Unit1PeopleofAchievementReadingandThinking選擇性必修一一、課前基礎知識通關——重點詞匯1.physiologyn.

2.artemisininn.

3.malarian.

4.committedadj.

5.academyn.

6.propertyn.

7.distinctadj.

8.extractn.

vt.

9.wormwoodn.

10.substancen.

生理學;生理機能[藥]青蒿素瘧疾盡心盡力的;堅定的;堅信的(藝術、文學、科學等的)研究院;學會;專科院校性質;特征;財產清晰的;清楚的;有區別的提取物;摘錄提取;提煉;摘錄;(用力)拔出蒿;洋艾物質;物品;事實根據11.

adj.至關重要的;關鍵性的

12.

adj.必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機的

13.

vt.承諾;保證(某個人、機構等)

vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活動等)14.

adj.學業的;學術的

15.

n.目標;目的adj.客觀的

16.

adj.植物學的

17.

vt.評價;評估

18.

vt.&

vi.(使)沸騰;煮開;燒開

n.沸騰;沸點19.

n.液體adj.液體的;液態的

20.

vt.(尤指經努力)獲得;贏得vi.以(規章、習俗等)存在;流行

crucial

vital

commit

academic

objective

botanical

evaluate

boil

liquid

obtain

21.

vt.承認(屬實、權威等);(公開)感謝

22.

n.失敗;挫敗vt.擊敗;戰勝

23.

vt.分析

24.

adv.顯而易見;看來;顯然

25.

vi.&

vt.堅持;堅決要求

26.

adj.科學(上)的;關于科學的

27.

adv.主要地;一般地

acknowledge

defeat

analyse

apparently

insist

scientific

mostly1.makeadiscovery

2.leadto

3.diefrom

4.graduatefrom

5.

偶然

6.

提煉出7.

堅決要求8.

承諾;保證(做某事、遵守協議或安排等)

做出發現導致;通向

死于

從……畢業bychance

drawout

insiston

commitoneselfto一、課前基礎知識通關——高頻短語根據p2—3課文內容,選擇正確答案。1.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthepassage?A.TuYouyou’sfamilylife.B.WhatTuYouyouwasawarded.C.Whyartemisininisanimportantdiscovery.D.TuYouyou’sroadtodiscoveringartemisinin.二、泛讀導學2.Whatwasthekeytogettingagoodextractfromthewormwood?A.Usingahighertemperature.B.Usingalowertemperature.C.Boilingthewormwood.D.Puttingthewormwoodintopowder.3.Howisthepassageorganized?A.Inorderoftime.B.Inorderofspace.C.Inorderofimportance.D.Inorderoflocation.1.Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.青蒿素成了抗瘧疾藥物的關鍵成分,據估計每年僅在非洲就挽救了10萬人的性命。vital

adj.必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機的Readingisofvitalimportanceinlanguagelearning.閱讀在語言學習中至關重要。She’saveryvitalsortofperson.她是個精力旺盛的人。三、精讀精講——重點詞匯拓展延伸bevitalfor/tosth

對……極為重要itisvitalthat...(should)dosth做……是十分重要的Thesemeasuresare

vital

to

nationalsecurity.這些措施對國家安全很重要。It

is

vital

that

we(should)helpchildrensetcorrectmoralvalues.我們幫助孩子樹立正確的道德價值觀是至關重要的。單句語法填空(1)Somedrivers,cyclistsandpedestriansdonotthinkitvital

(obey)trafficrules.

(2)Interestisasvital

learningastheabilitytounderstand,evenmoreso.

(3)Besides,it’svitalthatyou

(mind)yourtablemanners.

toobeyto/for(should)mind即學即練2.TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.屠呦呦,這位盡職盡責、鍥而不舍的科學家,1930年12月30日出生于中國寧波,1955年畢業于北京大學醫學院。committed

adj.

盡心盡力的;堅定的;堅信的Tomisacommittedmemberofourfootballteam.湯姆是我們足球隊忠于職守的隊員。commitvt.

承諾;保證(某個人、機構等)vi.

忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活動等)commitsb/oneselftosth/todoingsth

承諾,保證(做某事、遵守協議或安排等)commitsb/oneselftodo

承諾;保證(做某事、遵守協議或安排等)becommittedtosth 獻身于……;致力于……committosb/sth 忠于;全心全意投入拓展延伸Ihavecommitted

myselfandcannotdrawback.我已經做了承諾,無法反悔。Hecommitted

himself

tothecauseofeducation.他投身于教育事業。Chinais

committed

topeace,developmentandcooperationininternationalaffairs.中國在國際事務中一貫致力于和平、發展與合作。單句語法填空(1)Oncewehavecommitted

thiscourseofactionthereisnogoingback.

(2)IthinkIcancomebutIwon’tcommit

(my)tillIknowforsure.

(3)AllofusagreethatMrBrownisa

(commit)teacher.

to

myself

committed即學即練3.Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.evaluatevt.評價;評估Ourresearchattemptstoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthedifferentdrugs.我們的研究試圖評估不同藥物的有效性。Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallquality.人們普遍認為應該從綜合素質的角度來評價學生。她的團隊研讀了2000多篇(個)中醫藥古籍(古方),評估了28萬種植物的藥學屬性。evaluationn.評估Ourteachersoftengivesomeevaluationtousaccordingtoourperformances.我們老師經常會根據我們的表現對我們做出評價。拓展延伸用evaluate的適當形式填空(1)Theeffectsofthedrugonpatients’behaviourareextremelydifficult

.

(2)Theteacher

theperformanceofeachstudentlastMonday.

(3)Weneedtocarryoutaproper

ofthenewsystem.

toevaluateevaluated

evaluation即學即練4.Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.obtain

vt.(尤指經努力)獲得;贏得vi.(規章、習俗等)存在;流行Ihaven’tbeenabletoobtainthatrecordanywhere.我到處都沒買到那張唱片。Thecustomstillobtainsinsomedistricts.這種風俗在許多地方仍然流行。之后,他們嘗試水煎新鮮青蒿葉,用熬出的液體治療瘧疾,但是依舊無效。

Furtherinformationcanbe

obtained

fromtheheadoffice.可以從總公司獲得進一步的信息。Theresultsare

obtained

throughrepeatedexperiments.結果是通過反復試驗獲得的。obtainsthfromsb/sth從某人/某物處獲得某物obtainsththrough... 通過……獲得某物拓展延伸用obtain的適當形式填空(1)Firsteditionsofthesebooksarenowalmostimpossible

.

(2)John

hisparents’permissionbeforehewentabroad.

toobtainhadobtained即學即練5.However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而,屠呦呦并不認輸。acknowledgevt.承認(屬實、權威等);(公開)感謝Hewasacknowledgedforhislongservicewiththecompany.他因在公司服務多年而受到了感謝。Youhavetoacknowledgethatweliveinaharmonioussociety.你不得不承認我們生活在一個和諧的社會中。Sheisusuallyacknowledged

to

beoneofthebestartists.她是公認的最好的藝術家之一。It

is

widely

acknowledged

thatthefilmisinstructiveandfullofemotion.大家普遍認為這部電影具有教育意義,并且充滿情感。acknowledgesth/sbtobe/as...承認某事/某人是/為……acknowledgedoingsth 承認做了某事Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat...人們普遍認為……;大家公認……拓展延伸單句語法填空(1)Heiswidelyacknowledged

(be)thebestplayerintheworld.

(2)Thecountryhasacknowledged

(take)everymeanstofightagainstanypossibleattack.

(3)Englishisacknowledged

thelanguageofbusiness,scienceandtheInternetaroundtheworld.

tobetaking

as即學即練defeatn.失敗;挫敗vt.擊敗;戰勝Itwasthelastquestiononthepaperthatdefeatedme.考卷上的最后一道題把我難住了。Invictoryanddefeat,theOlympicsareaplatformforpersonalandnationalglory.勝利和失敗,奧林匹克就是實現個人和國家榮譽的舞臺。拓展延伸用defeat的適當形式填空(1)Ourteam

lastnight,whichmadeussadanddisappointed.

