隧道施工技術監控量測技術TunnelConstructionTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementTechnology

監控量測技術目錄MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyTableofContents監控量測的目的和項目1PurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement監控量測方法2MonitoringandMeasurementMethods量測數據分析與反饋3AnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData課程小結4Summary

監控量測的目的和項目PurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement01掌握圍巖再施工中的動態，控制圍巖的變形。監控量測技術監控量測的目的和項目MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyPurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement

Inordertoensureconstructionsafety,weshouldobservethegeologyandsupportconditions,measurethecrownsettlement,peripheraldisplacementandsurfacesubsidence.

為保證施工安全，我們需要對地質和支護狀態進行觀察、拱頂下沉、周邊位移、地表下沉進行量測。監控量測的目的PurposeofMonitoringandMeasurementGraspthedynamicconditionsofsurroundingrocksinconstructionandcontrolthedeformationofsurroundingrocks.了解支護結構的效果，及時采取措施，以保證安全施工。監控量測技術監控量測的目的和項目MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyPurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement監控量測的目的PurposeofMonitoringandMeasurementUnderstandtheeffectofthesupportstructureandtaketimelymeasurestoensuresafeconstruction.修正設計，指導施工，保證隧道既安全又經濟。監控量測技術監控量測的目的和項目MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyPurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement監控量測的目的PurposeofMonitoringandMeasurementRevisethedesign,guidetheconstruction,andensurethesafetyandeconomyofthetunnel.02

監控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementMethods監控量測技術監控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods地質和支護狀態觀察Thegeologicalandsupportconditionobservation圍巖有代表性測試斷面的位置、形狀、尺寸。Thelocation,shapeanddimensionoftherepresentativetestsectionofsurroundingrock.巖石名稱、結構、顏色。

Thename,structureandcoloroftherock.節理和圍巖結構面情況。Conditionsofjointsandsurroundingrockstructuralplanes.軟硬程度及破碎程度情況。ConditionsofHardnessandcrushingdegree.巖脈穿插情況。Conditionofdykeinterspersion;巖體的風化程度、特點、抗風化能力。Weatheringdegree,characteristicsandweatheringresistanceofrockmass.地下水的類型、出露位置、水量大小。Type,exposurelocationandvolumeofgroundwater.溶洞等特殊地質條件描述。Descriptionofspecialgeologicalconditionssuchaskarstcaves.噴層開裂起鼓、剝落情況描述。Thedescriptionofcracking,bulgingandpeeling-offoftheshotcretelayer.監控量測技術監控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods拱頂下沉與周邊位移量測Measurementofcrownsettlementandperipheraldisplacement收斂量測Convergencemeasurement拱頂下沉Crownsettlement周邊位移Peripheraldisplacement我們在拱頂下沉量測的測點，原則上應設在拱頂中心，受其他因素制約，則可將測點設于拱頂中心之外。監控量測技術監控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods拱頂下沉量測

MeasurementoftheCrownSettlement

Ourmeasuringpointsforcrownsettlementmeasurement,shallbelocatedinthecenterofthecrowninprinciple.Restrictedbyotherfactors,themeasuringpointscanbesetoutsidethecenterofthecrown.監控量測技術監控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods周邊位移量量測

MeasurementofPeripheralDisplacement數顯收斂計Digitaldisplayconvergencegauge量測范圍0.5~30m范圍

精度為0.1mmMeasurementrangeTherangeof0.5~30mTheaccuracyof0.1mm監控量測技術監控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods周邊位移量量測

MeasurementofPeripheralDisplacement

測線一般取點在拱頂中心、起拱線起點、邊墻腳位置。OnemeasuringlineTwomeasuringlinesThreemeasuringlinesFivemeasuringlinesSixmeasuringlinesSevenmeasuringline

