SpringFestival旅游英語課程組

Itwasrecordedthat,ChinesebegantocelebratetheChineseNewYear,alsoknownastheSpringFestival,fromabout2000BC,thoughthecelebrationswereheldondifferenttimesunderdifferentemperors.TheystartedtocelebratetheChineseNewYearonthefirstdayofthelunarcalendarbasedonEmperorWuDioftheHanDynasty.CONTENT目錄I.OriginIII.SpecialFoodsII.CustomsIV.BeliefsIOriginOriginItsoriginistoooldtobetraced.Severalexplanationshavebeenaround.Allagree,however,thatthecharacterNian,whichmeans“year”inmodemChinese,wasoriginallythenameofamonsterwhichstartedtopreyonpeoplethenightbeforethebeginningofanewyear.關(guān)于“年”的傳說Thelegendof"Nian"OriginOnelegendgoesthatthebeastNianhadaverybigmouththatwouldswallowagreatmanypeoplewithonebite.Peoplewereveryscared.Oneday,anoldmancametotheirrescue,offeringtosubdueNian.稻殼優(yōu)創(chuàng)意OriginToNianhesaid,“Ihearthatyouareverycapable,butcanyouswallowtheotherbeastsofpreyonearthinsteadofpeoplewhoarebynomeansofyourworthyopponents?”So,itdidswallowmanyofthebeastsofpreyonearththatalsoharassedpeopleandtheirdomesticanimalsfromtimetotime.OriginAfterthat,theoldmandisappearedridingthebeastNian.Heturnedouttobeanimmortal.NowthatNianisgoneandotherbeastsofpreyarealsoscaredintoforests,peoplebegintoenjoytheirpeacefullife.OriginBeforetheoldmanleft,hehadtoldpeopletoputupredpaperdecorationsontheirwindowsanddoorsandblowupfirecrackersateachyear’sendtoscareawayNianincaseitsneakedbackagain,becauseNianwassensitivetoloudnoisesandthecolourred.OriginFromthenon,thetraditionofcelebratingtheconquestofNianiscarriedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Theterm“guonian”,whichmayliterallymean“SurvivetheNian”,becomestoday“Celebratethe(New)Year”astheword“guo”inChinesehavingboththemeaningof“pass-over”and“observe”.OriginThecustomofputtingupredpaperandfiringfire-crackerstoscareawayNianisstillaround.However,peopletodayhavelongforgottenwhytheyaredoingallthis,exceptthattheyfeelthecolourandthesoundaddtotheexcitementofthecelebration.IICustomsSocialcustomsandhabits風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣UsuallythepreparationstartsamonthbeforetheNewYear.Chinesefamiliesgivetheirhomeathoroughcleaning,knownas“springcleaning”.Itisbelievedthecleaningsweepsawaybadluckoftheprecedingyearandmakestheirhomesreadyforgoodluck.Preparation掃塵Broomsanddustpansareputawayonthefirstdaysothatgoodluckcannotbesweptaway.稻殼優(yōu)創(chuàng)意Socialcustomsandhabits風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣Thepreparationalsoincludesdecoratingthehouse,buyingnewclothes,preparingenoughfoodforatleasttwoweeks.Thedecorationsarehighlysymbolicwithalotofluckywords,printedpaintingsandredcolourseverywhere.Preparation稻殼優(yōu)創(chuàng)意Socialcustomsandhabits風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣Kidsarebusyinshoppingfordifferentkindsoffirecrackers.EveryonegetsahaircutbeforetheNewYear.SoeverythingandeveryonelooksnewandfreshontheNewYear.Preparation稻殼優(yōu)創(chuàng)意Socialcustomsandhabits風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣TheNewYear’sEveisthetimeforfamilies.Usuallythereisareuniondinnerheldformembersofthefamily,nearandfar,whohavegottogetherforcelebration.Thevenuewillusuallybeinthehomeornearthehomeofthemostseniormemberofthefamily.ReunionDinner稻殼優(yōu)創(chuàng)意年夜飯Socialcustomsandhabits風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣Thereuniondinnerisverysumptuousandfullofsymbolicmeanings.Traditionallyitincludeschickenandfish.Fishisincluded,butnoteatenupcompletely(andtheremainderisstoredovernight),becauseaverypopularChinesephrase,niannianyouyu,whichmeans“maytherebesurpluseseveryyear”,soundsthesameas“maytherebefisheveryyear”.ReunionDinner稻殼優(yōu)創(chuàng)意年夜飯Socialcustomsandhabits風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣MostNorthernersservejiaozi,ordumplings,asthemaindishinthisfestiveseasonandmanyChinesearoundtheworlddothesame.ItisbelievedthatdumplingsresembleancientChinesegoldorsilveringots.Everyone,evenkids,drinksalittle“Jiu”(usuallyhardliquor),whichsymbolizeslongevitysinceJiuhasthesamepronunciationas“l(fā)ongevity”inChinese.ReunionDinner稻殼優(yōu)創(chuàng)意吃餃子Socialcustomsandhabits風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣BamboostemsfilledwithgunpowderthatwereburnttocreatesmallexplosionswereonceusedinancientChinatodriveawayevilspirits.Inmoderntimes,thismethodhaseventuallyevolvedintotheuseoffirecrackersduringthefestiveseason.Firecrackers稻殼優(yōu)創(chuàng)意放鞭炮Socialcustomsandhabits風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣Firecrackersareusuallystrungonalongfusedstringsoitcanbehungdown.Eachfirecrackerisrolledupinredpapers,asredisauspicious,withgunpowderinitscore.Firecrackers稻殼優(yōu)創(chuàng)意放鞭炮Socialcustomsandhabits風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣WhentheclockringstoannouncethearrivaloftheNewYear,manyhouseholderssetofffireworks,atalmostthesametime,creatingathunderousroarandcloudsofsmoke.Thisusuallylastsforafewhours.Somepeoplewillcontinuetoplayfirecrackersoccasionallythroughoutthefirsthalfofthefirstmonth.Firecrackers稻殼優(yōu)創(chuàng)意放鞭炮Socialcustomsandhabits風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣Thisceremonialuseoffirecrackersismeanttosendofftheoldandusherinthenew,andtoscareawayevilspiritsaswell.Firecrackers稻殼優(yōu)創(chuàng)意放鞭炮貼春聯(lián)CustomSpringCoupletsIthasbeenalong-preservedcustomoverthousandsofyearsfortheChinesepeopletocelebratetheSpringFestivalbyhangingupspringcouplets(chunlian).貼春聯(lián)CustomSpringCoupletsThespringcoupletisaspecialtypeofduilian,orChinesecouplets,usedduringtheChineseNewYearaspartofitscelebration.Usually,itconsistsofacoupletwrittenonverticalstripsofredpaperinthebestcalligraphicstyleonecanmuster.貼春聯(lián)CustomSpringCoupletsThefirst(calledupper)lineispostedontherightsideofthefrontdoor.Thesecond(calledlower)lineispostedontheleftsideofthefrontdoor.Inaddition,athirdhorizontalpiecemaybepostedacrossandontopthedoor.貼春聯(lián)CustomSpringCoupletsItissaidthatspringcoupletsoriginatedfrom“peachwoodcharms”.DuringtheFiveDynasties(907-960),theEmperorMengChanginscribedaninspiredcoupletonapeachslat,beginningacustomwhichgraduallyevolvedintotoday’spopularcustomofpasting-upspringcouplets.NowadaysChinesepeopleputupspringcoupletstoexpressthePeople’swishforapeacefulandhappynewyear.貼門神CustomDoorGodPortraitsBesidesspringcouplets,doorgodportraitsmayalsobeputuponthedoorsofChinesefamiliesduringtheSpringFestival.AdoorgodportraitisaChinesedecorationplacedoneachsideofanentrytoatemple,home,business,etc.believedtokeepevilspiritsfromentering.貼福字CustomPostingFuInaddition,itisalsocommontohangupcalligraphicwritingsoftheChinesecharactersfor“spring”,“wealth”and“blessing”.Somepeopletendtoinvertthesewritingsbecause,inChinese,thecharacterfor“inverted”isahomonymforthatfor“arrive”,thussignifyingthatspring,wealthorblessinghasarrived.