專題一閱讀理解NO.1題型微技法?突破閱讀理解4題型高考總復習優化設計GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024維度1維度2目錄索引0102維度303考情分析年份卷別體裁(以A、B、C、D語篇為序)題型數量細節理解推理判斷詞義猜測主旨大意2023新高考全國Ⅰ卷應用文·記敘文說明文·議論文6711新高考全國Ⅱ卷應用文·夾敘夾議文說明文·說明文8511年份卷別體裁(以A、B、C、D語篇為序)題型數量細節理解推理判斷詞義猜測主旨大意2022新高考全國Ⅰ卷應用文·夾敘夾議文說明文·說明文8511新高考全國Ⅱ卷應用文·記敘文說明文·說明文84212021新高考全國Ⅰ卷應用文·記敘文說明文·說明文6612新高考全國Ⅱ卷應用文·記敘文說明文·說明文9411命題專家談高考1.短文題材豐富:選材緊緊圍繞“人與自我”“人與社會”“人與自然”三大主題語境,引導學生關注教育、節約食物、關愛老人、樹立環保意識等。內容越來越貼近生活、貼近社會、貼近時代。2.文章體裁多樣:文章體裁包括應用文、記敘文、說明文、議論文,2022年新高考全國Ⅰ卷還出現了夾敘夾議文。3.趨向深度理解:考查越來越深入,體現為事實理解從單句信息理解向段落綜合信息理解發展、關鍵信息多維度、多次設項考查、對長句的理解頻繁入題。4.滲透文化意識:文化意識的滲透性加強,凸顯中國元素,具備國際視野。維度1自主練透送分點——細節理解題細節理解題相對比較簡單,但在高考閱讀理解中占了60%的比重。細節理解題常分為直接信息題、間接信息題、綜合信息題及數字計算題。[設問方式]1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞引出問題。2.填空形式。如“...studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif

”。

[選項特征]直接信息題在原文中可直接找到答案,不需要考生對信息進行分析、概括或者推理判斷,考查考生識別事實性信息的能力。正確選項和原文在語言表述上沒有太大的差別。技法1直接信息題——定位信息巧比對[典例印證]

(2023全國甲卷,B)She

credits

these

skills

to

her

late

grandfather

and

builder

Derek

Lloyd.From

the

age

of

six,Terri,now

26,accompanied

Derek

to

work

during

her

school

holidays.A

day’s

work

was

rewarded

with

￡5

in

pocket

money.She

says:“I’m

sure

I

wasn’t

much

of

a

help

to

start

with.But

when

Derek

built

our

family

house

about

eight

years

ago,I

was

heavily

involved(參與),painting

the

rooms

and

putting

down

the

flooring

throughout

the

house.It

took

weeks

and

was

backbreaking

work,but

I

know

he

was

proud

of

my

skills.”25.Why

did

Terri’s

grandfather

give

her

￡5

a

day?A.For

a

birthday

gift.B.As

a

treat

for

her

work.C.To

support

her

DIY

projects.D.To

encourage

her

to

take

up

a

hobby.?分析根據題干中的定位詞￡5可定位于“A

day’s

work

was

rewarded

with

￡5

in

pocket

money.”,據此可知,她外祖父每天給她零錢是為了獎勵她一天的工作。[自主解答]

B?圖解技法

解答間接信息題時,要做到“兩關注”“一防范”。“兩關注”是指關注正確選項的兩個特征:一是同義詞替換或釋義,即把文中的語言(詞匯和結構)改頭換面,來表達相同的意思;二是對文章信息的歸納。“一防范”是指防范干擾選項的逼真性,稍有不慎就會落入命題人設置的陷阱中。技法2間接信息題——同義轉換慎甄選[典例印證]

(2023全國乙卷,C)According

to

a

new

study

from

market

analysts,1

in

5

Britons

say

that

watching

cookery

programmes

on

TV

has

encouraged

them

to

try

different

food.Almost

one

third

say

they

now

use

a

wider

variety

of

ingredients

(配料)

than

they

used

to,and

just

under

1

in

4

say

they

now

buy

better

quality

ingredients

than

before.One

in

four

adults

say

that

TV

chefs

have

made

them

much

more

confident

about

expanding

their

cookery

knowledge

and

skills,and

young

people

are

also

getting

more

interested

in

cooking.The

UK’s

obsession

(癡迷)

with

food

is

reflected

through

television

scheduling.Cookery

shows

and

documentaries

about

food

are

broadcast

more

often

than

before.With

an

increasing

number

of

male

chefs

on

TV,it’s

no

longer

“uncool”

for

boys

to

like

cooking.30.Which

is

the

percentage

of

the

people

using

more

diverse

ingredients

now?A.20%.

