2021年新高考英語重難點練03

閱讀理解之說明文

【命題趨勢】

閱讀理解說明文，是對事物或事理進行客觀說明的一種文體，在結(jié)構上往往采用總分、遞進等方式

按一定的順序（如時間、空間、從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)）進行說明。最近五年，說明文的出現(xiàn)變化不大，一直很穩(wěn)

定，選材通常是各學科的前沿問題；高科技領域的科研成果；人們比較關心的社會問題；人文方面的經(jīng)典。

由于閱讀理解題的設置采用漸進式，即由簡到難的方式，因此說明文是高考試卷中閱讀理解題中相對比較

難的，通常后置。閱讀理解試題的考點之一是考查學生對詞匯和句式的掌握。說明文的詞匯和句式的運用

較別的體裁的文章難度更大。詞匯運用靈活，同一詞的不同詞性的用法交替出現(xiàn)，未列入考綱的生詞較多,

通常達到了4-5%o不過考生可以通過說明文的語言特點來幫助理解語篇，例如，同位語、下定義、解釋、

舉例、同義詞、反義詞、上下義詞以及標點符號（如破折號、冒號都有表示解釋和說明）等。

【應試策略】

閱讀理解說明文的設問主要主要以細節(jié)事實、主旨大意和猜測詞義三方面問題為主。

一、詞義猜測類題型

詞義的猜測貫穿在文章的閱讀理解之中。解這類題目一般是通過上下文去理解或根據(jù)構詞法去猜測。判斷

一個單詞的意思不但離不開句子，而且還需要把句子放在上下文中，根據(jù)上下文提供的線索加以猜測。運

用構詞法，語境等推測關鍵詞義。

二、主旨大意類題型

主旨大意類題型主要測試學生對文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某

段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。怎樣把握主旨大意題呢？通常有以下幾種方法：

可以通過閱讀文章的標題或副標題、尋找文章的主題句或高頻詞。

《真題再現(xiàn)》

Passsage1【2020.全國新高考n山東卷】

AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabits

ofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushould

avoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份），it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneed

toavoid.

Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,

95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly（表面上）participateinastudyabout

movieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbythe

researchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasesshewore

aspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.

Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,taking

morefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.

Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,

shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantly

morecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.

Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellow

participantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe"I'llhavewhatshe'shaving^^effect.However,we'Hadjustthe

influence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhis

eatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?

1.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?

A.Foodsafety.B.Movieviewership.

C.Consumerdemand.D.Eatingbehavior.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles“inparagraph1referto?

A.Bigeaters.B.Overweightpersons.

C.Pickyeaters.D.Tallthinpersons.

3.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?

A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.

B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.

C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.

D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.

4.Onwhatbasisdowe"adjusttheinfluence,,accordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Howhungryweare.B.Howslimwewanttobe.

C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.

Passsage2【2020?全國新課標i]

Returningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There'sawelcome

familiarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.But

booksdon'tchange,peopledo.Andthat'swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.

Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It's

true,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it'sallaboutthepresent.It'saboutthenow

andwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopull

theirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisErnestHemningway's

AMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating

（令人陶醉的），anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard'sHolythe

Firm,herpoetic1975ramble（隨筆）abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar'sSaveTwilight:

SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.

WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningI

attachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor'sworkis

thehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.But

remember,ifsyouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.

1.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?

A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.

B.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.

C.It'sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.

D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas!?

A.It'sabriefaccountofatrip.

B.It'saboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.

C.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.

D.It'saboutHemingway'sfriendsinParis.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword'*currency”inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt

B.Reward.

C.Allowance.

D.Facevalue.

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.Helovespoetry.

B.He'saneditor.

C.He'sveryambitious.

D.Heteachesreading.

Passsage3【2020.全國新課標in】

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslook

deeperintoourgenes（基因），theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.

PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaand

northernEuropehavegainedamutation（突變）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoair

ortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.The

Bajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.

Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastal

waters."Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwho

studiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingas

divers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthan

uslocalislanders/Dr.Jubiladosaid.4tIcouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea."

In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardaboutthe

Bajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethe

taskeasierforthem,“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,'1saidDr.Ilardo.

ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.299

1.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.

2.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?

A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.

3.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders,SurvivalSkills

C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld'sBestDivers

Passsage4【2019?全國新課標i]

Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物測量）

technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestill

expensive,though.

ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（裝置）thatgetsaroundthis

problem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（節(jié)奏）withwhichonetypesandthe

pressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboai-dcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingslikethe

forceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,the

keyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputer

it'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.

Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesa

keyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.

Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch"fourtimesusing

thesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhow

theytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardto

commercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenear

future.

1.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?

A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.

C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.

2.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?

A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.

B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.

C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.

D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.

3.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?

A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.

C.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.Ifllhelpspeeduptyping.

4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.B.AguidebookC.Anovel.D.Amagazine.

《精選最新試題模擬訓練》（定時訓練，建議每篇6到7分鐘）

Passage1閱讀理解【河北省2021屆高三上學期11月聯(lián)考】

AstronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationwillsoontestanewovenformakingchocolatechipcookies.

AspaceshipcarryingthecookingequipmentandothersupplieswaslaunchedonSaturdayfromtheWallopsFlight

FacilityintheUnitedStates.Theshipment,weighing3,700kilograms,reachedthespacestationonMonday.The

goalistoexplorethepossibilityofmakingfreshlybakedcookiesforspacetravelers.

AmericancompanyNanoracksdesignedandbuilttheovenandhelpedwithorganizingtheflighttothespace

station.HiltonDoubleTreehotelssuppliedthecookiedough（生面團）theastronautswilluse.

Inthepast,spacestationcrewshavecreatedtheirownpizzasusingathin,flatpieceofbreadknownas

flatbread.Astronautshavetriedothercreativewaystomakefood,suchascreatingsaladsfromvegetablesgrownin

thespacestation.Resultshavebeenmixed.

Thecookiebakingwillbeaslowprocess.Theovencanheatjustonecookieatatime.Thetestcouldtake

weeksbeforetheastronautshavechancetotryoutfreshlybakedcookies.

Fiveunbakedcookieshavebeeninaspacestationfreezerforseveralweeks.Eachisinitsownindividualclear

bagmadeoutofsilicone.Theovencanheatfoodstotemperaturesashighas177degreesCelsius.Thatistwicethe

temperatureoftheU.S.andRussianfoodwarmersonthespacestation.Theovenuseselectricheatingelements.

MaryMurphyiswithNanoracks.Murphysayssheexpectsabakingtimeof15to20minutesforeachcookie

whentheovenisheatedtoabout163degreesCelsius.Sheaddsthatthesmellofbakingcookiesshouldfillthe

spacestationeachtimeacookiecomesoutoftheoven.

Theoven'sfirstusewillbetherealtest.Withouttheforceofgravity,theastronautsdonotknowexactlyhow

thecookiewilllook.Threeofthespace-bakedcookiesaretobereturnedtoEarthfortesting.

12.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethenewoventest?

A.Time-consuming.

B.Energy-saving.

C.Meaningless.

D.Successful.

13.What'stheadvantageofthenewovenovertheRussianfoodwarmer?

A.Itheatsupmuchfaster.

B.It*smoreconvenienttouse.

C.Ithasalargercookingspace.

D.Itcanheatuptoahighertemperature.

14.Whatwillmakethecookie'sappearanceinthenewovenuncertain?

A.Thebakingtime.

B.Theheatingmethod.

C.Theabsenceofgravity.

D.Thespeedoftemperaturerise.

15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.CookingEquipmentinSpaceStation

B.CookiesComingfromtheInternationalSpaceStation

C.CreativeWaysAstronautsMakeFoodinSpaceStation

D.ANewOventoBeTestedtoMakeCookiesinSpaceStation

Passage2閱讀理解【廣東省2021屆高三新高考適應性測試卷（一）】

WestNileisatropicaldiseasethatbeginsinbirds,whichpassitontomosquitoesthatthengoontoinfect

humanbeingswithbites.MostpeoplewhocontractWestNiledonotexperienceanysymptomsatall,but,ifthey

do,symptomstypicallydevelopbetween3to14daysafteramosquitobite.About1in5personssuffersfever,

headaches,andbodyaches,usuallylastingaweekorso.AfarlessluckyIin150experienceshighfever,tremors,

paralysis,andcoma.Some-especiallytheelderlyandthosewithweakimmunesystems-die.

