PAGEPAGE1Module5NewspapersandMagazines高考題型分組訓練閱讀理解板塊訓練——重細微環節，練速度(限時：35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·太原市高三年級模擬)UrbanTransportationinCanadaPublictransportation&TransitpassesAllcitiesandmostmajortownsinCanadahaveapublictransportationsystemwithoneormoremodesoftransportation(bus,subway,train,etc.).ThebusisthemostcommonformofurbantransportationinCanada.Tousepublictransportation,youmustpurchaseaticketoratransitpass.Transitpassesallowyouunlimiteduseofpublictransportationforaspecificperiod(onemonthormore).Theyareusuallycheaperthanbuyingmanyticketsifyouplantousepublictransportationoften.TransportationforpeoplewithdisabilitiesPublictransportationoftenhasfeaturestoassistpeoplewithdisabilities.Inmanycitiesandtowns,therearealsotransportationservicesavailablespecificallyforpeoplewithlimitedmobility,suchasspeciallyequippedbuses.Youcanfindoutabouttheseservicesinthesamewayyouwouldlearnmoreaboutotherpublictransportationoptions.EtiquetteonpublictransportationWhentakingpublictransportationsuchasabusortrain,itisimportanttounderstandtheunspokenrulesofconductinthesharedspace.Hereareafewthingstonote：◆Bepoliteandrespectfultoothersaroundyou.Forexample,maintainanappropriatenoiselevelwhentalkingormakingaphonecall.◆Ifyouarecarryingabackpackoralargeshoulderbaginacrowdedpublictransitvehicle,keepitclosetoyou,preferablyatyourfeettoavoidhittingpeoplewithitasyouwalkby.◆Avoidpushingortouchingothersinordertomakemoreroomforyourself.Sometimespublictransitcanbecomeverycrowded,butitisimportanttokeepcalmandgiveothersappropriatepersonalspace.◆Haveyourproofofpaymentaccessibleincaseyouareaskedtoshowit.語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了加拿大的公共交通方式和交通卡、公共交通為殘疾人供應的服務及在公共交通工具上應留意的一些禮儀。1．Whatistheadvantageofusingtransitpassesoverbuyingtickets?A．Safertrips. B．Longerservicehours.C．Lowercosts. D．Moreuseoftransport.[解析]細微環節理解題。依據第一段中的“Transitpassesallowyouunlimiteduseofpublictransportationforaspecificperiod(onemonthormore).Theyareusuallycheaperthanbuyingmanyticketsifyouplantousepublictransportationoften”可知，交通卡可以在特定時間段內無限次運用，因此假如常常運用公共交通工具的話，運用交通卡(transitpasses)會更便宜，故選C項。[答案]C2．Howdoesthetransportationsystemhelppeoplewithdisabilities?A．Byrunningspecialtransportservices.B．Byofferingfewertransportationoptions.C．Bylimitingtheirmobilityoncitybuses.D．Byprovidingfreeridesintownsandcities.[解析]細微環節理解題。依據其次段中的“Inmanycitiesandtowns,therearealsotransportationservicesavailablespecificallyforpeoplewithlimitedmobility,suchasspeciallyequippedbuses”可知，交通系統可以為殘疾人供應特別的交通服務，故選A項。[答案]A3．Whatisconsideredimpoliteonpublictransportation?A．Loweringyourspeakingvoice.B．Placingbackpacksatyourfeet.C．Stayingclosetootherpassengers.D．Havingyourproofofpaymentathand.[解析]細微環節理解題。依據第六段中的“Avoidpushingortouchingothersinordertomakemoreroomforyourself.”