Themeasuringlineisgenerallytakenatthecrowncenter,thestartingpointofthespringinglineandthefootofthesidewall.Thatis,thebetterthesurroundingrockis,thefewerthemeasuringlineswillbe;施工分部越多，測線越多。Themoreconstructiondivisions,themoremeasuringlines.圍巖越好，測線越少；開挖后盡快埋設測點，并測取初讀數，要求12h內完成。監控量測技術監控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods量測的采納及事項需注意AdoptionofMeasurementandItemstobeNoted

Themeasuringpointsshallbeembeddedassoonaspossibleafterexcavation,andtheinitialreadingsshallbetakenwithin12hours.Monitoringpoints測點(測試斷面)應盡可能靠近開挖面，要求在2m以內。監控量測技術監控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods量測的采納及事項需注意AdoptionofMeasurementandItemstobeNoted

Themeasuringpoint(testsection)shallbeascloseaspossibletotheexcavationsurfaceandshallbewithin2m.讀數應在重錘穩定或張力調節器指針穩定指示規定的張力值時讀取。監控量測技術監控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods量測的采納及事項需注意AdoptionofMeasurementandItemstobeNoted

Thereadingsshallbetakenwhenthehammerisstabilizedorthepointerofthetensionregulatorstablypointsthespecifiedtensionvalue.監控量測技術監控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods地表下沉量測SurfaceSubsidenceMeasurement在隧道施工遇到IV~VI級圍巖InthetunnelconstructionClassIV~VIsurroundingrocksareencountered通常是軟弱破碎地層，其穩定性差，如果覆蓋層厚度較小，則開挖時地表下沉就大。

Itisusuallyaweakandfracturedstratawithpoorstability.Ifthethicknessoftheoverburdenissmall,thesurfacesubsidencewillbelargeduringexcavation.監控量測技術監控量測的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods地表下沉量測SurfaceSubsidenceMeasurement

Forshallowtunnelsatsoilsandandsoftrocksections,Thesurfacesubsidencemeasurementisrequired,andthespacingofmeasuringpointsarrangedalongthelongitudinaldirectionofthetunnelcanbedeterminedaccordingtothegeology,

overburdenthickness,constructionmethodandsurroundingbuildings.對于土砂、軟巖地段的淺埋隧道，我們要求進行地表下沉量測，沿隧道縱向布置測點的間距可視地質、覆蓋層厚度、施工方法和周圍建筑物的情況確定。表地表下沉測試斷面間距覆蓋層厚度H測點間距(m)H>2B2B>H>BH<B20~5010~205~10TableSpacingofSurfaceSubsidenceTestSectionOverburdenthicknessHSpacingbetweenmeasuringpoints(m)03

量測數據分析與反饋AnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData監控量測技術量測數據分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData周邊位移分析Analysisofperipheraldisplacement

Theclearancedisplacementismainlyusedastheindexofsurroundingrockstabilityevaluationandsurroundingrockstabilitystatusjudgmentinthefieldmeasurementoftunnelengineering.

OnlythelargecavernexistsRetentionandreinforcementoffillingmaterialsinthetunnelConstructionofthebaseslabandretainingwall

Constructionoflining

隧道工程現場量測主要以凈空位移作為圍巖穩定性評價及圍巖穩定狀態判斷的指標。監控量測技術量測數據分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData周邊位移分析Analysisofperipheraldisplacement判斷標準：JudgmentStandard:位移量Displacement位移速率Displacementrate位移加速度Displacementacceleration根據以上判斷標準，如果圍巖位移速度不超過允許值，且不出現蠕變趨勢，我們則可以認為圍巖是穩定的,初期支護是成功的。若表現出穩定性較好，則可以考慮適當加大循環進尺。監控量測技術量測數據分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData周邊位移分析Analysisofperipheraldisplacement

Accordingtotheabovejudgmentstandards,Ifthedisplacementvelocityofthesurroundingrockdoesnotexceedtheallowablevalue,andnocreeptendencyoccurs,Itcanbeconsideredthatthesurroundingrockisstable,andtheprimarysupportissuccessful.Ifthestabilityisgood,thecyclicfootagecanbeappropriatelyincreased.