B.24%.

C.25%.

D.33%.

?分析題干中的關鍵詞為ingredients,與文中

“Almost

one

third

say

they

now

use

a

wider

variety

of

ingredients

than

they

used

to”中的ingredients為原詞復現,題干中的more

diverse與該句中的a

wider

variety

of是同義詞,根據近三分之一的人可知是33%。[自主解答]

D?圖解技法

為了增加細節理解題的難度,命題人有時候會采用較為概括的方式來進行命題,即一道試題中涉及一段或者幾段的某些內容,需要學生進行概括和歸納后才能得出答案。此類試題雖然各個細節信息都能在文章中找到,但學生需要具備一定的概括和歸納能力才能正確作答。技法3綜合信息題——概括歸納得答案[典例印證]

(2023新高考全國Ⅰ卷,B)When

John

Todd

was

a

child,he

loved

to

explore

the

woods

around

his

house,observing

how

nature

solved

problems.A

dirty

stream,for

example,often

became

clear

after

flowing

through

plants

and

along

rocks

where

tiny

creatures

lived.When

he

got

older,John

started

to

wonder

if

this

process

could

be

used

to

clean

up

the

messes

people

were

making.After

studying

agriculture,medicine,and

fisheries

in

college,John

went

back

to

observing

nature

and

asking

questions.Why

can

certain

plants

trap

harmful

bacteria

(細菌)?Which

kinds

of

fish

can

eat

cancer-causing

chemicals?With

the

right

combination

of

animals

and

plants,he

figured,maybe

he

could

clean

up

waste

the

way

nature

did.He

decided

to

build

what

he

would

later

call

an

eco-machine.24.What

can

we

learn

about

John

from

the

first

two

paragraphs?A.He

was

fond

of

traveling.B.He

enjoyed

being

alone.C.He

had

an

inquiring

mind.D.He

longed

to

be

a

doctor.

?分析根據第一段中的“observing

how

nature

solved

problems”

“When

he

got

older...the

messes

people

were

making.”和第二段中的“John

went

back

to

observing

nature

and

asking

questions”以及第二段中的兩個問題可以看出,John擁有研究事物的好奇心,善于思考。[自主解答]

C?圖解技法

此類題主要考查考生對具體細節信息的定位和識別,涉及的計算比較簡單。技法4數字計算題——加減乘除巧推算[典例印證]

(2023新高考全國Ⅰ卷,A)Bike

Rental

&

Guided

ToursWelcome

to

Amsterdam,welcome

to

MacBike.You

see

much

more

from

the

seat

of

a

bike!Cycling

is

the

most

economical,sustainable

and

fun

way

to

explore

the

city,with

its

beautiful

canals,parks,squares

and

countless

lights.You

can

also

bike

along

lovely

landscapes

outside

of

AmsterdamPrices

Hand

Brake,Three

GearsFoot

Brake,No

Gears1

hour€7.50€5.003

hours€11.00€7.501

day

(24

hours)€14.75€9.75Each

additional

day€8.00€6.0022.How

much

do

you

pay

for

renting

a

bike

with

hand

brake

and

three

gears

for

two

days?A.€15.75.

B.€19.50.

C.€22.75.

D.€29.50.?分析根據Prices部分所列表格的內容可知,帶手剎的三擋自行車的日租金為14.75歐元,每超出一天按8歐元計算,故租兩天的費用為22.75歐元。[自主解答]

C?圖解技法

課堂應用A(2023新高考Ⅱ卷,A)YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogramsthroughoutthepark,andthroughouttheyear.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogramsthissummer.Experiencing

Wildlife

in

Yellowstone(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingabackcountrytrail(小徑),camping,orjustenjoyingthepark’samazingwildlifefromtheroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoyyourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.Junior

Ranger

Wildlife

Olympics(June5toAugust21)KidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCenter.Canyon

Talks

at

Artist

Point(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.Photography

Workshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills-joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahands-onprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19-Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10-Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇應用文。作者介紹了今年夏天黃石公園為游客提供的四個護林員項目。1.Which

of

the

four

programs

begins

the

earliest?A.PhotographyWorkshops.B.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.C.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint.D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.√解析

