專題16閱讀理解考點3說明文（一）（2022·湖南益陽·中考真題）Doyouknowhowtocook,cleanorgrowplants?Ifnot,youwillsoon.Thesewillbepartoflabor（勞動）educationstartingthisautumn.Anewstandardforlaboreducationrecentlycameout.Studentsinprimaryandmiddleschoolwillhaveatleastonelaboreducationclassaweek.Theywilltryandexperiencedifferentkindsoflaborandlearndifferentlifeskillsandevenjobskills.Thestandardincludesdifferenttasksforeachgrade.Forexample,studentsinGrade5andGrade6willlearntocooktwoorthreemondishes,likefriedeggsoreggsoupwithtomatoes.LaboreducationcanenrichChinesestudents’life.Chineseschooleducationdidn’tpayenoughattentiontothisinthepast.Accordingtoa2019report,Chinesekidsonlydo12minutesofpracticalactivityeachday.Thenewstandardalsocallsonfamiliestotakepartinstudents’laboreducation.Theywillmakehouseworkliststohelpstudentsbemoreindependent.Besideshouseworkskills,studentswillhaveachancetotrynewtechnologieslike3Dprinting.Theywillalsolearntomaketraditionalhandicrafts（手工藝品）.1．Accordingtothepassage,whenwilllaboreducationstart?A．Thisautumn. B．Nextyear. C．Twoyearslater.2．XiaoHuawillbeinGrade6nextterm,shewill________.A．learnonlyonelifeskillB．learntocooktwoorthreemondishesC．haveatleasttwolaboreducationclassesaweek3．LaboreducationinChinacan________.A．enrichstudents’lifeB．makeparentsdomorehouseworkC．makestudentshavelessschoolwork4．Howwillfamilieshelpstudentsbemoreindependent?A．Bymakinghouseworklists.B．Bydoinghomeworkforthestudents.C．Byaskingstudentstodoeverythingathome.5．Inlaboreducationclass,whatwillstudentsNOTlearntodo?A．Try3Dprinting. B．Maketraditionalhandicrafts. C．Sellthingsonline.【答案】1．A2．B3．A4．A5．C【解析】【導語】本文主要介紹了今年秋天開始，勞動教育將成為中國教育的一部分，并列舉了中小學生需要掌握的技能。1．細節理解題。根據“Thesewillbepartoflabor（勞動）educationstartingthisautumn.”（這些將是今年秋天開始的勞動教育的一部分。）可知是在今年秋天，故選A。2．細節理解題。根據“studentsinGrade5andGrade6willlearntocooktwoorthreemondishes,”（五年級和六年級的學生將學習烹飪兩到三道普通菜）可知六年級的學生將學習烹飪兩到三道普通菜。故選B。3．細節理解題。根據“LaboreducationcanenrichChinesestudents’life.”（勞動教育可以豐富中國學生的生活。）可知勞動教育可以豐富中國學生的生活。故選A。4．細節理解題。根據“Theywillmakehouseworkliststohelpstudentsbemoreindependent.”（他們將列出家務清單，幫助學生更加獨立。）可知是列出家務清單。故選A。5．細節理解題。根據“Besideshouseworkskills,studentswillhaveachancetotrynewtechnologieslike3Dprinting.Theywillalsolearntomaketraditionalhandicrafts（手工藝品）.”（除了家務技能外，學生們還有機會嘗試3D打印等新技術。他們還將學習制作傳統手工藝品）可知會學習3D打印，學習制作傳統手工藝品。故選C。（二）（2022·湖南益陽·中考真題）InancientChina,willowbranches（柳枝）wereoftenusedasagifttofriendsandfamilymemberswhowouldleave.Doyouknowwhywillowbranchesareasymbolofsayinggoodbye?Onereasonisthatwillowtreesarestrong.Theycanliveinanysoil,wetordry,northorsouth.Becauseofthisspecialfeature,whensayinggoodbyetolovedones,givingawillowbranchisawaytotellthemyouhopetheywilleasilygetusedtotheirnewlivingenvironment.Anotherreasonisthat,inChinese,thepronunciationforthewillowtree“柳”issimilartothecharacter“留”.SogivingawillowbranchinancientChinawaslikeaskingtheotherstostay,eventhoughyouknowthattheymustleave.It’ssaidthatthiscustombecamepopularduringtheHanDynasty.Atthattime,Baqiao,abridgeinChang’an,today’sXi’an,wasamonplacetosaygoodbye.Peopleoftenstoppedthereandhandedwillowbranchestopeoplewhoweregoingtodepart.Willowbranches,asasymbolofsayinggoodbye,wereoftenmentionedinpoems,especiallyatthetimeoftheTangandSongdynasties.6．