17四月2024國際貿易法Chapter23ITLContractLawsContents3.1BriefIntroduction

3.2Seller’sObligation

3.3Buyer’sObligation

4/17/20242Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.1BriefIntroduction1.PrincipleofExecutinganInternationalContractofGoods

2.TypesoftheParties’obligations4/17/20243Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract1.PrinciplesofExecutingStrictconformingtothecontractprinciple[1]

Theprincipleofgoodfaith[2].theseprinciplesmaynotbestipulatedexpressedly,butthejudgeinchargewillapplysuchprincipleswhentherearenodirectrules.

[1]

嚴格履行原則[2]

誠實信用原則4/17/20244Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract2.TypesoftheParties’obligationscontractedobligation[1]

legalobligation[2]

[1]

合同義務[2]

法定義務4/17/20245Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

1.DeliverGoods2.TheTurningOverofDocuments

3.QualityGuarantee

4.Inspection

5.GuaranteefortheGoodsisFree

4/17/20246Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

1.DeliverGoods(1)Placefordelivery

(2)Timefordelivery

specificgoods[1],orunidentifiedgoods[2]

[1]特定物Specificthing：Special,cannotbereplacedbyothergoods.Specify特定化:Makingacertaingoodsisunderacontract.Forexample,markingbuyer’snameongoods.

[2]種類物Unidentifiedthing：Goodsthathascommoncharactersandisdecidedbyitsvariety品種,規格specification,quality質量orcapacity度量.4/17/20247Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

2.TurnOverofDocuments

PLStellustheDOCsyouknow.Whatshouldthesellerwhenturningoverthedocuments?4/17/20248Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

2.TurnOverofDocuments

Case:AChineseCo.importedsomewoolfromAustrilia.AftertheestablishmentofL/C,thebuyeraskedthesellertomakedeliveryontime.Buttheselleraskedthebuyertoturnoveracertificateoforiginfirstsothattheycouldexecutethewholecontract,orthesellerwillhavetocancelthecontractandclaimforcompensation.Q:Whatisyourreplyifyouarealegaladviseroftheseller?

4/17/20249Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

3.QualityGuarantee

(1)Civillawsystem’srules

(2)Anglo-AmericanLawsystem

(3)CISG

(4)ChineseContractLaw

4/17/202410Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

3.QualityGuarantee

Whatisqualityguarantee?4/17/202411Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

3.QualityGuarantee

(1)Civillawsystem’srules

(2)Anglo-AmericanLawsystem

(3)CISG

(4)ChineseContractLaw

4/17/202412Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

3.QualityGuarantee

(1)Civillawsystem’srules

TheGermanCivilCoderulesthatthesellermustguaranteethatthegoodshesellsisofnodefectsthatwilldecreasethevalueofinfluencetheusageofthegoods.

4/17/202413Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

3.QualityGuarantee

(2)Anglo-AmericanLawsystem

SalesofGoodsAct1973

UCC

impliedWarrantyvs.ExpressWarranties

4/17/202414Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

3.QualityGuarantee

(3)CISG

(A):requiredbythecontract.(B):particularpurposeexpresslyorimpliedlymadeknowntotheselleratthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontract,exceptwherethecircumstancesshowthatthebuyerdidnotrely,orthatitwasunreasonableforhimtorely,ontheseller'sskillandjudgment;(C)sampleormodel;(D)ordinaryuse;(E)usualpacking4/17/202415Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

3.QualityGuarantee

(4)ChineseContractLawarticle62Ifqualityrequirementwasnotclearlyprescribed,performanceshallbeinaccordancewiththestatestandardorindustrystandard;absentanystateorindustrystandard,performanceshallbeinaccordancewiththecustomarystandardoranyparticularstandardconsistentwiththepurposeofthecontract

Isitofnoproblem?

4/17/202416Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContractCaseAChinesecompanyexportedaparcelofconnelstoGermany.Theimportertoldtheexporterthattheconnelsimportedwastobeusedtomakeicecream.WhenthegoodsarrivedinHamburg,theimporterclaimforcompensationastheconnelwasnotfitforicecream.Q:Whatshouldtheexporterdo?

