PAGEUnit2Theenvironment□economyn． □spokeswomann. □consultantn． □flowvi.&n.□billionn. □pipen. □greedyadj. □businessmann.□environmentaladj.□creditn. □quantityn. □rawadj.□seafoodn. □willingadj. □taxn. □goodsn.□pumpvt.&vi.&n.□madamn. □arrivaln. □customsn□feathern. □tortoisen. □blanketn. □clapvt.&vi.□economicadj. □queuevi.&n. □desertificationn.□cropn.□fencen. □soiln. □bushn. □drillvi.&vt.&n.□administrationn. □satelliten. □typhoonn. □floodn．&vt.&vi□dolphinn. □climaten. □low-carbonadj.□carbonn.□dioxiden. □vehiclen. □petroln. □enginen.□electricaladj. □plantn. □fueln．&vt.&vi.□oxygenn.□decaden.1．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Inanygivenoffice，employeescanrangefromage22to70andbeyond，andfindingcommongroundincommunicationstylecanbeachallenge.vi.變更2．(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Theroutemeasuredfivekilometers，fromourschoolgatetothefootofNanshanMountain.vt.有……(詳細尺寸、度)3．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.n.理解，相識4．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room...vt.放置5．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege，Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course，calledThinkingChess，forthreecredits.n.學分6．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)ThisproductionofShakespeare'sRichardⅢwillbedirectedbytheNational'sAssociateDirector，WangXiaoying.n.(電影，戲劇等的)攝制7．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.n．工作8．(2024·天津卷)Donationsbeganfloodinginfromhundredsofpeople.v.蜂擁而至[單詞拼法·運用]核心單詞語境運用1．debaten．&vi.辯論；爭辯，探討2．arrestvt.&n．逮捕3．conflictvi.沖突，抵觸n．沖突；沖突4．decreasevt.&vi.削減n．削減5．measuren．措施，方法；尺度vt.測量；估量，判定6．rangen．范圍；一系列；山脈vi.(在肯定范圍內)變更；排列，排序；包括7．absorbvt.汲取；理解；使聚精會神8．particularadj.專指的，特指的；特殊的；講究的，挑剔的9．conservationn．(對自然環境的)愛護10．recyclevt.&vi.回收利用11．dutyn．責任，義務，本分12．productionn．產量；生產用所給詞的適當形式填空。1．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Onenonprofitorganization，whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment，iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productions(produce)thisyear.2．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasures(measure)thecadence(節奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.3．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking，andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskinto_absorb(absorb)aday'sworthofVitaminD.4．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Thisswitchhasdecreased(decrease)pollutioninthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.5．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Makinglovelyobjectsusingrecycled(recycle)andmadematerials.6．(2024·北京卷)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，ranging(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.7．Ongettingofftheplane，hegotarrested(arrest)bythewaitingpolice.8．Socialprogressisnormallyamatterofstrugglesandconflicts(conflict)．9．Theysatforhoursdebating(debate)theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsettinguptheirownfirm.派生單詞語境運用1．beliefn．看法；信念→believevt.信任2．responsibleadj.負責；擔當義務→responsibilityn．責任，職責3．appreciatevt.觀賞，贊許；感謝；領悟→appreciationn．觀賞；鑒別；感謝4．impressvt.使印象深刻→impressionn．印象→impressiveadj.給人印象深刻的5．operatevt.&vi.經營；動手術→operationn．操作；經營；手術→operatorn．操作人員；話務員6．legaladj.法律許可的，合法的→illegaladj.非法的，違法的→illegallyadv.非法地，違法地7．consumevt.消耗，耗費；消費→consumern．消費者，用戶，顧客→consumptionn．消費用所給詞的適當形式填空。1．Acitizenshouldbefilledwithasenseofresponsibilityforhisnation.Thatistosay，heshouldberesponsibleforwhathedoes.(responsible)2．