WhowerewillowbranchesoftenusedasagifttoinancientChina?A．One’sparentswhowouldstay.B．One’sfriendsandfamilymemberswhowouldleave.C．One’slovewhowouldebackafterbeingawayforalongtime.7．Accordingtothepassage,thewillowtreescanliveinanysoilbecausetheyare________.A．magic B．beautiful C．strong8．GivingawillowbranchinancientChinawaslike________.A．askingtheotherstostay B．askingtheothersforhelp C．wishingtheotherstoleave9．Theunderlinedword“depart”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”inChinese.A．返回 B．離開 C．相遇10．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Akindofstrongtree—WillowtreesB．Amonplacetosaygoodbye—BaqiaoC．Asymbolofsayinggoodbye—Willowbranches【答案】6．B7．C8．A9．B10．C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了柳枝在古代的含義。6．細節理解題。根據“InancientChina,willowbranches（柳枝）wereoftenusedasagifttofriendsandfamilymemberswhowouldleave.”可知在中國古代，柳枝經常被用來作為禮物送給即將離開的朋友和家人。故選B。7．細節理解題。根據“Onereasonisthatwillowtreesarestrong.”可知一個原因是柳樹很結實。故選C。8．細節理解題。根據“SogivingawillowbranchinancientChinawaslikeaskingtheotherstostay”可知在中國古代，送一根柳枝就像請別人留下一樣。故選A。9．詞義猜測題。根據“Peopleoftenstoppedthereandhandedwillowbranchestopeoplewhoweregoingtodepart.”可知人們經常在那里停下來，把柳枝遞給即將離開的人。由此可知depart指的是“離開”。故選B。10．最佳標題題。根據“Doyouknowwhywillowbranchesareasymbolofsayinggoodbye?”可知文章主要介紹了柳枝表示再見的含義。故選C。（三）（2022·內蒙古通遼·中考真題）HometotheyearlyWorldInternetConference(WIC),Wuzhen,awatertowninEastChina’sZhejiangProvince,hasalwaysbeenconnectedwithtechnology.Wuzhen’sPeople’sParkwasbuiltinthe1950s.Butthistraditionalparkisnowacenterwiththelatesttechnologies.Poweredbytechnologiesincluding5G,AIandAR,23interactivedisplayshavebeensetupinthepark.AnAIassistantisplacedatthepark’sentrance.Fromtheweatherforecasttothepriceofmeatandvegetables,itprovidesdailylifeinformationforthelocalpeople.SquaredancingispopularinChina.Abigscreenhasbeenputupinthepark’ssquare,anddancerscanlearnroutines(路線)fromthescreenoruseitasamusicplayer.UsingAR,dancerscanseethemselvesthroughthespecialcamera,makingthescreena“mirror”.Therubbishcansherearesmart,too.Therubbishcanopensbyitselfwhenitsensessomethingmovingnear.Itthensortstherubbishandtellsyouwhichkinditfallsin.Thevirtual(虛擬的)zoointheparkisthechildren’sfavorite.Byusingthepark’sapptoscan(掃描)thearea,visitorscancheckoutvirtualanimalsbyARcameras.Theparkisnotjustacollectionoftechnologiesputtogetherfornoreason.Alltheservicesweredesignedaccordingtopeople’sactualneeds,whichshoweduswhat“technology+”couldbelikeinthefuture.11．WhatisWuzhenfamousforaccordingtothetext?A．AR. B．Awatertown. C．Technologies. D．ThePeople’sPark.12．WhatwillyoufirstseewhenyougotoWuzhen’sPeople’sPark?A．ARcameras. B．Abigscreen. C．Smartrubbishcans. D．AnAIassistant.13．Whatwilltherubbishcandowhensomethingmovesnear?