后文的prepare可知，設空處使用一般現在時。同時invitations與send之間是被動關系，故使用一般現在時的被動語態，主語invitations為復數。故填aresent。【20題詳解】考查副詞。句意：同上。句中使用careful的副詞修飾從此prepare作狀語。故填carefully。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節，38分)第一節(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAgadgetwhichmakeswateroutofaircouldbecomethegreatesthouseholdinventionsincethemicrowave.Usingthesametechnologyasadehumidifier(除濕器),theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanalwaysgetitfromanunlimitedsource—theair.Thecompanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferanalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountries,butitisasolutionforthemillionswhofaceadailywatershortage.Themachineworksbydrawinginwetairthroughafilterandoveracoolinginstrumentwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.Itcanproduceupto12litersaday.TheWaterMillwillalsoproducemorewaterwhenstormspassover,astheamountofwaterwhichiscontainedintheairincreases.Inkeepingwithitseco-development,themachineusesthesameamountofelectricityasthreelights.InventorJonathanRitcheysaid:“Thedemandforwaterisoffthechart.Sopeoplearelookingforfreedomfromwaterdistributionsystemsthatareshakyandunreliable.”Themachine,whichisabout3feetwide,islikelytocost￡800whenitgoesonsalehereinthespring.Itsmaker,CanadianFirmElementFour,roughlycalculatesthataliterofwatercostsaround20ptoproduce.Environmentalistsstatethathalftheworld’spopulationwillfacewatershortagebecauseofclimatechangeby2080.Oneinfiveissaidtolackaccesstosafedrinking.TheWaterMillisnoteffectiveinareaswheretheamountofwatercontainedintheairisbelowabout30percent,butinBritainthatwon'tbemuchofaproblem.21.WhowouldbemostlikelyinneedofTheWaterMill?A.Ahouseholdwithhighelectricitybill.B.Residentsinanareawithfrequentstorms.C.Apersonwhohasaccesstowaterforfree.D.Someonewholacksenoughdrinkingwater.22.Whatdowelearnaboutthemachine?A.Itabsorbssteamandturnsitintowater.B.Itisveryexpensiveforfamiliestoafford.C.Itworksinthesamewayasmicrowaves.D.Ithelpstomakethewatercleantodrink.23.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ANewWaytoSolveWaterProblemBADehumidifiertoProduceWaterC.AMachinetoMakeWateroutofAirD.AnAbsolutelyNewInvention【答案】21.D22.A23.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了一款名為WaterMill的創新裝置，該裝置利用類似于除濕器的技術從空氣中提取飲用水。它不僅為發達國家提供了瓶裝水的替代品，還為數百萬面臨日常水資源短缺的人們提供了解決方案。【21題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第三段“Thecompanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferanalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountries,butitisasolution

forthemillionswhofaceadailywatershortage.(制造這臺機器的公司表示，它不僅為發達國家提供了瓶裝水的替代品，而且為數百萬每天面臨缺水的人提供了解決方案。)”可知，這臺機器不僅為發達國家提供了瓶裝水的替代品，而且為數百萬每天面臨水資源短缺的人們提供了解決方案。因此，最有可能需要WaterMill的是那些缺乏足夠飲用水的人。故選D。【22題詳解】細節理解題。文章第四段中“Themachineworksbydrawinginwetairthroughafilterandoveracoolinginstrumentwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.