Originalsupport

Nosupport

Displacement/m

StepofCalculation/104根據新奧法施工原則，需要在圍巖或圍巖加初期支護基本達成穩定后，才可以施作二次襯砌。監控量測技術量測數據分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData周邊位移分析Analysisofperipheraldisplacement

AccordingtotheconstructionprincipleofNewAustrianTunnelingMethod(NATM),Thesecondaryliningcanbeconstructedonlyafterthesurroundingrockorsurroundingrockisaddedwithprimarysupporttoachievebasicstable.

Systemanchorrod

Arch

Haunch

Sidewall

Invertedarch

SidewallInvertedarch

WaterprooflayerPrimarysupportShotcretingReinforcingmeshSteelribAnchorrod監控量測技術量測數據分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData圍巖壓力分析Analysisofsurroundingrockpressure圍巖壓力的大小與圍巖位移量及支護剛度密切相關。

Thepressurevalueofsurroundingrockiscloselyrelatedtothesurroundingrockdisplacementandthesupportrigidity.監控量測技術量測數據分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData噴層應力分析Shotcretelayerstressanalysis噴層應力是指切向應力，噴層應力與圍巖壓力及位移有密切關系。

Stressofshotcretelayerreferstothetangentialstress,Thestressofshotcretelayeriscloselyrelatedtothesurroundingrockpressureanddisplacement.噴層應力大的兩個方面：Therearetworeasonsforthehighstressoftheshotcretelayer圍巖壓力和位移大Thepressureanddisplacementofsurroundingrockarelarge.支護不足Insufficientsupport課程小結04Summary.監控量測技術課程小結MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologySummary加強隧道圍巖監控量測過程控制Strengthenthemonitoringandmeasurementprocesscontroloftunnelsurroundingrock建立穩固的隧道圍巖監控量測工作基點Establishstableworkingreferencepointsformonitoringandmeasurementoftunnelsurroundingrock重視隧道圍巖監控量測元件埋設和保護Attachimportancetotheembeddingandprotectionofmonitoringandmeasurementelementsoftunnelsurroundingrock重視監測與分析，信息化反饋Attachimportancetothemonitoring,analysisandinformatizationfeedback加強現場施工安全，為信息化工作提供保障Strengthenon-siteconstructionsafetyandprovideguaranteeforinformatizationworkPrecautions注意事項.施工檢測管理流程，將監測的結果必須盡快地反饋到施工和設計中去。

Constructioninspectionmanagementprocess:themonitoringresultsmustbefedbacktotheconstructionanddesignassoonaspossible.施工檢測采用的機械和電子儀器，必須確保具有良好的使用狀態。

Themechanicalandelectronicinstrumentsusedforconstructioninspectionmustbeingoodservicecondition.監控量測技術課程小結MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologySummary施工檢測管理Constructioninspectionmanagement.①檢查儀表設備是否完好，如發現問題及時修理或更換。Checkwhethertheinstrumentsandequipmentareingoodcondition,andrepairorreplacethemintimeifanyproblemisfound.②檢查測點是否松動或人為損壞，確認測點狀態良好時方可進行測試工作。Checkwhetherthemeasuringpointsarelooseorartificiallydamaged,andcarryoutthetestonlyafterconfirmingthatthemeasuringpointsareingoodcondition.監控量測技術課程小結MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologySummary施工檢測管理Constructioninspectionmanagement測試前做到：Beforethetest:.監控量測技術課程小結MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologySummary施工檢測管理Constructioninspectionmanagement按各項量測的操作規程安裝好儀器儀表，每測點一般測讀三次，三次讀數相差不大時，取算術平均值作為觀測點，若讀數相差過大時應檢查儀器、儀表安裝是否正確，測點是否松動，當確認無誤時再進行測試。Installinstrumentsandmetersaccordingtothevariousmea