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從Para.3中找出Havingdone作狀語(yǔ)的句子Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.1.Ihadworkedhardallday,soIwenttobedearly.2.IhadexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,soIdidn’ttakemuchnotice.原因狀語(yǔ)Havingdone___________主動(dòng),進(jìn)行_______被動(dòng),完成_____________將來(lái);目的_______________強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作先發(fā)生beingdonetobedonehavingbeendone非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞todo/doing/done/havingdonehavingdonetododonedoing1.看主語(yǔ),辨主被動(dòng)2.看時(shí)態(tài),辨。。。1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.________manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.
A.HavingbeentoldB.Told
C.HehadbeentoldD.Thoughhehadbeentold
3.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.4.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.
A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See
5.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.6.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.7.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.
A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt
C.beingbuiltD.built
CA/DABCBD-ing分詞的構(gòu)成
-ing分詞是由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成,表示與主語(yǔ)主動(dòng)關(guān)系。-ing分詞同樣有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化,通常有下表幾種形式〔以do為例〕-ing分詞的一般式和完成式:
-ing分詞的一般式的動(dòng)作表示和后面句子的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;完成式的動(dòng)作是先于后面句子的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。如:
Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.
作為一個(gè)學(xué)生,他對(duì)書(shū)本很感興趣。
Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.因?yàn)闆](méi)有努力學(xué)習(xí)功課,他考試不及格。
-ing分詞的否認(rèn)形式是由not/never加-ing分詞構(gòu)成。如:
Notknowinghisaddress,Icoulddonothingbutstayathomeandwait.
不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等著。
-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式表示與后面句子的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。根據(jù)-ing分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,被動(dòng)式有進(jìn)行被動(dòng)式(beingdone)和完成被動(dòng)式(havingbeendone)。如:
〔Havingbeencriticized〕bytheteacher,hegaveupsmoking.
被老師批評(píng)以后,他把煙戒了。
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)往往和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),常常用來(lái)表示原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨狀況等。現(xiàn)在分詞一般不用作表目的的狀語(yǔ)〔通常用不定式表目的的狀語(yǔ)〕。-ing分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,。注意:1現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作一般是同時(shí)發(fā)生有時(shí)可由連詞when,while引出。2現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,主句的動(dòng)作就立即發(fā)生時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞一般位于句首。如:
Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.
他一邊看書(shū),一邊不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。
Seeingthosepictures,sherememberedherchildhood.
看到那些畫(huà),她想起了她的童年。
WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.1〕表時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)2)表原因狀語(yǔ)〔相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句〕Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.1.(=ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.〕2.既然你是一個(gè)學(xué)生,你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。3.由于想到他或許在家,所以我就給他打了。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)3)表方式、伴隨情況的狀語(yǔ):作伴隨狀語(yǔ)地分詞表示的動(dòng)作,必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,或是與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作〔或狀態(tài)〕同時(shí)發(fā)生,或是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作〔或狀態(tài)〕作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。Eg.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=HesatonthesofaandwatchedTV.)他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。__________________,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。He_______________________thewall.(=Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Laughingandtalkingstoodleaningagainst4)表結(jié)果Eg.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全國(guó)到處在傳唱這首歌曲,使它成了一首最受歡送的歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,__________________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong5)表?xiàng)l件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走,你就會(huì)看到一座白色地房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.NothavingworkingSeeingspeaking單句改錯(cuò)5.“Can’tyouread?”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,madeitthemostpopularsportintheworld.pointingKnockmaking(6)與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格:
Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhair.我等汽車(chē)時(shí),一只鳥(niǎo)落到我頭上。
Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已經(jīng)賣(mài)光了,他們失望地離開(kāi)了。
Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果時(shí)間允許,我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。
有時(shí)也可用with(without)+名詞〔代詞賓格〕+分詞形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。獨(dú)立成分:有些分詞短語(yǔ)可以做獨(dú)立成分,用來(lái)解釋整個(gè)句子,不受句子主語(yǔ)的限制。常見(jiàn)的分詞短語(yǔ)有:generally(frankly,honestly…)speaking,supposing(假設(shè)),judgingfrom(從…判斷),talkingof〔談到),speakingof〔談到〕等。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Supposingyoulose,whatwillyoudo?Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.Talkingoftravel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?1、分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人。2、分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),前面可以加上連詞或介詞,但是分詞短語(yǔ)和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but,and),分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。
使用-ing形式需注意的4個(gè)問(wèn)題.3、用V+ing一般式還是Having+done完成式,要看前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有沒(méi)明顯的先后順序,在可能引起誤解的場(chǎng)合應(yīng)該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。4、分詞的否認(rèn)形式是在分詞短語(yǔ)前面加上not,never等否認(rèn)詞構(gòu)成。Afterheheardastrongsound,hewentoutoftheroomforalook.=Havingheard
astrangesound,hewentoutof….Asthegirlwasseriouslyill,shewastakentohospitalimmediately.Beingseriouslyill,thegirlwastakento….be-beingAsshedidn’tknowanyFrench,shecouldn’tgetanyonetohelpher.NotknowinganyFrench,shecouldn’tgetanyonetohelpher.ConsolidationThesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_____alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing
2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake3.”Can’tyouread?”Marysaid______tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing4.______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotNothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived5.Themissingsingerwaslastseen____thevoiceclosetothebridge.
A.exercisingB.tobeexercising
C.exerciseD.toexercise6.Thedirectorsdiscussedtheprojectthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.
A.carryoutB.carryingout
C.carriedoutD.tocarryout
7.__________
theclassroom,thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch.
A.Toclean
B.Havingcleaned
C.Cleaned
D.Cleaning8.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor________"Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.“A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading9.________fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge10.________fortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.A.HavingblamedB.ToblameC.BeingtobeblameD.Beingtoblame11.Wesleptwiththelight________allnightlonglastnight.A.burntB.toburnC.beingburntD.burning12.________hermotherhadcome,herfacelitup.A.HearingB.HavingheardC.WhenhearingD.WhensheheardPractise:Theysetout____forthe____boy.searching;losingB.searching;lostC.tosearch;lostD.searched;losing(2)Thestudentsatthere,____whattodo.doesn’tknowingB.didn’tknowingC.notknowD.notknowingCD(3)Hesatthere_____,withhisheadonhishand.andthinkB.thinkingC.thoughtD.beingthought(4)The____PrimeMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,___thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.visiting;addB.visited;addingC.visiting;addingD.visited;addedBC1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.NothavingworkingSeeingspeaking單句改錯(cuò)5.“Can’tyouread?”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,madeitthemostpopularsportintheworld.pointingKnockmaking1.Thestrangersaidsomethingina_______voiceandthelittlegirlwasverymuch________A.frightening,frightenedB.frightened,frighteningC.frightening,frighteningD.frightened,frightenedChoosethebestanswer.2.________thepiano,someonesuddenlyknockedatthedoor.A.PlayingB.WhenIwasplayingC.RepairingD.Examining3.Mothercaughttheboy______inthecorner.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.beingsmokedD.smoking4.______theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanother2weeks..A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted5.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather”,saidBob,____outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked6.Though_____money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin7.Thebell_______theendoftheperiodrang,______ourheateddiscussion.A.indicating;interruptingB.indicated;interruptingC.indicating;interruptedD.indicated;interrupted8._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.Havingsuffere
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