細節理解題。題干所問的是“四個項目中哪一個項目最早開始?”,根據四個項目的標題可知,Experiencing

Wildlife

in

Yellowstone開始于5月26日,Junior

Ranger

Wildlife

Olympics開始于6月5日,Canyon

Talks

at

Artist

Point開始于6月9日,Photography

Workshops開始于6月19日。由此可知,Experiencing

Wildlife

in

Yellowstone這個項目開始的時間最早。2.What

is

the

short

talk

at

Artist

Point

about?A.Worksoffamousartists.B.Protectionofwildanimals.C.Basicphotographyskills.D.Historyofthecanyonarea.解析

細節理解題。根據第三個項目部分中的“...while

learning

about

the

area’s

natural

and

human

history.”可知,這個講座是關于大峽谷地區的歷史的。√3.Where

will

the

participants

meet

for

the

July

10

photography

workshop?AArtistPoint.B.WashburnTrailhead.C.CanyonVillageStore.D.VisitorEducationCenter.√解析

細節理解題。根據第四個項目部分的最后一句“7/10-Wildflowers

&

White

Balance:meet

at

Washburn

Trailhead

in

Chittenden

parking

area.”可知,參加7月10日攝影研討會的人員需要到Washburn

Trailhead集合。B(2023全國乙卷,B)LivinginIowaandtryingtobecomeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape(風景)canbequiteachallenge,mainlybecausethecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.

Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetravelleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithin10-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路線)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Stilllookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者不畏艱險,拍攝出高質量的風景照的故事。4.How

does

the

author

deal

with

the

challenge

as

a

landscape

photographer

in

the

Midwest?A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers.B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions.D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.√解析

細節理解題。根據第二段第二句“To

make

some

of

my

landscape

shots,I

have

travelled

up

to

four

hours

away

to

shoot

within

10-minute

time

frame.I

tend

to

travel

with

a

few

of

my

friends

to

state

parks

or

to

the

countryside

to

go

on

adventures

and

take

photos

along

the

way.”可知,為了拍攝一些風景照片,作者經常和幾個朋友一起去州立公園或鄉村探險,沿途拍照。故選B項。5.What

is

the

key

to

successful

landscape

photography

according

to

the

author?A.Propertimemanagement.B.Goodshootingtechniques.C.Adventurousspirit.D.Distinctivestyles.√解析

細節理解題。根據第三段第一句“Being

at

the

right

place

at

the

right

time

is

decisive

in

any

style

of

photography.”可知,作者認為,成功拍照的關鍵在于,在正確的時間出現在正確的地點,即適當的時間管理。故選A項。6.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.√解析

推理判斷題。根據最后一段第五句“However,we

did

not

mark

the

route

so

we

ended

up

almost

missing

the

sunset

entirely.”可知,作者他們險些錯過了日落,即到達拍攝地點比預計的晚了一些。故選C項。7.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing.

B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.√解析

推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后一句“Still

looking

back

on

the

photos,they

are

some

of

my

best

shots

though

they

could

have

been

so

much

better

if

I

would

have

been

prepared

and

managed

my

time

wisely.”可知,盡管作者認為還有些缺憾,但照片拍得還是不錯的,作者對此感到很滿意。故選B項。維度2精準突破保分點——推理判斷題和詞句猜測題(一)推理判斷題推理判斷是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎上,通過對語篇邏輯關系的分析和細節的暗示,作出一定的判斷和推理,從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。推理判斷題主要考查考生理清上下文邏輯關系的能力以及考生的邏輯推理能力。它所涉及的內容可能是某幾句話,要求考生在遵循原文意義的基礎上,對文章字面信息進行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理,揭示其深層含義。根據近幾年高考真題來看,推斷隱含意義、寫作意圖、觀點態度為高頻考點,而推斷下段內容、文章出處、讀者對象為低頻考點。技法1隱含推斷題——關鍵詞句細推敲推斷隱含意義類的題目要求考生根據語篇內容,推斷具體細節,如時間、地點、人物關系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據短文提供的信息,或者借助語境進行推理判斷。考生只有正確把握文章的內在關系,理解關鍵詞句的真正含義,才可能作出準確的推斷。一般題干主要包括六個動詞:infer(推斷),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(得出結論)和assume(假定,設想)。[設問方式]1.Whatcanweinferfrom...?/Whatcanbeinferredabout...?2.Whatcanwelearnabout...?/Whatdoweknowabout...?3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?[典例印證](2023全國甲卷,D)Obviously,if

precautions

(預防)

aren’t

taken,grizzlies

can

become

troublesome,sometimes

killing

farm

animals

or

walking

through

yards

in

search

of

food.If

people

remove

food

and

attractants

from

their

yards

and

campsites,grizzlies

will

typically

pass

by

without

trouble.Putting

electric

fencing

around

chicken

houses

and

other

farmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,”saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.?分析根據文中“If

people

remove

food

and

attractants...is

also

highly

effective

at

getting

grizzlies

away”可以推斷,人類只要采取合適的預防措施,就可以和灰熊和諧共處,故B項正確。[自主解答]

B?圖解技法

[即學即練](2022全國甲卷,D)EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口號),andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,

Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.

