單元素養評價(一)UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS第一部分聽力(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Wherearethetwospeakers?A．Inastore.B．Inacar.C．Inthehospital.2．Whendidthewoman'ssongraduate?A．In1980.B．In1981.C．In1982.3．WhatisJanedoingnow?A．Typingaletter.B．Changingherclothes.C．Havingameal.4．Whatcanweknowaboutthewoman?A．Shecannotread.B．Shehasnowatch.C．Sheistoobusy.5．Whatisthewomanridingin?A．Inabus.B．Inataxi.C．Onaplane.第二節(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatshallwedoifsomethingiswrongwiththewatch?A.Senditbacktothefactory.B．Haveitrepaired.C．Exchangeitintheshop.7．Howmuchdidthemanpayforthewatch?A．700dollars.B．750dollars.C．Forfree.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Howlongwilltheystaythere?A．5weeks.B．3weeks.C．Wedon'tknow.9．Howmanyroomsdidtheybook?A．4.B．2.C．3.10．What'sthenumberforthesingleroom?A．No.9.B．No.7.C．No.6.聽第8段材料，回答第11、12題。11．Wherewasthemanwhenthemurderhappened?A．Onthewaytothestation.B．Onthewaytowork.C．Onthewayhome.12．Whendidthemanarriveatthestation?A．At8：10.B．At10：08.C．At7：50.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Howmanycountrieshasthemanvisited?A．5.B．4.C．3.14．Whydidthemanvisitthem?A．Inmostcases,towork.B．Inmostcases,forholidays.C．Inmostcases,onbusiness.15．WhendidthemanworkinFrance?A．In1950s.B．In1960s.C．In1970s.16．HowlongdidheworkinFrance?A．Afewweeks.B．Afewmonths.C．Afewyears.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．What'stoday'sweatheringeneral?A．Windy.B．Cloudy.C．Sunny.18．Whichisthehighesttemperaturetoday?A．25degrees.B．19degrees.C．16degrees.19．Howdoyoufindtheweatheratnight?A．Dry.B．Wet.C．Windy.20．Howmanyhoursdoestheweatherreportprobablycover?A．48.B．24.C．12.第二部分閱讀(共兩節，滿分50分)第一節(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A[2023·福州市高二適應性考試]WomenscientistsaroundtheworldhavemadesignificantcontributionstoStem(science,technology,engineering,andmaths).Herearefourwhopushedboundariesandchangedtheworld.WuChienshiung(1912～1997)BorninTaicang,Jiangsuprovince,WutookpartintheManhattanProjectwhichhelpedcreatetheworld'sfirstnuclearweapon.HerfamousWuexperimentoverturnedthetheoryofparityinphysics.ThisbreakthroughledtoaNobelPrizethatwasawardedtohermalecolleagues,butWu'scriticalroleintheworkwasoverlooked.HedyLamarr(1914～2000)Austria-bornLamarrstarredinalotofHollywoodfilmsandmadegreatsuccess.Shewasalsosupersmartandaself-taughtinventor.Duringthesecondworldwar,LamarrtogetherwithGeorgeAntheil,acomposer,developedaradioguidancesystem.TheprincipleoftheirworkispartofthebasisofBluetoothandwirelesstechnology.KatherineJohns(1918～2020)AfricanAmericanNASAmathematicianJohnson'scalculationswerecriticalingettingthefirstUSastronautstospaceandbacksafely.Duringher33-yearcareeratNASA,Katherineearnedareputationformasteringcomplexcalculationsandwasreferredtoasa“humancomputer”．TuYouyou(1930—)BorninNingbo,Zhejiangprovince,Tusharedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewithtwootherforeignscientists,forherworkindiscoveringartemisinin,adrugusedtotreatmalaria.Herworkhassavedmillionsoflivesallovertheworld.TuisthefirstChineseNobelwinnerinphysiologyormedicineandthefirstfemalecitizenofthePRCtowinaNobelPrize.21．Besidesbeinganinventor,HedyLamarrisalsoa(n)________．