及“itisimportanttokeepcalmandgiveothersappropriatepersonalspace”可知，在公共交通工具上要避開觸遇到他人，為他人留出適當的個人空間，因此C項(和其他乘客靠得很近)是不禮貌的，故選C項。[答案]CB(2024·南昌市第一次模擬測試)WhenIwasfiveorsixyearsold,IrememberwatchingTVandseeingotherchildrensufferinotherpartsoftheworld.Iwouldsaytomyself,“WhenIgrowup,whenIcangetrich,Iwillsavekidsallovertheworld.\”At17,IstartedmycareerhereinAmerica,andbytheageof18,Istartedmyfirstcharityorganization.Iwentontoteamupwithotherorganizationsinthefollowingyears,andmet,helped,andevenlostsomeofthemostbeautifulsouls,fromsix－year－oldJasminaAnemawhopassedawayin2010fromleukemia(白血病),andwhosestoryinspiredthousandstovolunteerasdonors,tomygrandmother,wholostherbattlewithcancerin2012,andherdeathistheveryreasonandthedrivingforcebehindtheClaraLionelFoundation(CLF).We'reallhuman.Andwealljustwantachance:achanceatlife,achanceineducation,achanceatafuture,really.AndatCLF,ourmissionistoimpactasmanylivesaspossible,butitstartswithjustone.Peoplemakeitseemtoohardtodocharitywork.Thetruthis,youdon'thavetoberichtohelpothers.Youdon'tneedtobefamous.Youdon'tevenhavetobecollege－educated.Butitstartswithyourneighbor,thepersonrightnexttoyou,thepersonsittingnexttoyouinclass,thekiddowntheblockinyourneighborhood.Youjustdowhateveryoucantohelpinanywaythatyoucan.Andtoday,Iwanttochallengeeachofyoutomakeacommitmenttohelponeperson，oneorganization，onesituationthattouchesyourheart.Mygrandmotheralwaysusedtosay,“Ifyou'vegotadollar,there'splentytoshare.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。小時候在電視中看到世界的一些地方遭遇困苦的孩子時，“我”便下定決心長大后要幫助他們；十八歲時“我”創立了自己的第一個慈善組織。慈善無關貧富，無關名譽，無關教化背景；從幫助身邊的人做起，你將成就你的事業。4．Whatdidtheauthorwanttodoatayoungage?A．WatchTV. B．Growupquickly.C．Becomewealthy. D．Helpotherchildren.[解析]細微環節理解題。依據第一段中的其次句“Iwouldsaytomyself,‘WhenIgrowup,whenIcangetrich,Iwillsavekidsallovertheworld.’”并結合第一段內容可知，小時候在電視中看到受苦的孩子，作者想要在長大后幫助他們，故D項正確。[答案]D5．WhatdirectlycausedtheauthortocreateanddeveloptheCLF?A．Asix－year－oldkid'srequest.B．Hergrandmother'sdeathofcancer.C．Manyvolunteers'inspiration.D．Otherorganizations'encouragement.[解析]細微環節理解題。依據其次段其次句中的“tomygrandmother,wholostherbattlewithcancerin2012,andherdeathistheveryreasonandthedrivingforcebehindtheClaraLionelFoundation(CLF)”可知，在2012年，祖母不敵癌癥病魔而去世，這促使作者成立了克拉拉·萊昂內爾基金會(CLF)。據此可知，是作者的祖母患癌癥去世這件事促使了作者成立并發展了克拉拉·萊昂內爾基金會(CLF)，故B項正確。[答案]B6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”inParagraph2referto?A．Achance. B．Atask.C．Alife. D．Anorganization.[解析]代詞指代題。依據其次段的最終一句“AndatCLF,ourmissionistoimpactasmanylivesaspossible,butitstartswithjustone”可知，在克拉拉·萊昂內爾基金會中，我們的任務是盡可能影響更多的生命，但這個任務從影響一個人的生命起先。依據該句中的“asmanylivesaspossible”，結合“but...justone”可知，畫線詞one指代“alife”，故C項正確。[答案]C7．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?A．Dolittlethingstohelpthosearoundthem.B．Workhardtogetacollegeeducation.C．Challengetheirfriendstoofferhelp.D．