“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解決).”Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.

IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.

“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2,000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3,000years,andtheChinesemorestill.

We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.√解析

推理判斷題。依據題干定位細節,即上文第一段中的“...traditions

are

increasingly

rare.Shirley

Fitzgerald,the

city’s

official

historian,told

me

that

in

its

rush

to

modernity

in

the

1970s,Sydney

swept

aside

much

of

its

past,including

many

of

its

finest

buildings.”,揣摩此細節可知,Shirley

Fitzgerald認為悉尼匆忙奔向現代化,正在失去它的傳統。35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.√解析

推理判斷題。依據題干定位細節,即上文第二段中的“On

the

other

hand,being

young

and

old

at

the

same

time

has

its

attractions.I

considered

this

when

I

met

a

thoughtful

young

businessman

named

Anthony.”和最后一段中的“He

is

right”,揣摩此細節可知,作者贊同Anthony的觀點,認為一座城市可以同時既年輕又古老。技法2觀點態度題——依據措辭定態度理解觀點、態度類的題目旨在考查考生對作者或者文中人物的觀點或態度的理解能力,要求考生具備較高層次的閱讀理解能力,在理解文意的基礎上就作者或文中人物對某個人或事物所持的態度進行推理判斷。有時文中沒有直接表明相關人物的觀點態度的詞句,考生需要結合文中描述該人物語氣、動作、表情的詞句及他人的評價等信息來推斷其觀點或態度。此類試題題干中常見的關鍵詞(組)有attitude,opinion,believe,consider,regard,feelabout,thinkof等。[設問方式]1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudeto/towards...?2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...?3.Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sattitudeto/towards...?[典例印證]

(2021新高考全國Ⅰ卷,D)Although

popular

beliefs

regarding

emotional

intelligence

run

far

ahead

of

what

research

can

reasonably

support,the

overall

effects

of

the

publicity

have

been

more

beneficial

than

harmful.The

most

positive

aspect

of

this

popularization

is

a

new

and

much

needed

emphasis(重視)

on

emotion

by

employers,educators

and

others

interested

in

promoting

social

well-being.The

popularization

of

emotional

intelligence

has

helped

both

the

public

and

researchers

re-evaluate

the

functionality

of

emotions

and

how

they

serve

people

adaptively

in

everyday

life.34.What

is

the

author’s

attitude

to

the

popularization

of

emotional

intelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.

?分析根據選段第一句中的“Although

popular

beliefs

regarding

emotional

intelligence

run

far

ahead

of

what

research

can

reasonably

support,the

overall

effects

of

the

publicity

have

been

more

beneficial

than

harmful.”可知,作者認為情商的普及整體上利大于弊。由此可推知,作者對于情商的普及持支持態度。[自主解答]

A?圖解技法

[即學即練](2020全國Ⅲ卷,C)Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law:shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”...29.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?A.Positive.

B.Carefree.C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.√解析

根據第五段中“And

what

does

Nick

think?‘From

my

standpoint,it

all

seems

to

work

very

well.Would

I

recommend

it?Yes,I

think

I

would.’”

可知,Nick同意和岳母住在一起,并且很愿意推薦這一做法,所以是positive,選A項。技法3寫作意圖題——“4看”推意圖判斷寫作意圖要求考生根據文章內容,揣測作者的寫作意圖及作者運用某種寫作手法的目的,表意圖或目的的常見表達有:toillustrate/show(表明),toexplain(解釋),highlight/stress(強調),tointroduce/recommend(介紹),topredict(預告),toprove(證實),toamuse/entertainreaders(娛樂讀者),toreachaconclusion(得出結論),topresentanargument(提出論點)。作者一般不會直接表明自己的意圖,而是通過文章的具體內容向讀者傳達某種觀點或想法。這類題要求考生不僅要能夠理解文章大意,同時還要具備對作者闡述的內容進行分析和歸納總結的能力。1.段落/細節意圖:考查文中某段或某細節的寫作意圖,常見的設問方式有:(1)Whydoestheauthormention...?(2)Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph...?(3)Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?(4)Whyis...mentionedinparagraph...?2.篇章意圖:考查文章整體的寫作意圖,常見的設問方式有:(1)Whatisthepurposeofthetext?(2)Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?(3)Whatdoesthewriterofthestorywanttotellus?[典例印證]