A．composerB．producerC．actressD．mathematician22．WhatisTuYouyou'sgreatestcontributiontotheworld?A．Shetreatedpeopleforcancer.B．SheisthefirstChineseNobelwinner.C．Herdiscoveryhelpedsavemillions.D．Herresearchprojectisoneofakind.23．Whatdothefourfemalescientistshaveincommonaccordingtothetext?A．Theysharedthesameinterest.B．Theyeachconstructedatheory.C．TheywereallawardedtheNobelPrize.D．Theyallmadeadifferencetotheworld.B[2023·龍巖市高二第一學期聯考]GeorgeShullwasbornin1874onafarminClarkCounty,Ohio,andhisknowledgeofplantsandhybridscameatanearlyage.Beingneededonthefarm,Shullreceivedhisearlyformaleducationoff__and__on.However,itwassupplemented(增補)byintensehomestudysothatby1892.Hewasteachinginapublicschool,andlaterattendingAntiochCollege.In1901,hegraduatedfromAntiochandwenttotheUniversityofChicagotodograduatework.Withhisknowledgeofbotanyandexperiencewithfarmingpractices,ShullpassedaCivilServiceexam,andwasappointedasabotanicalassistantattheU.S.NationalHerbarium.HealsoworkedattheU.S.BureauofPlantIndustryasabotanicalexpertexaminingtheplantsandanimalsofChesapeakeBayandCurrituckSound.ThedatahecollectedduringthistimewastocomprisehisPh.D.thesis(論文).Andin1904hewasappointedtobeinchargeofplantworkattheStationforExperimentalEvolution.Hebeganworkingoncornin1905.FollowingGregorMendel'sexample,Shullobtainedpurebred(純種的)linesofcornthroughself-pollination(自花授粉).Thepure-bredlineswerelesshealthyandproductive,butwhenhecrossedthepure-bredlines,thehybridyieldswerebetterthananyoftheparentsorthosepollinatedintheopenfields.Heimmediatelyrecognizedthepotentialforusingthisstrategytoimprovecropyields.In1915,ShullacceptedaprofessorshipatPrincetonUniversity.Withhisencouragement,PrincetonUniversityPressbeganthepublicationofanewjournal，Genetics.Shullwasthemanagingeditorfortenyears.Geneticsisstilloneofthetopinternationalsciencejournals.Shullretiredin1942.Heandhiswifespentmostoftheirlateryearswiththeirchildrenandgrandchildren.24．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“offandon”inparagraph1mean?A．Notsurprisingly.B．Veryformally.C．Veryexcellently.D.Notregularly.25．What'sparagraph2mainlyabout?A．GeorgeShull'scontributions.B．GeorgeShull'sresearch.C．GeorgeShull'sworkexperience.D．GeorgeShull'seducation.26．WhatwassospecialaboutShull'smethodofcornbreeding?A．Itcompletelyreliedonself-pollination.B．ItwasfirstpublishedinGenetics.C．ItwaswidelyacceptedinOhio.D．Itfocusedoncrossingpure-bredlines.27．Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopthetext?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Byfollowingtimeorder.C．Bymakingcomparisons.D．Bypresentingascientificstudy.C[2023·山東師范大學高二上學期期中]“Thefailuretoplayisnowaseriousissueanditcallsforactionforchange，”saysSirKenRobinson,aleadingexpertineducation,creativityandhumandevelopment.ThisisthedrivingforcebehindOutdoorClassroomDay—aglobalteacher-ledcampaign,supportedbyDirtisGood,acompanyproducingdailychemicalproducts.OutdoorClassroomDay,takingplaceon17thMayand1stNovemberthisyear,willseeschoolsaroundtheworldswaptheinsidefortheoutsideandtakelearningintotheplaygroundandbeyondtomakeplaytimeakeypartoftheschoolday.Thismightinvolveusingnaturalobjectslikestonestodosums,orgoingonaninsecthunttoencouragecuriosity.Bynow,OutdoorClassroomDayhasgrownfromagrassrootsmovementtoaglobalcampaignthatisexpectedtobenefitfivemillionchildrenandover40，000schoolsfromallaroundtheworldin2018.Thisishelpingtochangethetrendthatseesmanyschoolssellinguporbuildingontheirplaygroundsandcuttingbackonplaytimetomakemoreroomforacademicstudies,whileathomechildren'slivesareincreasinglyfilledwithorganizedactivitiesintendedtohelpthemlearn.Todayglobally61%ofparentssurveyedintheDirtisGoodQualitativeStudysaidthatchildrendon'tknowhowtoplaywithoutusingtechnology.OutdoorClassroomDayismakingplayingtimehappen,with22%ofparticipatingschoolshavingincreasedtheirplaytimesincejoiningthecampaign.93%ofteacherssurveyedsawimprovementsinchildren'screativityafterplayingoutside,and97%believethattimeoutdoorsisnecessaryforchildrentoreachtheirfullpotential.Scientificstudiesshowthatrealplay—theactive,physical,self-directedplay—isessentialforchildrentodevelopkeylifeskillsthatarenottaughtelsewhere.Fewwouldquestionthevalueofdevelopingcreativity,leadership,resourcefulness,andcuriosity.28．WhatdochildrendoonOutdoorClassroomDay?A．HaveP．E.classesontheplaygrounds.B．Haveadayoffandgoplayinganywhere.C．Learnandplaybyusingnaturalthingsoutside.D．Playontheirownwithouttheteachers'guidance.29．Whydochildrenspendlesstimeoutdoors?A．Schoolsstopprovidingplaygrounds.B．Adultsignoretheimportanceofplaytime.C.Parentsprefertohomeschooltheirchildren.D．Technologyhelpschildrenlearnbetterathome.30．What'stheschoolteachers'attitudetowardsthecampaign?A．OpposedB．ColdC．EnthusiasticD．Favourable31．What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Tointroduceanactivity.B．Toadvertiseaproduct.C．Toentertainthepublic.D．Topersuadestudentstoplay.D[2023·湖北省部分高中高二上學期期中]Mostpeoplehavenoideawhattodowiththeirolddrugs.Unusedorexpired(到期的)medicineslyingaroundathomecangetintothewronghands,leadingtoaccidentalpoisoningordrugoverdose.Whendrugsareflushedorsenttolandfill,themedicinescanpolluteourgroundwater,rivers,andstreams,threateninghumanandsealife.Inanefforttofindasolutionfordrugskeptinmedicineboxesorwaterways,theU．S.DrugEnforcementAdministrationlauncheditsfirstNationalTake-BackDayinSeptember2010.Inthedrugtake-backprogram,thereturneddrugsaresenttomedicalwasteincinerators(焚燒爐).However,theprocessoftransportingandburningsuchwastecanreleasegreenhousegasemissionsthatcouldbepotentiallygreaterthanthosegeneratedifthedrugswerepouredintolandfills.“Buttake-backprogramsarepreferredastheyreducetheriskofdrugmisuseandtheincinerationeffectivelyeliminatestheentranceofthesemedicinesintoournation'swaters，”saysTimCarroll,aspokespersonfortheU．S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Perhapssurprisingly,notallunusedmedicinesneedtobethrownaway.Everyyearfivebilliondollars'worthofunexpiredmedicinesendupbeingdesertedintheU.S.“We'rewastingalotofmedicineswhicharealreadypaidfor，”saysAnandiLaw,apatientengagementspecialist.“MillionsofU．S.adultsskipordelaygettingtheirprescriptionsfilledduetohighcosts.Wecouldgivethemtosomebodyelsewhoneedsit.”Now,atleast40stateshavepassedlegislationestablishingdrugdonationprogramsthatallowdrugmanufacturers,medicalandlong-termcarefacilities,andsometimesindividualstodonatetheirunuseddrugs.Forexample,sinceitsstartin2007,Iowa'sprogram,SafeNetRx,hasservedmorethan117，000patientsandredistributednearly54-million-dollarworthofmedicinesandsupplies.Georgia'sprogramformallylaunchedin2018,andithasalreadyfilledprescriptionsworthover50milliondollars.