Unit4SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructures語法精講·思維構建不定式作定語和狀語【語法感知】觀察并還原下列課文原句中缺少的成分1.Lookingupatthestars,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhard______(find)answers.

2.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld_____(go)intospace.

3.America’sNASAspaceagencylaunchedVoyager1on5September1977

_______(study)deepspace,anditstilltransmitsdatatoday.

4.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesire

_________(explore)theuniverseneverdied.

tofindtogotostudytoexplore5.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependently____(send)humansintospacein2003.

6.Morerecently,ChinahassentChang’e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoon_______(make)measurementsandobservations.

sendtomake【歸納填空】【語法精講】一、不定式作定語1.不定式作定語,修飾名詞或代詞,不定式和它所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的動賓關系、主謂關系、動狀關系或同位關系。不定式通常要放在這些被修飾的詞后。*Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有許多作業(yè)要做。(動賓關系)*Heisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.他是第一個想到這個主意的人。(主謂關系)*Ihavenotimetogothere.我沒有時間去那里。(動狀關系)*Hehasgotachancetogoabroad.他有一個出國的機會。(同位關系)【名師點津】(1)不定式與其所修飾的詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系,而該不定式為不及物動詞時,其后須加上適當的介詞。*Iamlookingforaroomtolivein.我正在找一間屋子住。

(2)當作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時,不定式既可以用主動形式,也可用被動形式,但其含義有所不同。*Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么東西要寄嗎?(不定式tosend的動作執(zhí)行者是“你”)*Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎?(不定式tobesent的動作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”)2.不定式作定語的幾種情況:(1)不定式作定語可以表示將來的動作。Agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith.一個好的喬遷派對禮物是用來裝飾新房子的東西。*I’mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinusinthe“ForeignStudentsTellChineseStories”tobeheldinourschool.我寫信邀請你和我們一起參加將在我們學校舉辦的“外國學生講中國故事”的活動。(2)序數詞,形容詞最高級,thelast,theonly等詞后或被這些詞修飾的名詞/代詞后,且與中心詞之間為邏輯上的主謂關系時,常用不定式作定語。JenniferMauerbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor’sdegree.JenniferMauer成為她那個大家庭中第一個獲得學士學位的人。(3)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時,常用不定式作定語。常見的該類名詞有:plan,ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.這對飯店和商店這樣的生意很有用,因為它提供了新的吸引顧客的方法。【即學活用】單句語法填空(1)Asaneditor,theability_____(use)thecomputerisimportant.

(2)Carolwashappythatshehadthechance____________(experience)thelifeinthecity.

(3)(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialparty_________(hold)whensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.

(4)Thesecoursesofferusopportunities__________(improve)ourabilitiestoappreciateart.

tousetoexperiencetobeheldtoimprove二、動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式在句中作狀語,主要用來修飾動詞和形容詞,也可用來修飾副詞。在句中,不定式可作目的狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語、條件狀語等,可表示目的、原因及結果等。1.目的狀語,置于句首或句末,置于句首時常表示強調。為加強語氣,常與inorder或soas組成短語。Togainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.為了從鍛煉中獲取最大的健康益處,(鍛煉前)不吃早餐是明智的。2.原因狀語,多見于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”結構中。*Ifso,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.如果這樣的話,你可能會很驚訝地發(fā)現圖書館已經變得更好了。3.結果狀語,多見于“too...to”;“enoughto...”;onlytodo(表示意料之外的結果的發(fā)生);so/such...asto(意為“如此……以至于……”)結構中。*Youmustfeelveryupsetforyoutogettomyofficeontime,onlytofindmefailtoarrive.你按時到達我的辦公室,結果卻發(fā)現我不在,你一定感到很沮喪。現在分詞與不定式作結果狀語的區(qū)別(1)動詞不定式作結果狀語強調的是一種意想不到的結果。*Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlytofinditdidn’tfit.她焦急地從包裹中取出裙子,然后試穿了一下,結果發(fā)現它不合身。(2)現在分詞作結果狀語強調的是一種順承的,必然造成的結果。*What’sworse,manyofthehouseswereseriouslydamaged,leavingover100peoplehomeless.更糟糕的是,很多房子破壞嚴重,使100多人無家可歸。4.獨立動詞不定式多用作插入語,表示說話人的心理狀態(tài)或對事情的看法。*Tomakemattersworse,e-dictionariesmeanmorepollutionthanpaperdictionaries.更糟糕的是,電子辭典比傳統紙質詞典污染更嚴重。【即學活用】單句語法填空(1Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheevening______(help)withherkids.

(2)Nowmosthomeshavecentralheatinganddon’tusefires_______(keep)warm.

(3)Wouldyoubesokindas_______(spare)sometimetocomeandjoinus?

(4)Iamhonored_________(deliver)aspeechattheopeningceremonyonbehalfofourschool.

(5)___________(promote)students’senseofsocialresponsibility,moraleducationandsomerelatedactivitiesshouldbestrengthened.

tohelptokeeptosparetodeliverTopromoteⅠ.單句語法填空1.Iamtoparticipateinthe“ToClassic-BrilliantYouth”ReadingCompetition_________(hold)nextmonth.

2.Andthebestway____________(strengthen)willpoweristomakeitintoahabit.

3.Chinaisthethirdcountryintheworld_______(send)menintospace.

4.Ihavesomethingimportant_____(tell)you.

5.WewilltraveltonorthernFrance______(visit)theWorldWarⅠbattlefields.

6.Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

tobeheldtostrengthentosendtotelltovisittobecompleted7.Mygrandmotherwokeup,only______(find)everybodyhadgone.

8.Iranallthewaysoasnot_____(be)latefortheimportantmeeting.

9._______(save)energy,weturnoffthelightsforEarthHouronthelastSaturdayinMarch.

10.I’mglad_______(share)withyousomeinformationabouttheexhibitionofChineseNewYearpaintings.

tofindtobeTosavetoshareⅡ.完成句子1.Heisalwaysthefirst________________andthelast_____________.

他總是第一個到校,最后一個離校。2.Theboyworkedveryhard________________________.

這個男孩非常努力,為的是彌補失去的時間。3.Ihadadream_____intheskylikeabird.

我做了一個夢,夢到自己像鳥兒一樣在天空中飛翔。4.Withsomanyproblemstosolve,mybrotherwastooworried_____________.

有太多的問題去處理,我哥哥擔憂得吃不下任何東西。toarriveatschooltoleaveschooltomakeupforthelosttimetoflytoeatanything5.IhurriedtoProfessorWang’shouse,only________________.

我匆忙趕到王教授的家,可是卻發(fā)現他外出了。6.Weturnedthelightsoffsoas____________________.

為了不浪費電,我們關了那些燈。tofindhewasoutnottowasteelectricity【語法主題應用】李華正在和同學張青談論他的宇航員夢想,請根據語境和提示完成對話。Zhang:I1.___________________(很高興得知)youareinterestedinthespaceexploration.

Li:Indeed,I