Docharityworkwhoeveryouare.[解析]推理推斷題。依據第三段中的第五句“Butitstartswithyourneighbor,thepersonrightnexttoyou,thepersonsittingnexttoyouinclass,thekiddowntheblockinyourneighborhood”可知，慈善幫助可以從幫助你的鄰居起先，幫助現在在你身邊的人起先，幫助上課時坐在你旁邊的人起先，幫助你家旁邊街區上的小孩起先。據此可以推斷，作者建議慈善從幫助身邊的人做起，故A項正確。[答案]AC(2024·廣州市綜合測試)Thebeliefthatnewtechnologiesarecausingthedeathofworkistheideathatnevergoesaway.Despiteevidencetothecontrary,westillviewtechnologicalchangetodayasbeingmorerapidanddramaticinitsconsequencesforworkthaneverbefore.Butthisisnothingnew.Peoplehavealwaysviewedthetechnologicalchangethattakesplaceduringtheirlivesasthemostdramaticanddangerousthateverhappenedinhistory.Inthe1930s,theBritisheconomist(經濟學家)JohnMaynardKeynespredictedthewidespreaduseofelectricitywouldproduceaworldwherepeoplespendmostoftheirtimedoingnothing.IntheUnitedStatesduringthe1960s,thegovernmentrepeatedlyinvestigatedfearsthatautomaticmachineswouldpermanentlyreducetheamountofworkavailable.In1988,oneAustralianhistorianclaimedthatatleastaquarteroftheworkforcewouldbewithoutjobswithin10yearsbecauseofcomputers.Ofcourse,noneofthesedisasterscametopassintheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStatesandAustralia,oranywhereelse.Yettoday,weareseeingthereturnofthesepredictions,withsomeexpertsclaimingtheworldofworkisoncemoreundergoingradicalandunprecedentedchange.Theyarguethatrobotsandotherworkplacetechnologiesarecausingareductioninthetotalamountofworkavailable,orarebringingamorerapidpaceofsubstitutionofmachinesforhumansthantheonethathasbeenseenpreviously.Butthereisalittleevidencetosupportsuchbeliefs.Statisticsshowthatthepercentageofpeopleinwork,thenumberofhourstheywork,andhowfrequentlytheychangejobshaveremainedremarkablyconstantoverthepast20years.Thisstabilityshouldnotcomeasasurprise.Therearegoodreasonswhyweshouldnotexpectnewtechnologiestocausethedeathofwork.Newtechnologiesalwayscausejoblosses,butthatisonlypartofthestory.Whatalsoneedstobeunderstoodishowtheyincreasetheamountofworkavailable.Onewaythishappensisthroughtheincreasesinincomesthataccompanytheuseofnewtechnologies.Withtheintroductionofthesetechnologies,goodsandservicescanbeproducedfaster,whichresultsinhigherrealincomesforworkers.Higherincomesthenincreasedemandforotherproductsandconsequentlymoreworkersareneededtomakethem.Additionally,whilenewtechnologiesarelikelytosubstituteforsometypesofworkers,theywillalsoincreasedemandforothertypesofworkers,especiallythosewithhigher－levelskillsandexpertise.So,theendofworkisnoclosertodaythanatanytimeinthepast.Butthereisstillaneedtokeepdisprovingthepredictionandtoreducepeople'sfears.語篇解讀：本文是一篇爭論文。歷史上曾經發生過多次預料技術的發展導致人們失業的事情，現在這個論調又被提起；數據顯示，事實上新技術的發展并沒有導致工作總量的削減。8．Whatisthefunctionofthesecondparagraph?A．Toexplaintheimportanceofdevelopingnewtechnologies.B．Toshowhowthetechnologyaffectedemploymentinthepast.C．