(這臺機器的工作原理是通過過濾器吸入濕空氣，并通過冷卻裝置將其轉化為水滴。)”可知，此處描述了機器的工作原理，這意味著機器通過吸入濕空氣，經過過濾器和冷卻裝置，將其轉化為水滴，即吸收了水蒸氣并轉化為水。故選A。【23題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第二段“Usingthesametechnologyasadehumidifier(除濕器),theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanalwaysgetitfromanunlimitedsource—theair.(利用與除濕器相同的技術，水磨可以從無限的資源——空氣中——源源不斷地產生飲用水。)”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一種能從空氣中制造飲用水的裝置WaterMill，因此最適合的標題是描述這個裝置的功能或特點的。C選項“AMachinetoMakeWateroutofAir(一種能從空氣中制造水的機器)”直接概括了文章的主要內容，符合題意。故選C。BTwo-ManIronmanOnSept.17,2022,Jeffandhisson,Johnny,setouttobeginthefirstofthreelegsoftheIronmancompetition,wherecompetitorsmustcompletea140milesofswimming,bicyclingandrunninginunder17hours.Notthatlongago,Johnnycouldbarelywalkafewstepsbecausehewasbornwithcerebralpalsy(腦癱).Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.FromthedayJohnnywasborn,Jeffrefusedtolethisson’sdisabilityholdhimback.DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.Soon,theywereentering5Kraces,thenontoIronmancompetition.JeffwouldactasJohnny’sarmsandlegs,carryingtheweightofhissonthroughouttherace.Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswim.SettlingJohnnyintoakayak,Jeffeasedhimselfintothewater.Swimmingwhiledragginganotherpersonwasverytough.Butworstofall,Jeffhadtostrugglewithjellyfish.“IoccupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoftimesIgotstung(蟄),”hesays.Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathon.They’dbeencompetingfor10.5hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.ButatMile19,Johnnysawtheclocktickingdownandworriedtheywouldn’tmakethecutoff.Despitethetiredness,Jeffwasconvincedtheyweregoingallrightandthenpickedupthepace.Withminutesleftand200feettothefinishline,JeffstoppedtohelpJohnnyoutofhisracingchairandhandedhimhisrollingwalker.Afteryearsofpainstakingwork,Johnnywasdeterminedtofinishhisracesonhisown.After16hours,55minutesand35seconds,thefatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.AsthecrowdcheeredonanoverwhelmedJohnny,awearyJeffkeptalowprofle.“Myfatherdidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment,”saysJohnny,tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”24.WhydidJeffleadJohnnytorunning?A.TogetclosertoJohnny. B.TofulfillJohnny’sdream.C.TodiscoverJohnny’sinterest. D.TospeedupJohnny’srecovery.25.WhatchallengedJeffmostintheswimmingrace?ALackofenergy. B.Painfrominjuries.C.Mentaltiredness. D.Bodyweightchange.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnnyaccordingtothepassage?A.Strong-willedandgrateful. B.Warm-heartedandsensitive.C.Patientandgenerous. D.Toughandhumorous.27.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. B.Fathersarenotborn;theyaremade.C.Thevalueofalovingfatherhasnoprice. D.Successcomesfromfailuresalongthejourney.【答案】24.B25.B26.A27.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了父親杰夫為了實現患腦癱的兒子約翰尼成為跑步運動員的夢想，每天陪著約翰尼練習，并一起參加比賽，在通過終點線時，杰夫默默站在一邊，因為他希望這一刻的榮譽只屬于兒子約翰尼。文章體現了以為父親無私的愛。【24題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段中“Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.(但他成為一名跑步運動員的夢想從未停止過)”和第二段中“DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.(為了讓約翰尼知道他可以追求成為運動員的夢想，杰夫幫助他參加跑步。他們開始在凌晨4點起床，這樣杰夫就可以一邊跑步，一邊推著他坐在一種叫做比賽椅的特殊輪椅上的兒子。每天早上，他們迫使自己跑得越來越快)”可知，杰夫領著約翰尼跑步是為了實現約翰尼成為跑步運動員的夢想。故選B。