①Itopens.②Itscanspeople.③Itsortstherubbish.④Ittellspeoplewhichcantodrop.⑤Itputstherubbishpeoplethrowintherightcanbyitself.A．①③⑤ B．①③④ C．②④⑤ D．②③④14．Whydochildrenlikethevirtualzoointhepark?A．Becausetheycanusethepark’sapp.B．BecausetheycanseetheanimalsonTV.C．Becausetheycanplaymobilephonesfreely.D．Becausetheycanseemanykindsofvirtualanimalsthere.15．Whatmayourfuturelifebelikeaccordingtothetext?A．Thetechnologieswillservepeoplebetter.B．Peoplecangoanywherebycarforfree.C．AlltheAIassistantswillbehereandthere.D．Allthepeoplemustlearntechnologies.【答案】11．C12．D13．B14．D15．A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些科學技術在烏鎮的應用。11．細節理解題。根據“Wuzhen,awatertowninEastChina’sZhejiangProvince,hasalwaysbeenconnectedwithtechnology.”可知，烏鎮一直與科技聯系在一起，所以烏鎮以科技聞名。故選C。12．細節理解題。根據“AnAIassistantisplacedatthepark’sentrance.”可知，人們去烏鎮人民公園時最先映入眼簾的是一個人工智能助手。故選D。13．細節理解題。根據“Therubbishcanopensbyitselfwhenitsensessomethingmovingnear.Itthensortstherubbishandtellsyouwhichkinditfallsin.”可知，當垃圾桶感覺到附近有東西移動時，它就會自動打開。然后它會把垃圾分類，告訴人們垃圾屬于哪一類，應該扔到哪種垃圾箱。故選B。14．細節理解題。根據“Byusingthepark’sapptoscanthearea,visitorscancheckoutvirtualanimalsbyARcameras.”可知，孩子們可以通過AR攝像頭觀看各種虛擬動物，所以孩子們喜歡虛擬動物園。故選D。15．推理判斷題。根據“Alltheservicesweredesignedaccordingtopeople’sactualneeds”可知，所有的服務都是根據人們的實際需求設計的，推知科技會更好的服務人們。故選A。（四）（2022·湖南株洲·中考真題）Japanrecentlyshowedtheworld’sfirstDualModeVehicle(DMV),aminibusliketrainwhichrunsbothonroads,likeabus,andonrails,likeatrain.Itlooksjustlikeabusbutitdefinitelymakesanimpressionintermsofpracticaluse.Itrunswithnormalrubbertires(輪胎)ontheroad.Butwhenitneedstobeethetrainmode,thefronttireswillbeliftedup,andthebackwheelsstaydowntopushthevehicle.Thechangefrombustotraintakesonlyabout15seconds.“TheDMVcanworkasabusandrunontotherailwayaswell,”ShigekiMiura,CEOofAsaCoastRailway,toldReuters.“Weexpectittohelpmanyoldpeopleinthecountryside.Wealsohopeitcanattracttouristswithitsmanybeautifulcolors.”Itcancarryupto21passengersandrunataspeedof60km/hintrainmode,andupto100km/hasabus.ShigekiMiuraalsotoldthenewsreporterconfidentlythatthespecialvehiclecouldhelpsmalltownslikeKaiyowithanagingandshrinking(減少的)population.Intheseplaces,itismoreandmoredifficultforconventional(傳統的)transportationpaniestomakemoney.Inthenearfuture,manymoreDMVswillconnectseveraltowns,coveringpartofthecoastofShikokuislandandofferingpassengersprettyseasideviews.16．Accordingtothepassage,DMVis________.A．astrangebus B．anewcar C．aminibusliketrain17．WhatisthespeedofDMVasatrain?A．30km/h. B．60km/h. C．100km/h.18．WhatdoesShigekiMiurathinkofDMV?A．Itisusefulandhelpful. B．Itisbigandpopular. C．Itissafeandcheap.19．Inthenearfuture,manymoreDMVswill________.A．producesomerubbish B．helpoldpeopleinthecity C．connectseveraltowns20．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．TravelinShikokuIslandB．ABeautifulSmallJapaneseTownC．TheWorld’sFirstDualModeVehicle【答案】16．C17．B18．A19．C20．C【解析】【導語】本文主要介紹了日本生產的世界上第一輛雙模式車輛的特點和作用。16．細節理解題。