“Alloftheseeffortsarestillrelativelynew，”Carrollsays.“Westillhavealongwaytogountilhouseholdschangetheirhabits.”32．Whatdisadvantageofthedrugtake-backprogramismentionedinparagraph2?A．Itcostslargeamountsofmoney.B．Itincreasesthegreenhouseeffect.C．Itcanproducepoisonouschemicals.D．Itwasteslotsofenergytodealwitholddrugs.33．WhatisTimCarroll'sattitudetowardsthetake-backprogram?A．Cautious.B．Indifferent.C．Supportive.D．Disapproving.34．WhatisAnandiLaw'ssuggestionaboutunusedandunexpiredmedicines?A．Sendingthemtolandfills.B．Sellingthematalowprice.C．Donatingthemtosomeoneinneed.D．Developingtechnologiestorecyclethem.35．Whatdothenumbersinparagraph5mainlyindicate?A．ThechallengingtaskofSafeNetRx.B．Theexpenseofrecyclingunuseddrugs.C．Thesignificanceofhealthcarefacilities.D．Theachievementsofdrugdonationprograms.第二節(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。[2023·遼寧省葫蘆島市高二聯考]Asaparent,youwantyourkidstodotheirbestinschool.Youalreadyknowplentyofsleep,healthyfoodandsomeschoolsuppliesarenecessary.However,whatelsedochildrenneedtobesuccessfulwithoutaprofessionalhomeworkhelper?__36__Keepitordered.__37__Hence,haveyourkidskeepaheadoftheirhomeworkwithanorganizedsystem.Forexample,theycoulduseaschedulingapplicationlikeAsanaorTrellotomanageprojectswitharrangeddates,ortheymightsticktoanold-fashionedpenandapaperplanner.Seewhatworksbestforthemandgofromthere.Breakprojectsdown.Manychildrengetstressedoutwhentheyhavebigassignmentsdue.__38__Oftenpeoplegetfrightenedbythedifficultyoftaskswithoutunderstandingthatthelargetaskisactuallyjustmadeupofsmallerones.Anothersolutionistouseaprojectproposaltohelpkeepthemontrackwithhomeworkandprojects.Avoiddelayingtasks.Onemistakestudentsusuallymakeispostponingunpleasantworkanddeliberatelylookingfordistraction.Teachyourchildrenthattheworkloadisn'tgoingtogetsmalleriftheywaitlonger.__39____40__Thereareagrowingnumberofonlinereferencesandhomeworkresources.Notonlywillyourchildrenbebetterpreparedforclassthenextday,butthey'llalsolearnavaluablelessonabouthowtoresearchandfindinformationonline.Fromthemyoucanalsofindideasforeducationalactivitiesthatyoucandowithyourchildren.A.Gethelponline.B．Focusonhomework.C．Onlineapplicationsarebecomingmoreandmorepopular.D．Herearesometipsfromeducatorsandprofessionalsforhelpingyourchildrenwithit—bothathomeandschoolcampus.E．Organizationisthekeytosuccess,becauseitcanmaximizeefficiency.F．Teachthemtobreaklargerprojectsintosmallerpieces.G．Instead,itwillonlybecomelargerandseemmoredifficulttogetstarted.第三部分語言運用(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。[2023·山東省青島地區高二上學期期中]DrLinQiaozhiwasanamazingwomandoctorinChina.Atage18,insteadoffollowingthe__41__pathofmarriage,shechosetostudymedicine.“Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?Findingagood__42__shouldbetheirfinalgoal！”herbrother__43__，thinkingofthehightuitionfees.Sheresponded,“I'dratherstay__44__tostudyallmylife！”