Aliftoperatorwasillandafamoussurgeonoperatedonheratonce.Shortlyaftertheoperation，thepatientcametoherself.(operate)3．Hangzhouissuchanimpressivecitythatitoftenmakesastrongimpressiononvisitorsanditssightsneverfailtoimpressforeigntourists.(impress)4．Themanseizedmuchlandillegally.Despitehisillegalact，fewpeoplethoughtbadlyofhim.Somepeopleconsideredthatitwaslegalforhimtodoso.(legal)5．Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucangivemeahandagain.Meanwhile，Iwanttoexpressmyappreciationtoyouforyourhelpingmebefore.(appreciate)6．Expertsadviseconsumersnottobuymoregroceriesuntilthey'vealreadybeenconsumed.Thisiscalledrationalconsumption.(consume)[短語理解·運用]高頻短語語境運用1．open_the_floor自由發言2．use_up用完3．run_out(of)用完，耗盡4．clean_up打掃(或清除)干凈5．in/with_regard_to關于，至于填入一個適當的詞。Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowinglarger，andweareusing①upnaturalresources.Whatiftheyrun②out？③In/Withregardtothetopic，weheldaclassmeetingandalloftheclassopened④theflooratthemeeting.6．cut_back_on削減，削減，縮減7．queue_up排隊等候8．pick_out找出，選擇9．let_off排放10．do_one's_part盡自己的職責填入一個適當的詞。Inthepastfewyears，theadministrationhasdone⑤itspartinenvironmentalconservation.Nowmanufacturersarewillingtocutback⑥ontheproductionofvehiclesinordertoreducetheamountofcarbondioxidetheylet⑦off.11．under_way進行中12．in_particular尤其，特殊13．result_in導致14．in_use在運用中15．blame...on...把……歸咎于……16．rely_on...for...依靠……供應……填入一個適當的詞。Withthedevelopmentofsociety，moreandmorefamiliesowntheirprivatecars，whichhasresulted⑧inthedeclineofpublictransport，becausemanypeoplerelyoncars⑨fortransportation.Someexpertsblametheworseningenvironment⑩oncars，andtheyappealtopeopletousepublictransportmorefrequently.Theyhopemoreandmoreundergroundswillbe?inuseinthenearfuture.[句式辨識·運用]教材原句背誦句式結構仿寫1.theway作先行詞的定語從句FirstIamtalkingtoyoutodayaboutthewayvastareasoftheworldaredamagedbychemicalwaste.(2024·浙江卷)然而，當她掛斷電話時，她懊悔自己處理電話的方式。However，whenshehungup，sheregrettedthe_way_she_had_handled_the_call.2.Whatif...？假如……怎么辦呢？Whatiftheyrunout？假如下次的月考他又不及格怎么辦？What_if_he_failsinthenextmonthlyexaminationagain？3.it作形式賓語Ilikeditwhenyoutoldthatjoke.我不寵愛她在我工作時給我打電話——我總是太忙了，不能跟她交談。Ihateit_when_she_calls_me_at_work—I'malwaystoobusytocarryonaconversationwithher.1．beliefn．看法；信念(1)beyondbelief難以置信have(a)beliefin信任holdthebeliefthat...持有……觀點itisone'sbeliefthat...某人信任……(2)believein信任；信任；信任(……的存在)believeitornot信不信由你itisbelievedthat...人們信任……apersonworthyofbelief可以信得過的人respectotherpeople'sbeliefs敬重別人的信仰haveafirmbeliefinhishonesty對他的誠懇深信不疑[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Wehaveasincerebeliefinthepowerofarttoenhancehumanlife.②It'sbeyondbeliefthata14-year-oldgirlcouldbreaktheprovincialhighjumprecord.[鏈接寫作]——句式升級(一般表達)Ibelievethatgoodmannersareveryimportanttoeverybody.①(高級表達)Ihold_the_belief_thatgoodmannersareveryimportanttoeverybody.(belief)②(高級表達)Itis_my_belief_thatgoodmannersareveryimportanttoeverybody.(it作形式主語)2．operatevt.經營，管理；操作vi.動手術；運轉；見效，起作用[高考原句·2024·全國卷Ⅰ]AustraliaDay，AnzacDay，sportingandculturaldays，specialadditionalservicesmayoperate.(1)operateonsb.(for...)(因某病)給某人動手術(2)come/gointooperation生效，實行beinoperation運轉中，實施中put/ooperation實施；實行do/performanoperationon給……動手術beeasytooperate簡單操作operatefactoriesandmines經營廠礦operateapatientonthehead給病人頭部做手術[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Itissaidthatsomenewruleswillcome/gointooperationnextmonth.②Protectiveclothingmustbewornwhenthemachineisinoperation.[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯這位病人特別危急，所以醫生們確定立即給他動手術。①Thepatientwasingreatdanger，sothedoctorsdecidedto_operate_on_himimmediately.