根據“Japanrecentlyshowedtheworld’sfirstDualModeVehicle(DMV),aminibusliketrainwhichrunsbothonroads,likeabus,andonrails,likeatrain.”可知，DMV是一種類似于小型公共汽車的火車。故選C。17．細節理解題。根據“Itcancarryupto21passengersandrunataspeedof60km/hintrainmode,andupto100km/hasabus.”可知，DMV在列車模式下的速度是60公里/小時。故選B。18．細節理解題。根據“Weexpectittohelpmanyoldpeopleinthecountryside.”可知，ShigekiMiura認為DMV是有用的。故選A。19．細節理解題。根據“Inthenearfuture,manymoreDMVswillconnectseveraltowns,coveringpartofthecoastofShikokuislandandofferingpassengersprettyseasideviews.”可知，在不久的將來，更多的雙模式車輛將連接幾個城鎮。故選C。20．標題歸納題。通讀全文，根據“Japanrecentlyshowedtheworld’sfirstDualModeVehicle(DMV),aminibusliketrainwhichrunsbothonroads,likeabus,andonrails,likeatrain.”可知，本文主要介紹了日本生產的世界上第一輛雙模式車輛。故選C。（五）（2022·湖南株洲·中考真題）TomatoesarethemostpopularcropamongAmericanhomegardeners.Thesmellofhomegrowntomatoeswillmakeyouthinkoflovelysummers.Anadvantageofgrowingyourowntomatoesisvariety（品種豐富）.Ifyouvisitagardencenter,youwillfindseeds（種子）andsmallstarterplantsforyellowtomatoes,purpletomatoes,hugetomatoes,andevenverysmalltomatoes.Therearekindsyousimplycan’tfindatalocalfoodstore.GardenwriterJessicaDamianolovestomatoes.Infact,shecreatedandhostedTheGreatLongIslandTomatopetitionwhileworkingforalocalnewspaperinNewYork.Thecelebrationsofpeoplewholovetomatoesor“tomatophiles”continuedfor13years.Onetomatothatwasenteredintothepetitionweighedmorethan2.3kilos.Damianoalsogottomeetandspeakwiththepetitivetomatogrowerswhoraisedthewinningfruits.Itdidnottakelongforhertonoticesomemonpracticesamongthem.First,startseedsearlyindoorsandthenplantthemintolargercontainersbeforemovingthemoutdoors.Plantthemdeeplyintothesoil,about30cmabovetheground.Thiswillproducestrongplants.Then,givethetomatoesplentyofwater,softsoil,heatandlight.Itisbesttogrowtomatoesinaplacethatreceivesatleastsixhoursofsunlighteachday.Remembertoremoveweeds（雜草）becausethiscanprotecttomatoesfromdiseasesandpests,givingtheplantsenoughnutrientstoproducefruit.Lastbutnotleast,tomatoesgrowbestinsoilwithapHlevelbetween6.0and6.8.IfthepHreadingislowerthan6.0,youcanaddabout2cupsoflimeintothesoilforeachplant.Makesuretomixitdeepintothesoil.Ifyouwanttogrowreallybigtomatoes,trythosetipsfromexpertgrowersandyoumayhaveabigharvest!21．Whatisanadvantageofhomegrowntomatoes?A．Look. B．Cost. C．Variety.22．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutJessicaDamiano?A．Shecreatedandhostedatomatopetition.B．Shegrewahugetomatoweighing2.3kilos.C．Shelikedeatingtomatoesverymuch.23．Theunderlinedword“containers”inParagraph4means“________”inChinese.A．集裝箱 B．容器 C．貨柜24．Tomatoescangrowbetterif________.A．theyareplantedindoors B．theyreceiveenoughsunlight C．theygrowwithweeds25．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howtogrowtomatoesathome.B．Whypeopleliketomatoes.C．Whentoholdtomatopetitions.【答案】21．C22．A23．B24．B25．A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在家種植西紅柿的優點，西紅柿大賽的創辦以及如何在家里種植西紅柿。21．細節理解題。根據“Anadvantageofgrowingyourowntomatoesisvariety.”可知，自己種植西紅柿的一個優點是品種豐富。故選C。22．細節理解題。