【25題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段中“Butworstofall,Jeffhadtostrugglewithjellyfish.“IoccupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoftimesIgotstung(蟄),”hesays.(但最糟糕的是，杰夫不得不與水母搏斗。他說：“我滿腦子都是被蜇的次數。”)”可知，在游泳比賽中，被水母蜇的疼痛對杰夫來說最具挑戰性。故選B。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.(他們開始在凌晨4點起床，這樣杰夫就可以一邊跑步，一邊推著他坐在一種叫做比賽椅的特殊輪椅上的兒子)”，倒數第三段中“Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathon.They’dbeencompetingfor10.5hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.(在兩個人用了大約9個小時完成了艱難的自行車賽段后，他們把目光投向了比賽的最后一段——26.2英里的馬拉松賽。他們已經比賽了10.5個小時，還剩下6.5個小時的時間)”以及倒數第二段中“After16hours,55minutesand35seconds,thefatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.(16小時55分35秒后，父子倆一起沖過了終點線)”可知，約翰尼每天堅持訓練，并參加完比賽的全程，因此他是意志堅定的；根據最后一段中““Myfatherdidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment,”saysJohnny,tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”(“我父親不想要他的終點線時刻，”約翰尼說，眼里含著淚水。“他希望它是我的。”)”可知，約翰尼看到父親的行為感動到落淚，因此推知他對父親的付出是感激的。綜上，故選A。【27題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據第二段中“DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.(為了讓約翰尼知道他可以追求成為運動員的夢想，杰夫幫助他參加跑步。他們開始在凌晨4點起床，這樣杰夫就可以一邊跑步，一邊推著他坐在一種叫做比賽椅的特殊輪椅上的兒子。每天早上，他們迫使自己跑得越來越快)”和最后一段“AsthecrowdcheeredonanoverwhelmedJohnny,awearyJeffkeptalowprofle.“Myfatherdidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment,”saysJohnny,tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”(當人群為開心的約翰尼歡呼時，疲憊的杰夫卻保持著低調。“我父親不想要他的終點線時刻，”約翰尼說，眼里含著淚水。“他希望它是我的。”)”可知，文章主要講述了父親杰夫為了實現患腦癱的兒子約翰尼成為跑步運動員的夢想，每天陪著約翰尼練習，并一起參加比賽，在通過終點線時，杰夫默默站在一邊，因為他希望這一刻的榮譽只屬于兒子約翰尼。文章體現了以為父親無私的愛。C項“Thevalueofalovingfatherhasnoprice.(慈愛的父親的價值是無價的)”可以概括本文主要內容。故選C。COfthemorethan3,000speciesofmosquitoesintheworld,justasmallnumberspecializeinsuckinghumanblood.Howmosquitoestrackusdownsoeffectivelyisn’tcurrentlyknown,butitmatters,sincetheycarrydangerousdiseaseswhichmaycausedeath.“Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That’swhyGauff’steamwantstounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.Mosquitoesmostlychoosewhattobitebasedonodor(氣味).Knowinghowapotentiallydisease-carryingmosquitofindsaperson,whileignoringotherwarm-bloodedanimals,isakeyquestion.Butit’snoteasytoanswer,sinceanyanimalsmellismadeupofhundredsofchemicalsmixedtogetherinspecificpercentage.“Theactualchemicalsthatarefoundinhumanodorarebasicallythesameasthechemicalsfoundinanimalodor—it’sthepercentagesandtherelativelargeamountofthosesubstancesinhumanmixturesthat’sunique,”saidGauff.Toinvestigate,researchersdecidedtorecordneuralactivityinthebrainofmosquitoeswhileexposingthemtonaturalhumanandanimalodorsamples.Theycollectedodorsamplesfromabout40differentanimals.Whentheycomparedsomeofthosewiththe16humansamples,somethingjumpedout.Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.Commoninthenaturalworld,inhumans,decanalcomesfromanother,morecomplexsubstance.Whenonecomponentofourskin’snaturaloils,sapienicacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftover.Thisacidisonlyfoundinhumanbeings.It’swhatlikelyleadstothehighlevelsofdecanalthathelpthemosquitoessmelltheirwaytous.Understandingwhatthemosquitoesaretargetingisonlypartofthestory;knowinghowtheydoitisalsoimportant.Toseeexactlyhowmosquitoesusethissense,scientistsusedgeneticallymodified(轉基因的)mosquitoessothattheycouldcutopenmosquitoes’headsandwatchneuronsfiringwhenthey’reexposedtohumanandanimalodors.Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects’brains,theythoughttheymightseealotofactivity.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystronglytobothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.Howtokeepmosquitoes’decanalsignalfrombeingtransmittedwillbetheresearchteam’snextfocus.Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.28.What’sthefinalpurposeoftheresearchconductedbyGauff’steam?A.Tostudywhyonlycertainmosquitoessuckhumanblood.B.Toinvestigatetheneuralactivityinmosquitoes’brains.C.Tohelppreventdeadlydiseasescausedbymosquitoes.D.Totesttheeffectivenessofmosquitokillers.29.Towhichsubstance(s)wouldmosquitoesmostlybeattracted?A.Naturaloilfromhumanskin.B.Chemicalsintheenvironment.C.Decanalgeneratedinhumanblood.D.Remainsofdecomposedsapienicacid.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Mostmosquitoneuronsarenotinvolvedinrespondingtohumanodor.B.Geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesarenotsensitivetohumanodor.C.Furtherresearchwillfocusonodorsignalandneuralconnection.D.Chemicalsfoundinhumanandanimalodorsarequitedifferent.【答案】28.C29.D30.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了一隊研究人員想通過研究蚊子為什么叮咬某一類人，找到阻止它們叮咬人類的策略，預防文字叮咬引起的致命疾病。【28題詳解】細節理解題。由第二段““Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That’swhyGauff’steamwantstounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.(普林斯頓神經科學研究所的生態學和進化生物學教授CarolynGauff說：“事實上，阻止這些煩人的蚊子在它們的軌道上活動，每年可以挽救多達50萬人因這些疾病而喪生的生命。”這就是為什么Gauff的團隊想要了解蚊子如何發現和瞄準人類的原因)”和最后一段中的“Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.(Gauff希望他們目前的工作可以用于制造滅蚊劑和引誘劑，以預防疾病)”可知，Gauff最終是想幫助預防蚊子引起的致命疾病（救人性命）才進行此項研究的。故選C項。【29題詳解】細節理解題。由第四段中的“Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.(癸醛在人體皮膚中特別豐富)”和“Whenonecomponentofourskin’snaturaloils,sapienicacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftover.Thisacidisonlyfoundinhumanbeings.It’swhatlikelyleadstothehighlevelsofdecanalthathelpthemosquitoessmelltheirwaytous.(當我們皮膚的天然油脂中的一種成分——智人酸分解時，就會剩下癸酸。這種酸只存在于人身上。這很可能導致高水平的癸醛，幫助蚊子嗅到它們的氣味)”可知，癸酸是智人酸分解后的殘留物，蚊子通過癸醛（智人酸分解后的殘留物）找到人類，所以蚊子最喜歡癸醛（智人酸分解后的殘留物）。故選D項。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。由倒數第二段中的“Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects’brains,theythoughttheymightseealotofactivity.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystronglytobothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.(研究團隊已經知道，蚊子有大約60種不同類型的神經元來感知氣味，所以當他們觀察蚊子的大腦時，他們認為可能會看到很多活動。但蚊子的大腦出奇的安靜，這意味著信號可能相當簡單，僅限于幾種類型的神經元。Gauff說：“一種神經元對人類和動物的氣味反應非常強烈。另一種神經元同時對兩者都有反應，但對人類氣味的反應比動物氣味的反應強烈得多。”)”可知，蚊子有大約60種不同類型的神經元來感知氣味，但研究發現只有幾種類型的神經元才會對人類和動物氣味作出反應，可得出大多數蚊子神經元不參與對人類氣味的反應。故選A項。DThestart-upthatattractedthelargestinvestmentinthehistoryofcybersecurity,ofmorethanhalfabilliondollars,hasasimplegoal:apasswordlessfuture.Despitethespreadofpasswordmanagementsoftwarethatcangenerateandremembercomplicatedstringsofrandomcharacters,someofthemostcommonpasswordsarestill“12345”,“password”and“iloveyou”.Asaresult,morethan80percentofhacksinvolvethesekindsofpasswords;andpasswordsremainthemostsought-afterdatabyhackers,aboveotherpersonalorsensitiveinformation.Inmanycases,individualsaretrickedintohandingoverpassworddetailsbyphishingemailsandothersocialengineeringtechniques.Hackershavesoughttobreakintoappsandstealentirepassworddatabasesaswell.Passwordsarealsounderattackfromnewtechnology,suchasautomatedprogramsthatcanrapidlytrytoguessthem,orcantrystolenpasswordsonmultipleonlineaccounts.Sincetheneedtoreplacetheeasilyforgottenandhighlyhackablestringsoflettersandnumbersthatweusetoaccesseverydaylifehasbecomeevenmoreurgent,theracetoreplacethepasswordisunderway,withbiometric-based(基于生物識別的)securityemergingasoneofthemostsought-aftersolutions.AccordingtoTieo,aunionofmorethan250companies,whichpromotesastandardsystemofpasswordlessauthentication(身份驗證),thevastmajorityofconsumerserviceswillofferpasswordlessloginsystemsinthenextcoupleofyears.“Ifdonecorrectlyandsafely,biometricsarereallyhelpingusmovetoapasswordlessfutureinarapidmanner,”saidAndrewJenkinson,CEOofTieo.Buttherearestillrisksassociatedwiththeuseofbiometricauthentication.Unlikepasswords,biometricscannotbechanged.Thismeanssuchdatamustbecloselyguardedforprivacypurposesandtopreventspoofing—hackerstryingtotrickcamerasorsensorswithphotos,ormasksoftheirvictim.“Biometricauthenticationandpasswordlessauthenticationhasitsownattacksurface,”saidPaulSmith,directorofsecurityresearchatCyberPek.Histeamrevealedthatithadfoundadesignproblemwhichwouldallowpotentialattackerstobypassfacialrecognitionloginbyinjectingaspoofedphotoofauser’sfaceintotheprocess.Thebiggestobstaclestandinginthewayofthestart-upshopingtokillthepasswordishowtochangeyearsofhabit.EricBrown,founderofTAKCyber,acyberresearchandadvisorycompany,arguedthatwhilesensitiveapplicationsmayrapidlyshiftfrompasswords,otherwebsiteshavelessmotivationtoupdatetheirsystems.“You’llnevergetridofthem,”hesaid.“We’renevergoingtogettothepost-passwordera.”31.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whypasswordsarethemostsought-afterdata.B.Howpasswordsarestolenbyphishingemails.C.Howpasswordshavecausedustrouble.D.Whypasswordsaredifficulttosecure.32.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Facialrecognitionloginisthekeytofightinghackers.B.Biometricauthenticationhasitsownsetofproblems.C.TAKCyber’sloginsystemguaranteesthesafetyofdata.D.Spoofingbringsmoreproblemsthanautomatedprograms.33.WhatisEricBrown’sattitudetowardsapasswordlessfuture?A.Indifferent. B.Passionate. C.Pessimistic. D.Objective.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Biometricauthentication:passwordsecuritysolution!B.Start-upsracetowelcomeapasswordlessfutureC.TheargumenttoendpasswordshasbegunD.Killingthepassword:acureorafantasy?【答案】31.D32.B33.C34.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了很多公司投入到無密碼的研究中，但是其中還有許多問題需要解決。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第三段中“Inmanycases,individualsaretrickedintohandingoverpassworddetailsbyphishingemailsandothersocialengineeringtechniques.Hackershavesoughttobreakintoappsandstealentirepassworddatabasesaswell.Passwordsarealsounderattackfromnewtechnology,suchasautomatedprogramsthatcanrapidlytrytoguessthem,orcantrystolenpasswordsonmultipleonlineaccounts.(在許多情況下，個人通過網絡釣魚郵件和其他社會工程技術被騙提供密碼細節。黑客還試圖侵入應用程序，竊取整個密碼數據庫。密碼也受到新技術的攻擊，比如自動程序可以快速猜測密碼，或者在多個在線賬戶上嘗試竊取密碼)”可知，第三段主要講為什么密碼很難保護。故選D項。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中“Buttherearestillrisksassociatedwiththeuseofbiometricauthentication.Unlikepasswords,biometricscannotbechanged.Thismeanssuchdatamustbecloselygua