(operate)②Thepatientwasingreatdanger，sothedoctorsdecidedto_do/perform_an_operation_on_himimmediately.(operation)3．impressvt.使印象深刻；蓋印；使牢記，使牢記(1)beimpressedby/with被……打動；對……有深刻印象impresssth.on/uponsb.(＝impresson/uponsb.sth.)使某人牢記某事impresssb.withsth.使某人牢記某事(2)make/leaveadeepimpressiononsb./one'smemory給某人留下深刻的印象impressamarkon/uponasurface＝impressasurfacewithamark在表面上打記號impressonmethevalueofhardwork讓我牢記艱苦勞動的價值impresstheconsumerwithagoodadvertisingcampaign以優良的廣告宣揚運動加深消費者的印象[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Myfatherimpressedtheimportanceofhonestyon/uponme.②ThelittleboyimpressedmewithhisbigandbrighteyesthefirsttimeIsawhim.[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯(一般表達)Heimpressedmedeeplywithhisperformanceattheconcert.①Iwas_deeply_impressed_with/byhisperformanceattheconcert.(impress)②Hisperformanceattheconcertleft/made_a_deep_impression_on_me.(impression)4．measuren．措施，方法；尺度vt.測量；估量，判定vi.(指尺寸、長、寬、高等)量度為(1)takemeasurestodosth.實行措施做某事make...toone'smeasure依照某人的尺寸做……beyondmeasure無法估量；極度；特別madetomeasure量身定做的(2)measure...by...用……來衡量……measuresforincreasingtheoutput增產的措施bemeasuredinmetres以米計量measurefivemetresacross有五米寬takemeasurestopreservetheenvironmentfrompollution實行措施愛護環境免受污染[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Educationshouldnotbemeasuredonlybyexaminationresults.②Measureshavebeentakento_solve(solve)trafficproblemsinbigcities.③Intheolddays，mymotheralwaysmadenewclothestomyownmeasurewithSpringFestivalcoming.[鏈接寫作]——句式升級(一般表達)Therearesometalltreesonthehillandsomemeasure30metres.(高級表達)Therearesometalltreesonthehill，some_measuring_30_metres.(用獨立主格結構)[名師點津]①measure作“措施”講時，常用其復數形式。②measure表示“有……長(寬、高等時)”，可看成系動詞，不用被動語態及進行時態，若此意義的短語作后置定語，要用現在分詞形式。5．rangen．(變動)范圍；一系列；分類；山脈vi.(在肯定范圍內)變更；包括；排列，排序(1)in/withinrangeof在……范圍內beyond/outofrange(of)超出/不在(……的)范圍arangeof一系列的(2)rangefrom...to...從……到……變更/不等rangebetween...and...在……之間變動peoplefromadiverserangeofbackgrounds各種不同背景的人rangethebooksbysize按書的大小排列patientswhoseagesrangedfrom13to25years年齡在13到25歲之間的病人[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Thereisarangeofmountainsinmyhometown.②Ifwearebeyondrangeofthesignal，ourphonescan'tbeused.[鏈接寫作]——句式升級(一般表達)Thetemperaturechangesalotanditrangesbetween18and35degreescentigradeinJulyinthiscity.(高級表達)Thetemperaturechangesalot，ranging_from_18_to_35degreescentigradeinJulyinthiscity.(現在分詞短語作狀語)6．appreciatevt.觀賞，贊許；感謝；領悟，理解[高考原句·2024·全國卷Ⅲ]Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.(1)appreciate(sb./one's)doingsth.感謝(某人)做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...假如……，我會感謝不盡(2)inappreciationof觀賞；感謝express/convey/show...appreciationtosb.對某人表達……的感謝appreciateyourhelpverymuch特別感謝你的幫助appreciateEnglishpoetry觀賞英語詩歌appreciatehisreadinesstohelpothers觀賞他樂于助人的看法[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Ireallyappreciatemyteacherhelping(help)mewithmathinhissparetime.②Pleaseacceptthisgiftinappreciationofallyou'vedoneforus.[鏈接寫作]——句式升級(一般表達)Iwouldbegratefultoyouforturningoffthelights.(高級表達)Iwould_appreciate_it_ifyoucouldturnoffthelights.(appreciate)7．absorbvt.汲取(氣體、液體、熱、光等)；理解；使聚精會神[高考原句·2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ]Infact，mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker'smessage.(1)absorbknowledge/information駕馭學問/信息absorbone'sattention/theattentionofsb.吸引某人的留意o...把……吸入……absorboneselfin...聚精會神于……(2)absorbedadj.聚精會神的beabsorbedin...聚精會神于……(3)absorbingadj.