Toarguethattechnologicaldangersarebecomingmoreserious.D．Togivehistoricalexamplesofunnecessaryfearsaboutnewtechnologies.[解析]細微環節理解題。通讀其次段可知，該段列舉了英國經濟學家、美國政府和澳大利亞歷史學家的預料，時間分別為20世紀30年頭、20世紀60年頭和1988年，他們都預料新技術的發展會導致工作職位的削減；由第三段“Ofcourse,noneofthesedisasterscametopassintheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStatesandAustralia,oranywhereelse”可知，所預料的這些狀況都沒有發生；據此可以推斷，該段旨在舉例說明我們沒有必要擔憂新技術的發展，故D項正確。[答案]D9．Howcanemploymentstatisticsoverthepast20yearsbestbedescribed?A．Confusing. B．Reliable.C．Stable. D．Variable.[解析]推理推斷題。依據第五段的其次句“Statisticsshowthatthepercentageofpeopleinwork,thenumberofhourstheywork,andhowfrequentlytheychangejobshaveremainedremarkablyconstantoverthepast20years”可知，就業統計數據顯示，在過去的二十年里，工作人員的比例、工作時間和換工作的頻率始終保持著驚人的穩定；據此可以推斷，在過去的二十年里，就業統計數據是穩定的。C項意為“穩定的”，故C項正確。[答案]C10．AccordingtoParagraph7,whydoesdemandforotherproductsoftenincreaseafternewtechnologiesareintroduced?A．Therearemoregoodsforpeopletochoosefrom.B．Thereismoredemandfornewskillsintheeconomy.C．Productivityimprovementshelpraiseworkers'salaries.D．Higherqualitygoodsatlowerpricesencourageconsumption.[解析]細微環節理解題。依據第七段的其次、第三句“Withtheintroductionofthesetechnologies,goodsandservicescanbeproducedfaster,whichresultsinhigherrealincomesforworkers.Higherincomesthenincreasedemandforotherproductsandconsequentlymoreworkersareneededtomakethem”可知，隨著新技術的引入，商品生產更快，從而使工人的實際收入得到了提高；更高的收入會增加人們對其他產品的需求，因此須要更多的工人來生產這些產品。據此可知，生產效率的提高使工人的工資上漲，這是產品需求增加的緣由，故C項正確。[答案]C11．Whatistheauthor'sopinionabouttheintroductionofnewtechnologies?A．Itdoesnothaveaneffectonmostpeople'sjobs.B．Itsbenefitsareusuallynotworththeintroduction.C．Itusuallyleadstoasignificantincreaseinemployment.D．Itsdangertopeople'semploymentpossibilitiesisoverstated.[解析]推理推斷題。依據最終一段“So,theendofworkisnoclosertodaythanatanytimeinthepast.Butthereisstillaneedtokeepdisprovingthepredictionsandtoreducepeople'sfears”可知，作者認為人們夸大了引進新技術對失業的影響，故D項正確。[答案]DD(2024·長沙市、南昌市部分學校第一次聯合模擬)Watchingwhatyoueatcanbeeasiersaidthandone,butarecentstudyshowsitmightnotjustbeaboutwhat'sonyourplate—itcouldbeabouthowquicklyitdisappears.Japaneseresearchersfollowed1,083adultsforfiveyears,splittingthemintothreecategoriesbasedonhowquicklytheyate:slow,normal,andfast.Theyalsoansweredaquestionnaireatthebeginningofthestudy,sharingtheirdiet,physicalactivity,andmedicalhistory.Inthebeginning,noneofthevolunteershadmetabolicsyndrome(新陳代謝綜合征)—meaningatleastthreeriskfactors—whichcanleadtohealthproblemslikeheartconditionsanddiabetes.Whentheparticipantsreportedbackfiveyearslater,84hadbeendiagnosed(診斷)withmetabolicsyndrome—andtheireatingspeedwasamajorpredictor,accordingtotheresultsinthejournalCirculation.Thefasteaterswere89percentmorelikelytohavemetabolicsyndromethanslowandnormaleaters.Just2.3percentofsloweatersreceivedthediagnosis,comparedto11.6percentoffasteaters.Butthat'snotall.Fasteatersalsosawmoreweightgain,largerwaistlines,andhigherbloodsugarlevelsthansloweaters.Theresearcherssaygobblingmakesiteasiernottotakenoticeoffullnessbeforeyourbodyhasachancetosignalyoutostop.