Eightyearslater,LingraduatedfromPekingUnionMedicalCollege(PUMC)andbecameadoctor.Later,shewassenttostudyintheUS.Shegreatly__45__herAmericancolleagues,whoinvitedhertostay.DrLin,however,__46__theoffer.Shewantedtoservethepeopleat__47__.In1941,thehospitalwas__48__becauseofthewar.Thinkingofthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,DrLinopeneda__49__clinic(診所)whereshe__50__verylowfeestotreatpatients.In1954,shewaselectedtothefirstNationalPeople'sCongressand,overthenextyears,sheheldmanyimportant__51__.However,shewasmore__52__intendingpatientsandtrainingthenextgenerationofdoctors.ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried,she__53__the“motheroftenthousandbabies”，havingdeliveredover50，000babiesinherlifetime.DrLindidnot__54__untilthedayshedied,22April1983.Shelefthersavingstoakindergartenandafundfornew__55__.41．A.smooth B．traditional C．essential D．complicated42．A.job B．chance C．college D．husband43．A.complained B．agreed C．advised D．explained44．A.single B．poor C．young D．active45．A.surprised B．excited C．impressed D．influenced46．A.rejected B．thanked C．appreciated D．lost47．A.hospital B．ease C．home D．once48．A.gone B．rebuilt C．enlarged D．closed49．A.private B．small C．modern D．special50．A.paid B．reduced C．charged D．refused51．A.meetings B．views C．positions D．shares52．A.strict B．interested C．nervous D．anxious53．A.regrettedfor B．wasknownas C．wasinfavorof D．wasproudof54．A.work B．struggle C．relax D．retire55．A.times B．doctors C．medicine D．prize第二節(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。[2023·河北省邢臺市高二上學期第一次檢測]HuangWenxiu,anofficialinBainivillageinBaise,GuangxiZhuangautonomousregion,56.________(lose)herlifeattheageof30whenaflashfloodsweptherawayasshewasdrivingbacktowork.Afterearning57.________master'sdegreefromBeijingNormalUniversityin2016,HuangreturnedtoBaise,herhometown,insteadofseekingacareerinthecapital.“Igrewupinaremotemountainousvillage58.________quiteanumberoffolkarestrugglingwithpoverty,andallIwishistodomypart59.________(improve)theirlives，”sheoncesaid.Withthegoalofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects,theChinesegovernmentsteppedup60.________(it)nationwidecampaigntoremovepovertyin2015.Huangvolunteeredtojointhegrassrootspovertyalleviation(基層扶貧)effortand61.________(appoint)PartychiefofBainiin2018.Huangintroducedtangerine(橘)growingtechniquestothevillage,expandedtheplantingareaandemphasizedthe62.________(important)ofe-commercesales.Thanks63.________Huang'seffortsduringhertimeinoffice,thevillagecollectiveeconomydeveloped64.________(rapid).418villagersfrom88householdswereliftedoutofpoverty,withthevillage'spovertyrate65.________(decrease)from22.88percentto2.71percent.第四部分寫作(共兩節，滿分40分)第一節(滿分15分)[2023·河北省保定市高二上學期期末]假設你是李華。為了響應國家“了解中國科技發展的偉大成就，堅定文化自信”的號召，你校計劃舉辦一場主題為“WhatMakesaGreatScientist？”的演講比賽，請你寫一篇英語演講稿參賽。內容包括：1．列舉一位偉大的科學家；2．偉大的原因；3．你的感想。注意：1．詞數應為80左右；2．可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。[2023·廈門實驗中學高二上學期期中]Whenshewastwelveyearsold,RahaearnedascholarshiptostudyataboardingschoolinEngland.HerfathertoldhertostudyhardandpracticerunningeverydayinEngland.Shenoddedbecausethatismucheasierthanstayinghappyinacompletelynewcountry.Severaldayslater,shekissedherfamilyandboardedtheplaneforEngland.Astheplanetookoff,shelookedoutofthewindowatthegoatsandbrownriversofKenya.Shestareddownatthegreenfield