ThatiswhatmadethemajoroutbreaksofWestNileintheU.S.inthesummerof2012soscary.Thesituation

wasparticularlybadinDallas,Texas,wheretheWestNileviruskilled10peopleandsickenedmorethan200.The

citydeclaredastateofemergencyandbeganaerialsprayingofapesticidetokillthemosquitoes,eventhough

residentsarguedthatthepesticidecouldbemoredangerousthanthedisease.

Whywasthesummerof2012sohospitabletotheWestNilevirusandthemosquitoesthatcarryit?Blamethe

weather.Anextremelymildwinterallowedmoremosquitoesthanusualtosurvive,whiletheunusuallyhigh

temperaturesinthatscorchingsummerfurtherincreasedtheirnumberbyspeedinguptheirlifecycle.Theeconomic

crisismayhavealsoplayedarole:homeownerswhowerenotabletopaytheirbankloanswereforcedtoabandon

theirproperties,sometimesleavingbehindpoolsthatmadeexcellentmosquitobreedinggrounds.

Theseverityoftropicaldiseasesisalsoamatterofwhethergovernmentsarecapable——andwilling——todefend

theirpopulationsagainstinfections.DallasCountywasnotdoingsomeofthekeythingstoslowthespreadofWest

Nile,suchastestingdeadbirdsandsettingmosquitotrapstotestforthepresenceofthedisease.Tropicalinfections

arethusasmuchrelatedtogovernmentinactionastheyaretoclimate.

12.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.WestNileandmethodstofightit.B.WestNileandgovernmentalefficiency.

C.WestNileanditsrelationtotropicaldiseases.D.WestNileanditsrapidspread.

13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutWestNile?

A.Itssymptomsusuallyappearwithintwoweeks.

B.Itisspreadthroughairandwaterintropicalareas.

C.Over20%ofpeoplewhocontractitwillsufferseveresymptoms.

D.Itcomesfromdirecthumancontactwithbirdsinfectedwiththevirus.

14.WhatdidDallascountydotofightoffWestNile?

A.Theyaskedcitizenstostayawayfromdeadbirds.

B.Theymadetheswimmingpoolsemptyinthecounty.

C.Theyencouragedcitizenstohelpthemselves.

D.Theysprayedpesticidefromtheair.

15.WhichofthefollowingisareasonwhyDallaswashitmostseriouslyintheU.S.in2012?

A.Theweatherofthepreviouswinterwasnotascoldasusual.

B.Theresidentsworriedaboutthecounty'sdecisionandaction.

C.Thegovernmentdidnotissueawarningaboutthediseaseintime.

D.TheincreasingpopulationinTexasraisedtheriskofcontractingthedisease.

Passage3閱讀理解【湖南省永州市2021屆高三第一次模擬】

Over400humanfootprintspreservedinvolcanicsediment（沉淀物）provideasignatsociallifeamong

ancienthunter-gatherers.Theimpressions,foundinnorthernTanzania,adduptoAfrica'slaigestcollectionof

ancienthumanfootprints,sayevolutionarybiologistKevinHatalaofChathamUniversityinPittsburghand

colleagues.Peoplewalkedacrossamuddylayerofvolcanicashesdatingtobetween19,100and5,760yearsago,

theresearchersreportedonMay14inScientificReports.Datingofathinrocklayerthatpartlyoverlaps（重疊）

thesedimentnarrowsthefootprints*agetoabout12,000to10,000yearsago.

Hatala'steamanalyzedfootprintsizes,distancesbetweenprintsandwhichwayprintspointed.Onecollection

oftrackswasmadeby17peoplewalkingsouthwest.Comparisonswithmodemprintssuggestthatthisgroup

consistedoffourteenwomen,twomenandoneyoungboy.Thewomenmayhavebeensearchingforfoodswhilea

fewmalesvisitedoraccompaniedthem,theresearchersinfer.Somepresent-dayhunter-gatherersformlately

femalefood-gatheringgroups.

Thestudyis"anicepieceofwork",althoughit'shardtospecifywhatpeopleweredoing,saysgeologist

MatthewBennettofBournemouthUniversityinPoole,England.

Manymoresetsoffootprinttrackswouldbeneededtoargueconvincinglythathunter-gatherersatthattime

hadfemalefood-gatheringgroups,Bennettsays.Anditwouldstillbeunknownifthewomenweregatheringplants

orhuntingprey.Otherfootprintsitespresentespeciallypromisingopportunitiesforstudyingancientbehavior,he

says.HeisinvolvedinworkinNewMexicothathasuncoveredtensofthousandsoffootprintsofhumansand

othercreaturesfrommorethan10,000yearsago.Earlyresultssuggestthathumanstherehuntedgiantsloths（樹

獺）.BennettexpectsthoseprintswillyieldmoreinsightsintoStoneAgehunting.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword^^impressions^^inthefirstparagraphmean?

A.Thoughtsaboutpeopleorthings.B.Collectionsofvolcanicashes.

C.Marksleftbycreaturesorsomething.D.Behaviorsofimitatingsomeone-

13.Whatdothenewly-discoveredfootprintssuggest?

A.Ancienthuntersweresociallyorganized.

B.Ancientmalehunterswereadmiredbyfemales.

C.Femalefood-gatheringgroupswereobviouslyformed.

D.Malesplayedamoreimportantroleinfindingfoodthanfemales.

14.Whatcanwelearnaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.ThefemalesgatheredplantsorhuntedpreyintheStoneAge.

B.Thefootprinttrackshaveprovedfemalefood-gatheringgroupsexisted.

C.Thefootprintsitesprovideagoodchancetofurtherstudyancientbehavior

D.ThefootprintswillhardlyinfluenceourunderstandingofStoneAgehunting.

15.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?

A.HowAncientHuntersGatheredFood

B.WhatAncientHunanFootprintsWereLike

C.WhatAncientHumanFootprintsTellUs

D.HowAncientFood-GatheringGroupsCooperated

Passage4閱讀理解【湖南長沙市一中2021屆高三月考（三）】

Drinkingadailyglassofwineforhealthreasonsmaynotbesohealthyafterall,anewstudyfrom

WashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicinesuggests.

Analyzingdatafrommorethan400,000peoplebetweenages18to85,theresearchersfoundthatconsuming

onetotwodrinksfourormoretimesperweek-anamountconsideredhealthybycurrentguidelines-increasesthe

riskofearlydeathby20percent,comparedwithdrinkingthreetimesaweekorless.Theincreasedriskofdeath

wasconsistentacrossagegroups.

“Itusedtoseemlikehavingoneortwodrinksperdaywasnobigdeal,andthereevenhavebeensome

studiessuggestingitcanimprovehealth,vsaidfirstauthorSarahM.Hartz."Butnowweknowthateventhelightest

dailydrinkershaveanincreaseddeathrisk.”

Althoughsomeearlierstudieshavelinkedlightdrinkingtoimprovementsincardiovascular（心血管的）

health,Hartzsaidthenewstudyshowsthatthosepotentialgainsareoutweighedbyotherrisks.Herteamevaluated

heartdiseaseriskandcancerriskandfoundthatalthoughinsomecases,drinkingalcoholmayreduceriskof

heart-relatedproblems,dailydrinkingincreasedcancerriskand,asaresult,mortalityrisk.

Thenewstudyrevieweddatafrommorethan700studiesaroundtheworldandconcludedthatthesafestlevel

ofdrinkingisnone.TheWashingtonUniversityteamanalysisfocusedonlightdrinkers:thosewhoconsumedonly

oneortwodrinksaday.ThestudyfocusedontwolargegroupsofpeopleintheUnitedStates:340,668participants,

aged18to85,intheNationalHealthInterviewSurvey,andanother93,653individuals,aged40to60whowere

treatedasoutpatients（門診病人）atVeteransAdministrationclinics.

Hartzthoughtthatsomedoctorscouldrecommendthatpeoplewithfamilyhistoriesofheartproblemshavea

drinkfromtimetotime,butinfamilieswithahistoryofcancer,physicianshadbetterrecommendquitting

drinking.

8.What'sthenewfindingofthestudyonlightdrinking?

A.Itbenefitshearthealth.

B.Itispotentiallyunhealthy.

C.Itisthemaincauseofcancer.

D.Itharmsonlycertainagegroups.

9.Howdidresearcherscarryoutthenewstudy?

A.Bycollecting,clinicaldata.

B.Byanalyzingquestionnaires.

C.Byvisitinghospitalspersonally.

D.Bymakingananalysisofotherstudies.

10.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.EarlierstudiesareprovedtotallywrongbyHartz.

B.Hartzthoughtdoctorsshouldavoidsuggestingdrinking.