根據“Infact,shecreatedandhostedTheGreatLongIslandTomatopetitionwhileworkingforalocalnewspaperinNewYork.”可知，她創辦并主持了一場西紅柿比賽。故選A。23．詞句猜測題。根據“…plantthemintolargercontainersbeforemovingthemoutdoors.”可知，此處指把種子放入更大的容器內，“containers”意為“容器”。故選B。24．細節理解題。根據“Itisbesttogrowtomatoesinaplacethatreceivesatleastsixhoursofsunlighteachday.”可知，如果陽光充足，西紅柿會長得更好。故選B。25．主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是最后一段“Ifyouwanttogrowreallybigtomatoes,trythosetipsfromexpertgrowersandyoumayhaveabigharvest!”可知，本文的主旨是如何在家種植西紅柿。故選A。（六）（2022·湖南湘西·中考真題）IntheChinesehistory,writingtoolsplayanimportantrole.Amongthem,thewritingbrushisthefirstonethatshouldbepaidattentionto.ThebeginningofthewritingbrushinChinacandatebackto(追溯到)theNeolithicAge(新石器時代),whileitspopularitywasduringtheWarringStatesperiod(戰國時期).ThistooliswidelyusedinChinesewritingandpainting.Nowadays,calligraphy(書法)classesaretaughttostudentsatschool.TeachersteachstudentshowtousethewritingbrushtoenjoyandspreadtraditionalChineseculture.Thesoftbrushcancreatestrongandpowerfullinesonpaper.Butthatonlyesthroughyearsofhardwork.Ifyouwanttobeanexcellentwritingartistandbehighlypraisedbyothers,youneedtokeeppracticingforalongtimeeveryday.FormanyChineseartists,thebrushismorethanawritingtool.“Itseemsinmyblood,whenIpickupthewritingbrush,suddenlymythoughts,ideasandevenstoriesbuildarelationshipwiththebrush,”saidLiuQinghe,afamousChineseartist.Withagoodwritingbrush,whenweputourideasintoit,wegiveitlife.26．Amongwritingtools,________isthefirstonethatshouldbepaidattentionto.A．paper B．ink C．thewritingbrush27．WhattimecanthewritingbrushinChinadatebackto?A．TheNeolithicAge. B．TheWarringStatesperiod. C．TheSpringandAutumnperiod.28．Whichofthefollowingcandescribethelinescreatedbythewritingbrush?A．Weakandcareful. B．Strongandpowerful. C．Straightandbeautiful.29．Whydotheteachersteachstudentshowtousethewritingbrush?A．Totellallstudentstousethewritingbrushoutofclass.B．ToenjoyandspreadtraditionalChineseculture.C．Tohelpstudentsgethighgradesinexaminations.30．Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A．Ifyouwanttobeanexcellentwritingartist,youneedtokeeppracticing.B．Calligraphyclassesaren’ttaughttostudentsatschoolnow.C．ThewritingbrushisonlywidelyusedinChinesewriting.【答案】26．C27．A28．B29．B30．A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國傳統文化中重要的一部分——毛筆。它歷史悠久，屬于文房四寶之一，至今仍深受人們的喜愛。26．細節理解題。根據“Amongthem,thewritingbrushisthefirstonethatshouldbepaidattentionto.”可知寫字工具中毛筆是首先要被注意的。故選C。27．細節理解題。根據“ThebeginningofthewritingbrushinChinacandatebacktotheNeolithicAge,whileitspopularitywasduringtheWarringStatesperiod.”可知中國毛筆的起源可以追溯到新石器時代。故選A。28．細節理解題。根據“Thesoftbrushcancreatestrongandpowerfullinesonpaper.”可知毛筆勾勒出的線條可以是強有力的。故選B。29．細節理解題。根據“TeachersteachstudentshowtousethewritingbrushtoenjoyandspreadtraditionalChineseculture.”可知老師們教學生使用毛筆是為了欣賞和傳播中國傳統文化。故選B。30．細節理解題。根據“Butthatonlyesthroughyearsofhardwork.Ifyouwanttobeanexcellentwritingartistandbehighlypraisedbyothers,youneedtokeeppracticingforalongtimeeveryday.”