壓歲錢CustomRedPacketsGivingHongbaoorredpacketsduringtheChineseNewYearisanothertradition.Aredpacketissimplyaredenvelopewithmoneyinit,whichsymbolizesluckandwealth.RedpacketsarepassedoutduringtheChineseNewYear’scelebration,frommarriedcouplesortheelderlytounmarriedjuniors.壓歲錢CustomRedPacketsItiscommonforadultstogiveredpacketstochildren.Redpacketsarealsoknownasyasuiqian,(whichmeans,literally,“themoneyusedtosuppressorputdowntheevilspirit”)duringthisperiod.Generallyspeaking,amarriedpersoncannotturndownachild’srequestforaredpacket,becauseitmeansthatthispersonwouldbe“outofluck”inthenewyear.壓歲錢CustomRedPacketsTheamountofmoneyintheredpacketsmayvary,butshoudbeofevennumbers,asoddnumbersareassociatedwithcashgivenduringfunerals.拜新年CustomNewYearGreetingsTheChineseNewYearisalsothetimeforsocializing.peopleusuallywearnewclothesandgoouttovisitandgreettheirrelatives,friendsandevenneighbours,sothestreetsarefilledwithalotofcheerfulpeople.拜新年CustomNewYearGreetingsWhentheymeet,theyusuallygreeteachhotherloudlyandenthusiasticallywithauspiciouswordsorphrases,suchas“HappyNewYear”(guonianhao,orxinniankuaile)and“CongratulationsandBeProsperous”(gongxifacai)etc.IIISpecialFoodsSpecialFoodsInChina,peoplefromnorthandsouthhavedifferenthabitsaboutthefoodstheyeatontheSpringFestival.AmongthefoodsmostpopularinsouthChinaisNiangao(literally“yearcake”);whileinthenorth,themostcommonfoodfortheSpringFestivalisJiaozi(ordumpling).SpecialFoodsNiangaoisaricepuddingpreparedfromglutinousrice.InChinese,gao,orcake,isahomonoymfor“high”.Niangaoisalsocallednianniangao,whichisahomonymfortheChinesephrasewhichmeans“highereachyear”.Thusbyniangao,theChineseareinfactexpressingtheirhopeforprogress,promotionandimprovementinlifeyearbyyear.Dumplings餃子Commondumplingmeatfillingsincludepork,mutton,beef,chicken,fish,andshrimpwhichareusuallymixedwithchoppedvegetables.Popularvegetablefillingsincludecabbage,scallion(springonions),andChinesechives.Dumplingsareeatenwithasoysauce-baseddippingsaucethatmayincludevinegar,garlicandseasameoil.InnorthChina,peopleusuallyeatJiaozi,(ordumpling),whichisshapedlikeacrescentmoon.Thisdumplingconsistsofameatand/orvegetablefillingwrapedintoathinlyrolledpieceofdough,whichisthensealedbypressingtheedgestogether.Dumplings餃子TheshapeofJiaoziresemblesaChinesegoldorsilveringot;therforetheysymbolizegoodfortuneinthecomingyear.Traditionally,familiesgettogethertoslaughtered,themeatgroundandwrappedintodumplings,andfrozenoutsidewiththehelpofthefreezingweather.ThentheyareboiledandservedfortheChineseNewYearfeast.IVBeliefsChinesenewyear'sday正月初一Goodluck:---Openingwindowsand/ordoorisconsideredto“bringin”thegoodluckofthenewyear.---Switchingonthelightsforthenightisconsideredgoodluckto“scareaway”ghostandspiritsofmisfortunethatmaycompromisetheluckandfortuneofthenewyear.---Candyiseatentoensuretheconsumera“sweet”year.114053860@Chinesenewyear'sday正月初一Goodluck:---ItisimportanttohavethehousecompletelycleanfromtoptobottombeforeNewYear’sDayforgoodluckinthecomingyear.---Somebelievethatwhathappensonthefirstdayofthenewyearreflectstherestoftheyeartocome.Asianswilloftengambleatthebeginningoftheyear,hopingtogetluckandprosperity.114053860@Chinesenewyear'sday正月初一Badluck:---Buyingapairofshoe