(2)Damagedbutnot

,hewasstillaheadofme.

wasdefeateddefeated即學即練6.TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.屠呦呦和她的團隊成員甚至堅持以身試藥,以確保藥物的安全性。insist

為動詞,意為“堅持;堅決要求”,通常和介詞on連用,后接動詞時要用動詞-ing形式。Sheinsistedongoingtothecinemaalone.她堅持自己去看電影。Myfriendinsistedonmygoingtoherbirthdayparty.我的朋友堅持讓我參加她的生日聚會。(1)insist表示“堅持認為,堅持說”時,后跟賓語從句用陳述語氣;(2)insist表示“堅決要求,堅決主張”時,后跟賓語從句用虛擬語氣,謂語動詞要用“(should+)動詞原形”,should可以省略。Thewomaninsiststhatherhusbandisanhonestmanandcan’tdoit.那位女士堅持說她丈夫是個誠實的人,不會做那件事情的。Weinsistedthathe(should)finishtheworkhimself.我們堅持讓他自己完成這項工作。拓展延伸用所給詞的適當形式填空(1)Theteacherinsistedthateveryminute

(make)fulluseoftodotheworkwell.

(2)Heinsistedon

(make)avoyageaftergraduatingfromcollege.

(3)Themayorinsistedthathe

(support)thehard-workingpeopleofNewYork.

(should)bemademaking

supported即學即練1.Later,the

medicine

was

tested

on

malaria

patients,most

of

whom

recovered.

隨后,該藥物試用于瘧疾患者,其中大多數人康復了。句析：本句是一個含有非限制性定語從句的復合句。主句是themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered是“不定代詞+of+關系代詞”引導的定語從句。“不定代詞/數詞/名詞+of+關系代詞”引導的定語從句在關系分句中作主語,說明整體中的一部分。三、精讀精講——難點句型單句語法填空(1)Morethantwentypeoplewereinjuredintheaccident,mostof

wererushedtothehospitalnearby.

(2)Cooperationorteamwork,theimportanceof

isstressed,playsanimportantpartinfootballmatches.

句式變換(3)Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,andallofthemagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.(升級為定語從句)→Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,

agreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.

whom

which

allofwhom2.Upon

hearing

that

she

had

been

awarded

the

Nobel

Prize,she

said,“The

honour

is

not

just

mine...”

獲悉自己被授予諾貝爾獎時,她說,“這份榮譽不僅僅屬于我……”。句析：在本句中,shesaid,...是主句,that引導的句子作hearing的賓語。Uponhearing...是“upon+動詞-ing形式”構成的介詞短語,在句中作時間狀語。upon還可換為介詞on,表示一件事情緊接著另一件事情發生。這種用法常見于正式文體中,根據語境,可翻譯為“當……時;一……就……”。Upongraduatingfromcollege,hefirstworkedasateacher,andtheninagovernmentoffice.他一畢業,先當了老師,后來在政府部門工作。Uponhearingthathehadwonthelottery,themanlaughedheartily.當知道自己中彩票時,這個男人開懷大笑。用所給詞的適當形式填空(1)Upon/On

(leave)Germany,hewentfirsttoFrance,thentoBelgiumandthentoEngland.

(2)Upon/On

(receive)yourletter,mybrotherwaswildwithjoy.

句式變換(3)AssoonashearrivedinParis,thefamousfilmstarwasrecognisedandsurroundedbyhisfans.(升級為“upondoing”)→

inParis,thefamousfilmstarwasrecognisedandsurroundedbyhisfans.

leaving

receiving

Uponarriving1.課文語法填空InOctober2015,TuYouyou,a1.

(commit)andpatientscientist,wasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicineforherdiscoveryofartemisininwhichhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflives.

committed四、本講精練——基礎訓練TuYouyouwasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930.Shewasamongthefirstresearchers2.

(choose)tostudyanewtreatmentformalaria.Afterexaminingover2,000ancientChinesemedicaltextsand3.

________(evaluate)280,000plantsfortheirmedical4._______(property),sheandherteamfoundamedicaltextsuggestingusingtheextractfromsweetwormwoodtotreatafever.However,they5.