(2023浙江1月卷)A

machine

can

now

not

only

beat

you

at

chess,it

can

also

outperform

you

in

debate.Last

week,in

a

public

debate

in

San

Francisco,a

software

program

called

Project

Debater

beat

its

human

opponents,including

Noa

Ovadia,Israel’s

former

national

debating

champion.28.Why

does

the

author

mention

Noa

Ovadia

in

the

first

paragraph?A.To

explain

the

use

of

a

software

program.B.To

show

the

cleverness

of

Project

Debater.C.To

introduce

the

designer

of

Project

Debater.D.To

emphasize

the

fairness

of

the

competition.

?分析推理判斷題。通讀第一段內容可知,文章第一段提到以色列前國家辯論冠軍Noa

Ovadia是為了說明Project

Debater在辯論方面很出色,故B項“為了展示Project

Debater

的聰明”正確。[自主解答]

B?圖解技法

[即學即練](2020天津卷,D)Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance:curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驅策力)countformuchmorethanambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresonlythecalmandrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Nowsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement....Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.51.Inwritingparagraph1,theauthoraimsto

.

A.proposeadefinition

B.makeacomparisonC.reachaconclusion D.presentanargument√解析

寫作意圖題。本文是一篇議論文,按照“文體特點推意圖”法,此篇議論文開篇明義,闡述了作者對成功人士必備品質的看法,下面各段都是圍繞著這一看法展開的,故選D項“提出論點”。技法4文章出處/讀者身份題——看內容巧推斷文章出處題要求考生具備一定的常識,能夠根據文章的體裁和題材來推斷文章的出處或類別。讀者身份推斷題要求考生根據短文內容和文中的措辭推斷文章的讀者對象。[設問方式]1.Wherecanthetextbefound?2.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?3.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?4.Whomaythetextbeintendedfor?5.Whoisthepassagemainlywrittenfor?6.Whoarethemostpossiblereadersofthepassage?[典例印證]

(2023新高考全國Ⅱ卷,C)Reading

Art:Art

for

Book

Lovers

is

a

celebration

of

an

everyday

object-the

book,represented

here

in

almost

three

hundred

artworks

from

museums

around

the

world.The

image

of

the

reader

appears

throughout

history,in

art

made

long

before

books

as

we

now

know

them

came

into

being.In

artists’

representations

of

books

and

reading,we

see

moments

of

shared

humanity

that

go

beyond

culture

and

time.In

this

“book

of

books,”

artworks

are

selected

and

arranged

in

a

way

that

emphasizes

these

connections

between

different

eras

and

cultures.We

see

scenes

of

children

learning

to

read

at

home

or

at

school,with

the

book

as

a

focus

for

relations

between

the

generations.Adults

are

portrayed(描繪)

alone

in

many

settings

and

poses-absorbed

in

a

volume,deep

in

thought

or

lost

in

a

moment

of

leisure.These

scenes

may

have

been

painted

hundreds

of

years

ago,but

they

record

moments

we

can

all

relate

to.Books

themselves

may

be

used

symbolically

in

paintings

to

demonstrate

the

intellect(才智),wealth

or

faith

of

the

subject.Before

the

wide

use

of

the

printing

press,books

were

treasured

objects

and

could

be

works

of

art

in

their

own

right.More

recently,as

books

have

become

inexpensive

or

even

throwaway,artists

have

used

them

as

the

raw

material

for

artworks-transforming

covers,pages

or

even

complete

volumes

into

paintings

and

sculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.

?分析文章出處題。根據全文內容尤其是第一段第一句“Reading

Art:Art

for

Book

Lovers

is

a

celebration...three

hundred

artworks

from

museums

around

the

world.”可知,《閱讀藝術:書籍愛好者的藝術》這本書里展示了來自世界各地博物館的近300件藝術品,本文主要是對該書內容的介紹。故可以推知,本文最有可能摘自書的序言。[自主解答]

A?圖解技法

[即學即練](2021全國甲卷,A)Take

a

view,t