可知如果你想成為一名優秀的寫作藝術家，你需要不斷練習。故選A。（七）（2022·遼寧大連·中考真題）①Otters(水猴)arecutewateranimals.Recently,therehasbeenatrend(趨勢)ofkeepingthemaspets.InJapan,some“ottercafes”areopenforbusiness.Peoplecanpaytoplaywiththeottersthereandtotakephotoswiththem.InIndonesia,peoplegoswimmingwiththeirpetottersandtake“funny”videos.Thesephotosandvideospostedonlinehaveattractedmorepeopletobuyottersaspets.②However,thesephotosandvideosmaskthefactthattheonlinetradeisdoingharmtootters.Inthewild,babyottersusuallystaywiththeirmothersduringtheirfirstyearoflife.Accordingtoareport,70percentofotterssoldonlineareunderayearold.Thesebabyottershavebeenstolenfromtheirmothers.Whenthey’rekeptaspetsbyhumans,theydonotlivefull,naturallives.③Ottersareverysocial(群居的).Theyliveinfamilygroupsofuptofifteeninthewild.Keepinganotterasapetcanmakeitverysadandlonely.Theseanimalsalsoneedenoughspacetoswim.Theirowners’bathtubs(浴缸)orpoolsaremuchsmallerthanthebodiesofwaterinthewild.④Ontheotherhand,itisnotwisetokeepottersaspetsathome.Theyhaveaveryspecialfishysmell.Ifthey’rekeptindoors,theywillleavealotofdroppingsaroundthehouse.Thiswouldmakethesmellevenmoreunpleasant.Besides,whenottersareupset,theywillmakeloudnoisesandevenattack(攻擊)people.Ifapersonisbittenbyanotter,heorsheneedstogotothehospitalimmediately.⑤So,whatcanwedotostoptheotterpettrade?Well,oneofthemainwaysistoletmorepeopleknowthatottersshouldnotbekeptaspets.Weshouldalsokeepaneyeononlinepostsabouttheseanimals.Whenphotosandvideosshowbabyottersbeingkeptorsoldaspets,don’tsharethem.31．Peopleliketokeepottersaspetsbecausetheyare________.A．lonely B．cute C．friendly D．quiet32．Theunderlinedword“mask”hastheclosestmeaningto________.A．show B．protect C．hide D．change33．Becauseoftheonlinepettrade,otters________.A．mayoftenfallill B．can’tliveasociallife C．havenofoodtoeat D．havenoplacetoswim34．WhatdoesParagraph④mainlytellus?A．Ottersdon’tmakegoodpets. B．Ottersaredangeroustopeople.C．Ottersmayliveahardlifeaspets. D．Ottersoftenmakeamessintheroom.35．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Tostoppeoplefromkeepingpetsathome.B．Tointroducethewaysofprotectingpetotters.C．Toshowthefactsoftheonlineotterpettrade.D．Totellpeopletosaynototheotterpettrade.【答案】31．B32．C33．B34．A35．D【解析】【導語】本文主要介紹了可愛的水動物——水猴的生活習性，同時呼吁人們停止水猴寵物交易。31．細節理解題。根據“Ottersarecutewateranimals.Recently,therehasbeenatrendofkeepingthemaspets.”可知人們喜歡養水猴當寵物，因為它們很可愛，故選B。32．詞義猜測題。根據“thefactthattheonlinetradeisdoingharmtootters.”可推知照片和視頻掩蓋了對水猴造成傷害這個事實，所以mask應該是“隱藏，隱瞞”。故選C。33．細節理解題。根據“Ottersareverysocial.Theyliveinfamilygroupsofuptofifteeninthewild.Keepingano1terasapetcanmakeitverysadandlonely.”可知因為網上寵物交易，水猴無法過群居生活，故選B。34．段落大意題。根據“Ontheotherhand,itisnotwisetokeepottersaspetsathome.Theyhaveaveryspecialfishysmell....Besides,whenottersareupset,theywillmakeloudnoisesandevenattackpeople.Ifapersonisbittenbyanotter,heorsheneedstogotothehospitalimmediately.”（另一方面，把水猴當作寵物養在家里是不明智的。它們有一種特別的魚腥味……此外，當水猴不高興時，它們會發出很大的噪音，甚至攻擊人。如果一個人被水猴咬傷，他或她需要立即去醫院。）可知第④段主要講水猴不是好寵物。故選A。