河南省專升本英語基礎精講動詞篇主講老師：李軍第一節定義表示________________的詞動作或狀態最重要最復雜最難掌握第二節分類功能分類謂語動詞： do;

does;

did非謂語動詞： to

do;

doing;

done實義動詞系動詞情態動詞助動詞謂語動詞四兄弟類別特點舉例實義動詞(vt.vi.)及物動詞可以直接且必須跟賓語Ihaveabook..Listen!Ihearsomething.不及物動詞可以單獨使用；也可以加介詞后再跟賓語Shealwayscomeslate.Youjump!Ijump!系動詞(link-v)跟名詞或形容詞作表語Iamastudent.情態動詞(mod.v.)跟動詞原形（有自己的詞匯意思）Wecandoitbyourselves.助動詞(aux.v.)跟動詞原形或分詞（無詞匯意義）Hedoesn’tspeakChinese.IamwatchingTV.第三節具體用法(1)及物動詞vt.可以且必須加賓語I

love

you.(2)不及物動詞vi.①單獨使用，②先加介詞再賓語You

jump!

I

jump!Lookattheblackboard.一.實義動詞(動作)及物動詞or不及物動詞練習Hearrivedatthebusstop.Hewenttothebusstop.Hereachedthebusstop.Heheard

some

strange

noises.WewatchTVonSundays.二.系動詞（狀態）(1)

be動詞

Iamagirl.

Youarebeautiful.(2)感官動詞

sound聽起來Hervoicesoundsworried.look看上去

Yourdresslooksnice.smell聞起來Theriversmellsterrible.feel摸上去Thiskindofclothfeelssoft.(3)狀態保持或者改變

stay保持keep保持become變（身份，職位），get變（老，累，比較級）

turn變（顏色）,

go變得（壞，酸，瘸）(4)其他系動詞

prove

Therumorprovedfalse.

turnoutHisplanturnedoutasuccess.

seem Mr.

Blackseemstobequitehappy.1.情態動詞的特征（1）有一定詞義，但必須和實義動詞原形連用，構成謂語。（2）無人稱和數的變化三.情態動詞（情感態度及推測）考點一：常見的情態動詞有肯定否定can/couldmay/mightshall/shouldneed/must/darehave

to

had

better【例題】David,you_____playwiththevaluablebottle,you_______breakit.

A.won’t;can’t B.mustn’t;may

C.shouldn’t;must D.can’t;shouldn’t【B】【考點】禁止玩…可能打碎….【2016-92改錯】Don’t

stay

at

home.

You

had

better

to

go

out

for

a

walk.【C】【考點】to

go

out應改為go

outhad

better看作情態動詞，后加不帶to的不定式考點二：may/must/can’t表示推測肯定否定can/couldhavedone原本能夠做（卻沒做）should

havedone原本應該做（卻沒做）needn’thavedone原本不必做（卻做了）may/mighthavedone可能已經做了musthavedone一定已經做了can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能已經做了【2008-21】I’m

not

surprised

you

failed

the

exam.

You

_____

have

worked

harder.

A.should B.must

C.would D.ought【A】【考點】三個后悔；根據題意，你本該更努力學習的（但卻未做）【例題】--IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday.

--You_____her.Sheisstillabroad.

A.mustn’tsee B.can’thaveseen

C.mustn’thaveseen D.couldn’tsee【B】【考點】三個推測；根據題意，你不可能見過Mary.【2018-96改錯】Bob

fails

to

attend

the

evening

school.

He

may

be

sick

because

he

never

asks

for

leave.【C】【考點】may應改為must三個推測；根據句意“他從不請假”，可知他一定生病了1.

be類(am/is/are/was/were/being/been-進行時態)①be+現在分詞=現在進行時 Heisrunning.②be+過去分詞=被動語態

Thebabywasputinbedbyhismother.四.助動詞2.

have類(have/has/had-完成時態)①have/has+done=現在完成時態 Ihavefinishedmyhomework.②had+done=過去完成時態 We

had

finished

our

homework

before

then.3.

will類(will/shall-將來時態)Therewillbemoretreesinonehundredyears.Shall

we

plant

any

more

trees?4.

do類(do/does/did)否定：I

don’t

like

junk

food.疑問：Do

you

like

it?倒裝：OnlythendidIrealizethat

I

was

wrong.強調：I

do

enjoy

fruit

and

vegetable.替代：Yes,

I

do.【2017-13】Tom

can’t

speak

Chinese,

but

Peter

_____.A.do B.doesC.did D.done【B】【考點】but連接的完整后句應為Peter

can

speak

Chinese,可以使用does替代實義動詞（詞組），避免重復第四節動詞辨析1.形近詞acquire

require

inquire

enquireattribute

contribute

distributetransfer

transmit

transform

transport2.近義詞argue

debate

dispute

quarrel

conflictserve

conserve

preserve

reserve

deservepanic

terror

fright

horror

fear

dread【2015-18】There

is

absolutely

no

need

to______.

We

will

return

to

the

airport

very

soon.A.panic B.terrorC.fright

D.rage【A】【考點】panic特指常指因突如其來的外界威脅使人群出現驚慌、恐懼或混亂，與題意相符第五節動詞搭配draw

up

look

down

upon

make

up

forturn

over

turn

down

turn

off

turn

out

spread

through

consist

of

consist

inremind

sb.

of

sth.

inform

sb.

of

sth.come

to/draw/reach

conclusion/agreementleave/make

a

deep

impression

on

sth.play

an

important

role

in

…【2015-81翻譯】這個漂亮干凈的城市給外國旅游者留下了深刻的印象。【考點】動詞詞組搭配This

beautiful

and

clean

city

left

a

deep

impression

on

the

foreign

tourists.【2015-20單選】The

new

look

of

the

city

has

_____

a

deep

impression

o