“Sowhenpeopleeatfasttheyaremorelikelytoovereat，”saidTakayukiYamaji,MD,studyauthorandcardiologistatHiroshimaUniversityinJapaninastatement.Previousresearchbacksuptheweightbenefitsofsloweating,too.OnestudyofNewZealandwomenfoundfasteatershavehigherbody－massindexes(指數),andaChinesestudyfoundthatbothhealthyandfatmenatelesswhentoldtochew40timesinsteadof15timesbeforeswallowing.Initialresearchevensuggestschewingyourfoodlongercouldburnmorecalories—uptoabout1,000extraeverymonth.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。不只吃什么影響健康，吃的速度也影響健康。12．Whataretheparticipantsdividedby?A．Medicalhistory. B．Healthcondition.C．Physicalactivity. D．Eatingspeed.[解析]細微環節理解題。依據其次段中的“splittingthemintothreecategoriesbasedonhowquicklytheyate:slow,normal,andfast”可知，依據參加者吃飯的速度，探討者將他們分為吃得慢、正常、快三個類別。[答案]D13．Whichmaybetheresultofthestudy?A．Fasteatersare4timesmorelikelytohavemetabolicsyndrome.B．Normalandsloweatersdon'thavemetabolicillness.C．89%offasteatershavehigherbloodpressure.D．Sloweatersarehealthierthanfasteaters.[解析]推理推斷題。依據第三段中的“Fasteatersalsosawmoreweightgain,largerwaistlines,andhigherbloodsugarlevelsthansloweaters”可知，比起吃得慢的人，吃得快的人體重增加更多、腰圍更大、血糖水平也更高，反向推知，吃得慢的人比吃得快的人健康。[答案]D14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gobbling\”inParagraph4bestmean?A．Tastingslowly. B．Digestingquickly.C．Eatinggreedily. D．Cookingcarefully.[解析]詞義揣測題。依據第四段中的“whenpeopleeatfasttheyaremorelikelytoovereat”可知，吃得快可能會讓人吃得過多。所以這個詞的意思應是“狼吞虎咽地吃”。故選C項。[答案]C15．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellus?A．Theimportanceofeatingspeed.B．Theadvantageofeatingslowly.C．TheresultofaChinesestudy.D．Fasteatingandovereating.[解析]段落大意題。依據文章最終一段的中心句“Previousresearchbacksuptheweightbenefitsofsloweating,too”及下文內容可知，本段主要講慢點吃的好處。[答案]BⅡ.七選五閱讀填空(2024·石家莊教學質量檢測二)Adailymultivitaminmaygiveyourwell－beinganextrabenefit,butifyou'veeverswallowedoneandfeltsickrightafter,youknowit'shardlyapleasantexperience.__1__◆You'retakingvitaminsonanemptystomach.Vitaminsthataremoreacidinnature,likevitaminC,maycausenausea(惡心)ifthey'reconsumedonanemptystomach.VitaminsA，D,EandK,unlikesomeothers,maybebetterabsorbedwhennottakenwithfood.◆__2__Vitaminsarelikemedicinesinthattheycanactoneachotherandothermedicinesyou'retaking.__3__Someresearchsuggeststhatmultivitaminscouldcausesideeffectswhentakenatthesametimewithhighestrogen(雌激素)levels.◆There'salotofironinyourpill.Multivitaminsthatcontainalotofironorironsupplementsthemselvescancausenausea.Thisisespeciallytrueifyou'retakingthemoutsideofameal.Ironisinterestinginthatit'sbestabsorbedonanemptystomach,butit'shardesttotakeonan