35．推理判斷題。根據“So,whatcanwedotostoptheotterpettrade?Well,oneofthemainwaysistoletmorepeopleknowthatottersshouldnotbekeptaspets.”（那么，我們能做些什么來阻止水猴寵物貿易呢？嗯，一個主要的方法是讓更多的人知道水猴不應該被當作寵物飼養。）可推知這篇文章主要目的是呼吁人們停止水猴寵物交易，故選D。（八）（2022·遼寧沈陽·中考真題）Wouldyoutryfoodmadeofrubbish?WhenworldleadersgottogetherattheUNforameetingonclimate(氣候)change,theyhadaspeciallunch.Thefoodwasmadefromsomethingthatmostofuswouldthrowaway.Therewasasaladmadeofvegetablescraps(剩菜葉).Theleadersalsohadhamburgersmadeoffruitleftoverfromjuicing.TheUNsaidthisremindedpeopleaboutfoodwasteandthebadinfluenceithasonclimatechange.“Foodwasteisnotoftennoticedinclimatechange,andthatisshamefulwhensomanypeopleareinhunger.”saidagovernmentsecretary.Mostpeopledon’tevenrealizehowmuchfoodtheythrowawayeveryday.Sometimestheycooktoomuchortheydon’tuseitintime.Everyyearmorethanonethirdofallfoodproducedworldwidegoestowaste,accordingtotheUN.Stopthewaste,andthewholeworldcouldsave$300billionfromwastedfood.Moreimportantly,itcouldalsodolessharmtotheenvironment.Thinkaboutabagofcheese(奶酪).Beforewebuyitatthestore,peoplehavetoraisethecows,dealwiththemilk,anddrivetotheshoptosellthecheese.Ifyouthrowthecheeseaway,youhavewastedenergy,fuel(燃料)andwater,whichgiveoutgreenhousegasesthataddtoglobalwarming.TheUNsaidifwestopthrowinggoodfoodaway,wecouldcutdownupto17milliontonsofCO?.Thegoodofthatwouldbethesameastakingoneineveryfourcarsofftheroad.36．Whydidthewriterthinkthelunchwasspecial?A．Becausethevegetablesweremadeintojuice.B．Becausetheleadershadasaladandhamburgers.C．Becausefoodwascookedfromsomethingthrownaway.D．Becausethelunchwaspreparedwithdifferentfreshfruits.37．Whatdoesfoodwasteinfluenceatlast?A．Fuel. B．Cars. C．Cows. D．Climate.38．Whatcanyouinfer(推斷)fromthetext?A．Evensmallactionscanhelpmakeourworldbetter.B．Weshouldbuyabagofcheesefromthesupermarket.C．Mostpeoplehavealreadypaidattentiontofoodwaste.D．Savingfoodismoreimportantthandrivingcarslessoften.39．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A．Cheese—Healthyforpeople B．Ameeting—TraditionalattheUNC．Foodwaste—Badfortheenvironment D．Greenhousegases—DangeroustotheEarth【答案】36．C37．D38．A39．C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹目前的食物浪費現象，呼吁我們節約糧食。36．細節理解題。根據“Thefoodwasmadefromsomethingthatmostofuswouldthrowaway.”可知，這些食物是由我們大多數人會扔掉的東西制成的。故選C。37．細節理解題。根據“Ifyouthrowthecheeseaway,youhavewastedenergy,fuelandwater,whichgiveoutgreenhousegasesthataddtoglobalwarming.”可知，如果你把奶酪扔掉，你就浪費了能源、燃料和水，釋放出加劇全球變暖的溫室氣體。所以食物浪費最后會影響氣候。故選D。38．推理判斷題。根據第三段內容可知，生活中我們煮的食物過多就會導致浪費，如果我們不浪費，除了減少食物浪費外，還可以減少對環境的傷害。由此推知，即使是像不要煮過多食物這樣小的行為，也能讓我們的世界變得更美好。故選A。39．最佳標題題。本文主要介紹目前的食物浪費現象，呼吁我們節約糧食。“食物浪費——對環境有害”符合主題。故選C。