C.Hartzthoughtdoctorsshouldofferpersonalizedsuggestions.

D.TheWashingtonUniversityteamsurveyedabout700people.

11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Dailydrinking,howevermuch,addstoriskofdeath

B.Riskofdrinkingwinecan'tbeignoredamongyouth?

C.Asipofwineadaykeepsthedoctoraway

D.Lightdrinkingstillpromisesalongerlife:

Passage5（（2020-河南月考））

Youmightwanttotakethisnewsstandingup.AnationalsurveyfindsthatAmericansofallagesare

spendingmoretimesitting.Sittingtoomuch------especiallywhenwatchingtelevision,phonesorother

screens-canbebadforpeople'shealth,researchsuggests.

Inanewstudy,researchersanalyzedpreviouslycollectedsurveydatafrommorethan50,000American

children,teenagersandadults.Thesurveys,whichwentfrom2001through2016,askedpeoplehowmuchtime

theyspentsitting.Peoplereportedsittingalot.Forexample,closetotwo-thirdsofchildrenandteenssaidtheysat

atleasttwohoursadaywatchingtelevisionorvideos.Thedataalsoshowedthatcomputeruseoutsideofschoolor

workhasbeenincreasingacrossallages.

LinYangisapublic-healthexpertatAlbeilaHealthServicesinCalgary,Canada.Asanauthorofthenew

study,shenotesthatthistrendisnotuniquetotheUnitedStates.“OtherstudiesoutofEuropeandAustraliahave

alsofoundincreasesinsittingtime,“shesays."Thisincludessittingforworkorschoolaswellasdrivingrather

thanwalkingorridingabike.^^

Inrecentyears,inactivityhasbeenseenasanimportantrisktopeople'shealth.TheUSDepartmentofHealth

andHumanServicesupdateditsPhysicalActivityGuidelinesforAmericanslastyear.Itnowstressesnewresearch

aboutthedangersoftoomuchsitting."ThisnewversionrecommendsAmericansnotonlymovemore,butalsosit

less,“Yangsays.

ThoughAmericanssitalotduetoscreentime,theycanmakeuseofittoreduceitsrisktohealth.Erin

OToughlin,anexercisepsychologistatConcordiaUniversityinMontreal,Canada,studieshowactivevideo

games—sometimescalled“exergames”~~canhelpkidsmovemore.ThatmaybegoodnewsforAmericans.''Sports

aregreat.Butyoudon'thavetoplaysportsifthat'snotyourthing,“shesays.Toupyouractivetime,she

recommendsfindingwhatattractsyou."ifyoulikescreentime,trytomixitwithphysicalactivity,shesays."You

candothisbyplayingactivevideogames.,,

4.Whatdidresearchersdointhenewstudy?

A.Theycollectedworldwidedata.B.Theyimprovedparticipants5health.

C.Theydidanalysisonpreviousdata.D.Theyobservedpeoplewatchvideos.

5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thistrend,,inparagraph3referto?

A.Sittingindifferentplaces.B.Lackofoutdoorexercise.

C.Theincreaseinsittingtime.D.Thedecreaseofscreentime.

6.WhatisErinO9Loughlin'sideaaboutthewaytomovemore?

A.Combinedonescomefirst.B.Interestactuallymattersalot.

C.Theeasiestoneisthebest.D.Themorechallenging,thebetter.

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TakeMeasurestoCutDownSittingTime

B.StandInsteadofSittinginFrontofScreens

C.AmericansShouldLimitTheirScreenTime

D.ScreenTimeBringsHealthRisktoAmericans

Passage6（2020?黑龍江讓胡路?大慶一中期中）

Amongallthefast-growingscienceandtechnology,theresearchofhumangenes,orbiological

engineeringaspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Sometimesitisahottopicdiscussedby

people.

Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdo

nothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.

Andtodate,doctorshavenotfoundaneffectivewaytocurethem.Butifgenetechnologyisapplied,notonlythese

twodiseasescanbecuredcompletely,butalsothegreatamountofmoneypeoplespendoncuringtheirdiseasescan

besaved,soitbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inaddition,humanlife-spancanbeprolonged.

Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtomorehealthyandcleverchildren.Somefamilies,withthe

Britishroyalfamilybeingagoodexample,havehereditarydiseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehave

thefamilydisease,whichisagreattroubleforthesefamilies.Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditary

diseases.Butgenetechnologycan