4/17/202417Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

4.Inspection

Whatisinspection?Whyweneedinspectioninforeigntrade?4/17/202418Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

4.Inspection

(1)TimeRequirments：(A)practicableshortperiod.(B)Ifinvolvescarriageofthegoods,afterthegoodshavearrivedattheirdestination.(C)Ifredirectedintransitorredispatchedbythebuyerwithoutareasonableopportunityforexaminationbyhimandatthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontractthesellerkneworoughttohaveknownofthepossibilityofsuchredirectionorredispatch,afterthegoodshavearrivedatthenewdestination.

4/17/202419Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

4.Inspection

(2)Claim：Inanyevent,thebuyerlosestherighttorelyonalackofconformityofthegoodsifhedoesnotgivethesellernoticethereofatthelatestwithinaperiodoftwoyearsfromthedateonwhichthegoodswereactuallyhandedovertothebuyer,unlessthistime-limitisinconsistentwithacontractualperiodofguarantee.

4/17/202420Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

4.Inspection

(3)ExceptionThesellerisnotentitledtorelyontheprovisionsofarticles38and39ofCISGifthelackofconformityrelatestofactsofwhichhekneworcouldnothavebeenunawareandwhichhedidnotdisclosetothebuyer.[1]

[1]買方知道或應當知道貨物存在缺陷而不提出，不適用38、39條。4/17/202421Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContractCase1Theapplicantandtherespondent[1]signedapurchasecontract.Afterreceivingthefirstlotofthegoodsunderthecontract,theapplicantfoundthatthegoodsagglomerated[2].SoheaskedforcompensationthenextdayandarrangedinspectionbySGS.Therespondentrefusedtocompensateandclaimedthatagglomerationisnormal.TheinspectionreportfromSGSshowedthatthecontainerwasinperfectconditionandmostofthegoodswereagglomerated.Andthesamethinghappenedtothesecondlot.Theapplicantaskedtherespondenttopayfortheregrainningcostandrepackingcost.Q:Shouldtherespondentberesponsible?[1]被申請人[2]結塊4/17/202422Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContractCase2AninlandfactoryauthorizedatradingcompanyinTianjintobuyanewmachine.TheTjianjinCompanyconcludedandtransactionandthestipulatedperiodforclaimwas45daysafterarrivingthedestinationport.AfterthegoodsarrivedatTianjinport,theTianjincompanysentittotheinlandfactory.Asthefactorywasbusyinbuidingthenewproductionplant.Soafter6months,thefactoryopenthepackingofthemachineandfoundthatitwasnotnew.Q:canthecompanyaskforcompensation?4/17/202423Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContractCase31990.9.3,theapplicantsignedacontractwiththerespondent.Andthecontractread:（1）therespondantsells280metrictonsofearthnutatUSD730permetricton，FOBSTHuangbu,Guangzhou.ThetotalvalueisUSD208050.（2）shipment：Before1990.9（3）L/C（4）Inspection:ChinaInspectionBureaubeforeshipment,andthebuyerhavetherighttore-inspectbyentrustingSGS.Claimwithin45daysafterarrivingthedestinationport.Theshipmentwasmadeaccordingtothecontract.4/17/202424Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContractTheS.S.arrivedattheU.SonNov.4,1990.ThegoodswereputtingintothewarehouseinBirminghamduringNov.19to26,1990.AndtheapplicantarrangedinspectionbySGS.Theinspectionreportshowedthatthegoodsdeliveredwerenotinconformitywiththecontract.theapplicantclaimforcompensationagainsttherespondentbutwithnoresult.SotheapplicantsummittedthecasetoarbitrationonApril19,1991.Q:Cantheapplicanthavethecompensation?4/17/202425Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

5.GuaranteefortheGoodsisFree

Whatistheguaranteeforthegoodsisfree?4/17/202426Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

5.GuaranteefortheGoodsisFree

Whatistheguaranteeforthegoodsisfree?4/17/202427Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.2Seller’sObligation