特別吸引人的，引人入勝的absorbagreatdealoftheRomanculture大量汲取羅馬文化beabsorbedinthought在深思beabsorbedintotheblood被汲取進入血液[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Alcoholmaytakeafewminutesto_be_absorbed(absorb)intothebloodstreamandstartactiononthebrain.②Whendeeplyabsorbed(absorb)inwork，whichheoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.③Thenovelwassoabsorbing(absorb)thatshereadonwithoutabreak.[鏈接寫作]——句式升級(一般表達)Thesingerwasabsorbedinhissinging.Thesingerforgottohavehislunch.(高級表達)Absorbed_in_his_singing，thesingerforgottohavehislunch.(用過去分詞短語作狀語)[名師點津]beabsorbedin(doing)sth.結構在句中作狀語、定語時，常用其過去分詞形式absorbedin...。8．responsibilityn．責任，職責[高考原句·2024·天津卷]Throughtheactivity，whatIfeltisthatIamabletoshouldertheresponsibilityandmakeusstrongerandmoredetermined.(1)havethe/aresponsibilitytodo...有責任/有義務做……assume/accept/bear/takefullresponsibilityfor對……擔當全部責任asenseofresponsibility責任感(2)beresponsiblefor應對……負責；對……有責任rightsandresponsibilities權利和責任takeresponsibilityforarrangingthefood負責支配食物的事宜astrongsenseofresponsibilitytowardsparents對父母劇烈的責任感havenoresponsibilityforthataccident對那個事故沒有責任[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Thecourtfeelsithasaresponsibilityto_ensure(ensure)thatcustomersarenotmisled.②Youshouldberesponsibleforwhatyoudid.③(2024·江蘇卷)Herresponsibility(responsible)，herprivilege，wouldbetorescueit.[鏈接寫作]——完成句子銀行拒絕為這一錯誤擔當責任。Thebankrefusesto_accept_responsibility_for_the_mistake.9．runout(of)用完，耗盡runout結束；用完(主語為物，無被動語態)runacross偶然遇到；穿過runafter追逐；追求runinto撞上；偶然遇見runoutoffuel用完燃料runacrossherinthepubliclibrary在公共圖書館碰巧遇見了她runaftereverynewfashion趕時髦[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①SomanyplacesofinterestdoesBeijingofferthatmostvisitorssimplyranoutoftimebeforevisitingthemall.②IranacrosssomeoldletterswhileIwasclearingoutadrawer.[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯這個男孩用完了錢，因此他不得不向父母求助。①Theboy'smoneyran_outsohehadtoaskhisparentsforhelp.(run)②Theboyran_out_of_his_moneysohehadtoaskhisparentsforhelp.(run)③Theboy'smoneygave_out/was_used_upsohehadtoaskhisparentsforhelp.(give/use)[易錯辨析]表示“用完”，runout，giveout為不及物動詞短語，其主語通常為物(時間、食物、金錢等)；runoutof和useup為及物動詞短語，其主語一般為人。10．pickout找出，選擇；分辨出，區分；領悟，弄明白[高考原句·2024·全國卷Ⅱ]Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary，wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.pickup拿起，撿起；整理，整理；(偶然)學會；用車接；收聽到；好轉；感染pickon選擇；招惹；找茬兒；責怪pickoff摘去；逐個毀掉；瞄準射擊pickoutthemeaningofthepassage領悟這篇文章的含義pickoutthebestitemsonthemenu從菜單上選出最好的菜pickonmetodothework選擇我干這個工作[基礎練習]——寫出下列句中pickout的含義①Shewaspickedoutfromdozensofapplicantsforthejob.選擇②ThereweresomanypeopleattheconferencethatIcouldn'tpickhimout.分辨出③Havingreadthepassagemanytimes，Ifinallypickedoutitsmainidea.領悟[鏈接寫作]——完成句子他的小說被評委們評為最佳作品。Hisstorywas_picked_out_as_the_bestbythejudges.11．(教材P25)Whatiftheyrunout?假如它們用完了怎么辦呢？[句型公式]Whatif...？意為“假如……將會怎樣？即使……又有什么關系？”(1)Whatif...？為省略結構。whatif用于提出假設時，其后句子可用陳述語氣(一般現在時)，也可用虛擬語氣(通常為should＋動詞原形)。(2)Whatfor?為何目的？為何理由？What/Howabout...?……怎么樣？Guesswhat?你猜怎么著？[金句推送]Whatifweuseitincaseofanemergency?假如我們在緊急事務中運用它，那又會是怎樣？[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Whatifanythingshouldhappentothechild?②HowaboutgoingshoppingandseeingashowinLondon?③SevenmonthsagoIneverwouldhavebelievedthis，butguesswhat？BartConnerisonthatteam.[鏈接寫作]——句式升級(一般表達)IfIfallsickandcan'twork，whatshallIdo?(高級表達)What_if_I_fall_sickandcan'twork？(whatif開頭的省略句)12．(教材P31)Ilikeditwhenyoutoldthatjoke.我寵愛你講的那個笑話。[句型公式]句中like是及物動詞，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語為when引導的從句。(1)在表示寵愛、憎惡之類的動詞后面經常用it作形式賓語，然后再加賓語從句作真正的賓語，這類動詞有appreciate，enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer等。