（九）（2022·山東日照·中考真題）Whenyoudosomerunning,youhavealotofenergywhichesfromthemovementofyourbody.Whenyousuddenlystop,yourbodylosesthisenergy.Wealreadyhavewatchesandsmallmedicaldevises(設備)whichcanuseenergythatwemakewhenwemove.Inthefuture,peoplelikepoliceofficersandsoldiersmayweardevicesontheirlegsto“catch”thislostenergyandkeepitinbatteries(電池).Theycouldusethepowerforputers,radiosorotherdevices.InDecember2008,mostpeoplewalkingacrossHachikoSquare,Tokyo,probablydidnotnoticefouryellowsquaresontheroadastheyhurriedtowork.Thesquaresweremadeofspecialmaterialsthatmakeelectricitywhentheychangeshape.Whenpeoplestoodonthesquares,theshapeofthematerialschangedandtheyproducedelectricity.Thesquareswereonlytherefortwentydays,butinthattimetheyproducedenoughpowertomakeaTVwork1,400hours!ImagineputtingthesesquaresunderallthestreetsinTokyo.Oneday,wemayturnourstreetsintopowerstations!Wecanalsousebodyheat.Everyday,250,000peopleuseStockholm’sCentralStation.Theyeatanddrink,carryheavybags,andruntocatchtrains—andtheirbodiesproducealotofheatwhentheydothesethings.Insidethestation,theheatistakenfromtheairandusedtoheatwaterforanearbybuilding.Itisagreatwaytogetfreeenergy—allyouneedisalotofpeople.40．Whatprovidesenergyforthewatchesandsmallmedicaldevices?A．Electricityinbatteries. B．Bodymovement.C．Powerstations. D．Bodytemperature.41．Thematerialsinthefoursquaresproduceelectricitybychangingthe_________.A．shape B．color C．weight D．direction42．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Thehightemperature. B．Thehotwaterservice.C．Theuseofbodyheat. D．Thecrowdedstation.43．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Peoplepowerismadegooduseofnow.B．It’seasytoturnstreetsintopowerstations.C．Theuseofpeoplepowerhasabrightfuture.D．Thewriterdoubtstheuseofpeoplepower.【答案】40．B41．A42．C43．C【解析】【導語】本文主要介紹了得到免費能源的幾種方式。40．細節理解題。根據“Whenyoudosomerunning,youhavealotofenergywhichesfromthemovementofyourbody”及“Wealreadyhavewatchesandsmallmedicaldevises(設備)whichcanuseenergythatwemakewhenwemove”可知，身體移動時獲得的能量給它們提供能量，故選B。41．細節理解題。根據“Thesquaresweremadeofspecialmaterialsthatmakeelectricitywhentheychangeshape”可知，改變形狀時產生電，故選A。42．主旨大意題。根據“Wecanalsousebodyheat”可知，本段主要介紹了身體熱量的用處，故選C。43．推理判斷題。根據“Itisagreatwaytogetfreeenergy—allyouneedisalotofpeople.”可知，作者認為這是免費獲取能量的好方法，只需要許多人就可以做到，由此可推斷作者對于人體能量使用的發展抱有很大希望，故選C。（十）（2022·山東日照·中考真題）Afterwork,yougobackhome,openanapp,placeyourorder,andwaitforyourfoodtobedelivered(投遞)yourhome.ThisishowmanyyoungpeopleeatinChinathesedays.AccordingtothelatestreportfromtheChinaInternetNetworkInformationCenter.421millionChinesepeopleuseonlinefooddeliveryservices.That’sjusthalfofthetotalnumberofInternetusersinChina.Whichgroupofpeopleisorderingfoodonlinethemost?Forsure,itismainlyyoungpeople.ArecentreportbyMeituan,afooddeliveryservice,showedthat86.3%oftheservice’susersarebetween20and34yearsold.Thesepeoplearethemainforcedrivingthedevelopmentofthefooddeliveryindustry.Smallfamiliesdependlargelyonfooddeliveryservices,Chinesefamilieshavechangedinsizeoverthepasttenyears.In2002,only7.7%offamilieshaveonlyoneperson.Butthisnumberincreasedto15.6%in2017.Twopersonfamiliesrosefrom18.4%in2002to27.2%in2017.Forsmallfamilies,cookingalwaystakesalotoftimeandenergy,soorderingfoodonlinehasbeemorepopular.TheimprovementofChina’sfooddeliveryserviceshasalsomademorecu