5.GuaranteefortheGoodsisFree

CISG:thesellermustdelivergoods,whicharefreefromanyrightorclaimofathirdparty,unlessthebuyeragreedtotakethegoodssubjecttothatrightorclaim.4/17/202428Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContractCase1OneChinesecompanysold300metrictonsofquininetoArgentina.OncethegoodsarrivedattheportofArgentina,thecustomconfiscatedthegoodsforitcontainedsalicylicacid.BoththesellerandthebuyerdidnotknowthattheSalicylicacidwasbanedtobesoldinArgentina.Q:Whoshouldtaketheresponsibility?4/17/202429Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContractCase2In1990,oneChinesecompaysoldsomemachinestoaFrenchcompanyandtheFrenchcompanyresoldthemtosomeotherEuropeancountries.WhenthegoodsweresoldinGerman,aGermancompanysuedtheFrenchcompanyforviolatinghisintellectualproperty.

AndthecourtheldthattheFrenchcompanyshouldtaketheresponsibility.Afterlosingthecase,theFrenchcompanyaskedtheChinesecompanytopayfortheloss.Q:ShouldtheChinesecompanyberesponsible?4/17/202430Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.3Buyer’sObligation1.PaymentofthePrice

2.TakingDelivery

4/17/202431Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.3Buyer’sObligation1.PaymentofthePrice

ifthebuyerisnotboundtopaythepriceatanyotherparticularplace,hemustpayittotheseller:(a)attheseller’splaceofbusiness;or(b)ifthepaymentistobemadeagainstthehanding-overofthegoodsorofdocuments,attheplacewherethehanding-overtakesplace.Thesellermustbearanyincreaseintheexpensesincidentaltopaymentwhichiscausedbyachangeinhisplaceofbusinesssubsequenttotheconclusionofthecontract.

4/17/202432Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContract3.3Buyer’sObligation2.TakingDelivery

(a)Indoingalltheactswhichcouldreasonablybeexpectedofhiminordertoenablethesellertomakedelivery;and(b)Intakingoverthegoods.

4/17/202433Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContractCase1UnderaFOBcontract,thebuyerwasresponsibleforarrangingshipment.Thesellerhadthegoodsreadyforshipmentasperthecontractbutshiparrangedbythebuyerfailedtoarriveattheloadingportintimeandfailedtotakedelivery.Thegoodsweredamagedrightonthenextdayoftheshipmentdate.Q:Whoshouldbearthelossofthegoods?4/17/202434Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContractCase2 Thebuyer,oneChinesecompanysignedapurchasecontractwithanU.K.companyonMay14,1992.Thesellersold8000metrictonsofchemicalsforshipementinJulytoDec.fromHamburg.ThebuyerinstructedtheissuingbanktoissueanL/Casperthecontractandurgedthedeliveryofthegoodsfromtheseller.Thesellerapologizedforthelateshipmentandaskedtoincreasethepriceofthegoods.Bingrefusedbythebuyer;thesellerexecutedonepartofthecontractandaskedforincreasmentofthepricebutfailedagain.

OnNov.16th,1994,thebuyerurgedtheselleragainbutofnoresult.Q:Canthebuyeraskedforcompensation?

4/17/202435Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContractCase3OnJanuary30th,1991,theapplicant(theseller)signedacontractwiththerespondent(thebuyer)forselling100tonsofzincatUSD630pertonClFHongKong,shipmentbeforeFeb,5th,1991,termsofpaymentisbyD/P.Later,bothpartiesagreedtoincreasethequantityto160tons,withothertermsandcondictionsuntouched.OnFeb.2nd,1991,therespondentappliedforremittanceoftotalvalueofthecontract,USD161,975.OnFeb.4th,1991,theapplicanteffect58.25tonsofgoodsandthegoodsarrivedattheportofdestinationonFeb.11th,1991.Thebuyeracceptedthegoodsandthencanceledtheremittanceapplication.4/17/202436Chapter2ITLContractLawsUnit3ExecutingaContractSo,theapplicantdidnothavehismoneybackandthenstophandingoverthegoods.Therespondentaskedtheapplicantfordamagesforfailingtohandoverthebalancegoodsandclaimedthatiftheapplicantagreetopayforthedamagesandtherespondentwillpayforthe58.25tonsofgoods.Q:Whoshouldtaketheresponsibility?4/17/202437Chapter