(2)一些動詞短語后面也常用it作形式賓語然后加真正的賓語，常見的有dependon，relyon，seeto(確保)等。[金句推送]Idislike/hateitwhenIamleftalonetostartaconversationwithastranger.我不寵愛被單獨留下來和一個生疏人閑聊。[基礎練習]——單句語法填空①Idon'tlikeitwhentheweathergetsreallycold.②Wecandependonitthathewillarrivehereontime.[鏈接寫作]——完成句子你能保證今日下午一切都打算就緒嗎？Canyouseetoit_that_everything_is_readythisafternoon?夯基固本——基礎強化Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空。1．Lastbutnotleast，it'severyone'sresponsibilityto_make(make)gooduseofwater.2．Thedoctorisperforminganoperation(operate)ontheinjuredchild.3．Itisespeciallyimportanttomakeagoodfirstimpression(impress)atajobinterview.4．Absorbed(absorb)inhiswork，hedidn'thearwhatIsaid.5．Emergencymeasureshave_been_taken(take)toreducetheemissionofcarbondioxidesofar.6．Thebelief(believe)thatoneshouldworkhardisrootedinourculture.7．Shehashadanumberofdifferentjobs，ranging(range)fromcheftoswimminginstructor.8．Wewouldappreciateyouletting(let)usknowofanyproblem.9．Somevillagersreportedahugesnake，measuring(measure)overtwometres，wasfounddeadinanearbycave.10．Shewasgoingovertoherparents'houseto__pick(pick)upsomecleanclothesforOskar.Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個適當的詞。1．Ihateitwhenyoudon'tsaywhatyouarethinking.2．Peopleusedtoholdthebeliefthattheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverse.3．Don'tworry.Ifanythinggoeswrong，I'lltakeresponsibilityforit.4．I'dappreciateitifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.5．WehavealreadyrunoutofmoneyandIdon'tknowwhattodonext.Ⅲ.在下列句子中找出一處錯誤并改正。1．Ihatewhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood.在hate后加it2．Ithinkyou'llneedtogetasuitmadetoyourmeasures.measures→measure3．Sheseemedtotallyabsorbinginherbookanddidn'trealizethatitwaslunchtime.absorbing→absorbed4．Hurryup！Ourtimeisrunningoutof.去掉of5．Thereisageneralbeliefwhichthingswillsoongetbetter.which→that6．ShepickedoutSpanishwhenshewaslivinginMexico.out→up查缺補漏——學問拾遺Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空。1．Alargequantityofairconditionershave_been_sold(sell)sincethesummercame.2．Thefilmstargotarrested(arrest)forpossessionofillegaldrugs.3．Themoredifficultthequestionsare，theless_likely(likely)heistoanswerthem.4．Largequantitiesoffoodare_wasted(waste)becauseofthewayitlooks.5．Sinceherarrival(arrive)atthedepartment，shehasbeenarecoganizedauthorityonthesubject.6．TheapartmentistoosmallandIwantonethreetimeslarger(large)．7．Thoughwilling(will)togetstarted，wecannotseemtodothejobright.8．Ioftendoabsent-mindedthings，particularly(particular)whenI'mworried.9．Peoplewhoeatslowlytendto_consume(consume)about70fewercaloriespermealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.10．However，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecades(decade)hasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance.Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個適當的詞。1．Honestlyspeaking，peoplewhobreaktrafficrulesareonthedecrease.2．Itwasagoodconcert—Ienjoyedthelastsonginparticular.3．Weopenedthefloortothedifferentsuggestionsthattheyhadmadeatthemeeting.4．Theydebatedabout/on/overwhowastoblameforthetrafficaccidentuntilitwas9o'clock.5．Itwasshockingthatthemayorwasarrestedafterhetookofficeforlessthanayear.6．Shefoundherselfinconflictwithherparentsoverherfuturecareer.強技提能——語言應用Ⅰ.語法填空短文中黑體部分為本單元核心學問點，請按要求補全短文，并背誦該短文。DearJames，Recently，wehadaheateddebate1.overthemassiveusageofrobotsinindustry.Itisreportedthatthenumberofrobotsusedinindustryisfivetimes2.more(many)thantenyearsago.Large3.quantities(quantity)ofrobots，whichareeasy4.to_operate(operate)，willbeputinuseinthen