Unit6Survival一、閱讀理解A[2024貴州六盤水一診]Foremperorpenguins，seaiceisessentialtosurvival.Theiconicbirds，foundonlyinAntarctica，breed，laytheireggsandraisetheirchicksonvastseaice.TheyarriveattheirbreedingsitesinlateMarch.InMayandJune，theylaytheireggs，whichhatchafter65daysduringtheAntarcticwinter.Thechicksthenremainontheiceuntiltheirfluff（絨毛）downisreplacedbywaterprooffeathers，finallyfledging（變得羽毛豐滿）inthesummermonthsofDecemberandJanuary.Lastyear，seaicelevelsinAntarcticawereatanall-timelow—arecordfirstsetin2021.TheBellingshausenSearegion，tothewestoftheAntarcticPeninsula，sawthemostextremereductionofseaice，withsomeareasexperiencinga100％loss.Ofthefiveknownemperorpenguins’habitatsintheBellingshausenSearegion，allbutoneexperiencedwhatwasmostlikelyatotalbreedingfailureduetothelossofseaice，accordingtoapaperpublishedinNatureCommunicationsEarth&Environment.Satelliteimageryclearlyshowedtheseaicehadbrokenupbeforethechickswouldhavedevelopedenoughtosurviveontheirown."Wehaveneverseenemperorpenguinsfailtobreedatthisscaleinasingleseason，"thestudy’sleadauthor，PeterFretwelloftheBritishAntarcticSurvey，saidinastatement."ThelossofseaiceinthisregionduringtheAntarcticsummermadeitveryunlikelythatdisplacedchickswouldsurvive."Thestudyteamalsobelievetheirfindingssupportaprojectionthatifpresentwarmingratescontinue，morethan80％ofemperorpenguins’habitatswilldisappear，meaningtheyhavetoofewindividualstosupportapopulation，by2100.這是一篇說明文。文章講述了南極洲的海冰減少影響帝企鵝的生存。1.Whenmayemperorpenguins’eggshatch？A.InMay. B.InAugust.C.InNovember. D.InJanuary.解析B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"InMayandJune，theylaytheireggs，whichhatchafter65daysduringtheAntarcticwinter"可知，帝企鵝的卵在八月左右孵化，故選B項(xiàng)。2.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs？A.Allemperorpenguinssufferedbreedingfailure.B.Thechickscangrowupbeforetheseaicebreaksup.C.SeaicelevelsinAntarcticareachedthelowestin2022.D.Mostareasexperienceda100％seaicelossinAntarctica.解析C推理判斷題。由第二段中的"Lastyear，seaicelevelsinAntarcticawereatanall-timelow—arecordfirstsetin2021"可推理出，南極洲的海冰在2022年達(dá)到最低程度，故選C項(xiàng)。3.What’sthefunctionofparagraph4？A.Supportingideas. B.Givingexamples.C.Makingconclusions. D.Servingastransitions.解析A推理判斷題。由最后一段"Thestudyteamalsobelievetheirfindingssupportaprojectionthatifpresentwarmingratescontinue，morethan80％ofemperorpenguins’habitatswilldisappear，meaningtheyhavetoofewindividualstosupportapopulation，by2100"可知，研究小組對(duì)未來進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè)：到2100年，超過80％的帝企鵝棲息地將消失，故可推理出最后一段用于支持中心思想——南極洲的海冰減少影響帝企鵝的生存，故選A項(xiàng)。4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext？A.ChicksarebreddifficultlyinAntarctica.B.Emperorpenguinsfailtobreedtheirchicks.C.Seaicelossaffectsemperorpenguins’survival.D.ClimatechangeaffectsseaicelossinAntarctica.解析C主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講的是南極洲的海冰減少影響帝企鵝的生存，故選C項(xiàng)。B[2024廣東東莞10月考試]AsongcalledLonelyWarrior（《孤勇者》）isalwaysringinginmyears.Sixyearsago，afterhostinganannualceremonyformyschool，Ifoundthatmyleftlegwasalittleswollen，andverysoonIcouldbarelywalk.Infact，theswollenpartbecameafist-sizedmeatballthatwassopainfulthatIcouldbarelysleep.Ofcourse，Iwenttoalocalhospital，whereIwasgivenverybleak（不樂觀的）news—osteosarcoma，whichmeansbonecancer.Iunderwentchemotherapy（化療）forthenexttwoyears，anditwastheworsttimeofmylife.Physically，Ifeltthatthesideeffectsofchemotherapywerekillingme.Ilostallofthehaironmybodyandbecametotallybald.Icouldbarelyeatanything，evenifIfelthungry.Inolongerneededanalarmclocktowakeupinthemorning.Instead，whatwokemewasmybodytellingmethatIneededtovomit（嘔吐）.Ihadnoideawhereallthistreatmentwouldleaveme，andthedreamsIhadoncenursed（懷有）aboutthefuturewereentirelywipedout.Iwantedtofeeltheworldandexperiencemore，soIstucktothecourseoftreatment.Astimewentby，however，Ibecameweakerandweaker.Thesideeffectsnowwerefarworsethantheyhadbeenearlier.Ieventuallysuggestedthatthelegbechoppedoff，andthedoctorsaidthatmightbethebestthingtodo，aslongasIcouldcopewiththepsychologicalandsocialpressuresafterward.Imademydecisionverycalmly，becauseIknewthingscouldnotbeworsethantheywereatthatmoment，andIwasdeterminedthatthiswasjustonemorebattleIwouldwin.Now，sixyearslater，Ihaveweatheredallthesedifficulties.Ihavebeensoluckytobeabletofindthestrengthtodealwithallofthis，andwhatIhavetotellanyonestillstrugglingwithdifficultiesisthis：Havefaithinyourself，anddonotletbadmomentsdragyoudown.Justhangonandyouwillcomethrough.本文主要講述了作者與骨癌斗爭(zhēng)的經(jīng)歷。隨著病情的惡化，作者決定頂住心理壓力和社會(huì)壓力，讓醫(yī)生截掉了一條腿。六年過去了，作者經(jīng)受住了所有的磨難。最后作者鼓勵(lì)仍在與困難斗爭(zhēng)的人要對(duì)自己有信心，堅(jiān)持下去一定會(huì)渡過難關(guān)。【詞語積累】sideeffect副作用copewith處理，應(yīng)付【長(zhǎng)難句解讀】Infact，theswollenpartbecameafist-sizedmeatballthatwassopainfulthatthat引導(dǎo)的定語從句，Icouldbarelysleep.其中有個(gè)so...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句譯文：事實(shí)上，腫脹的部分變成了一個(gè)拳頭大小的肉球，疼得我?guī)缀鯚o法入睡。1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesideeffectsofchemotherapy？A.Theymadetheauthorsufferalot.B.Theydestroyedtheauthor’sfaith.C.Theywererelievedaftertreatment.D.Theyweremoreobviousinthedaytime.解析A推理判斷題。由第二段的描述可知，化療使作者痛苦不堪，作者的頭發(fā)掉光了，他幾乎吃不進(jìn)任何東西，夜間睡眠也受到了很大影響。由此可推知，化療的副作用讓作者受了很大的苦，故A項(xiàng)正確。2.Whatwastheauthor’sdecisiontodealwithhiscondition？A.Choppingoffhisleg.B.Turningdownthedoctor’sadvice.C.Givingintothecancer.D.Seekingpsychologicalassistance.解析A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段、第三段的內(nèi)容以及第四段首句"Ieventuallysuggestedthatthelegbechoppedoff"可知，針對(duì)病情，作者最終提議截肢，故A項(xiàng)正確。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"weathered"inthelastparagraphmean？A.Resisted. B.Survived.C.Escaped. D.Produced.解析B詞義猜測(cè)題。由最后一段中的"Ihavebeensoluckytobeabletofindthestrengthtodealwithallofthis"可知，作者克服了所有困難。由此可推知，畫線詞所在句表達(dá)的應(yīng)是六年后作者最終克服了所有困難，渡過了難關(guān)，故B項(xiàng)正確。4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext？A.Alightheartliveslong.B.Agoodmedicinetastesbitter.C.Timeworkswonders.D.Onewithfaithbravesanyhardship.解析D推理判斷題。由最后一段中的"whatIhavetotellanyonestillstrugglingwithdifficultiesisthis：Havefaithinyourself，anddonotletbadmomentsdragyoudown.Justhangonandyouwillcomethrough"可知，作者在經(jīng)歷了這場(chǎng)疾病之后給出建議：要對(duì)自己有信心，不要讓糟糕的時(shí)刻使自己沮喪，只要堅(jiān)持下去，最終會(huì)挺過去的，故作者在本文中想傳達(dá)的是有信心的人可以經(jīng)受任何困難，所以D項(xiàng)正確。二、七選五I’vebeeninadvertisingforeightyearsandworkedalotoflatenightsandweekendsfornumerousprojects.1OnedayIwatchedatalkcalled"Thepoweroftimeoff".It’sabouthoweverysevenyears，thespeakertakesayearofffromworksohecandohisowncreativeprojects.2IdecidedIhadtodothat.Ineedtotaketimetostartmyowncreativeideas.ThefirstprojectendsupbeingsomethingIcall"OneSecondEveryDay".BasicallyIrecordonesecondofeverydayfortherestofmylife，combiningthesemomentsintoonesinglecontinuousvideountilIcan’trecordthemanymore.3There’remanythingsIhavenorecollectionofunlesssomeonebringsthemup，andIthink，"Oh，that’ssomethingIdid."4Onagoodday，I’llhavemaybefoursecondsIwanttochoose.I’lljusthavetonarrowthemdowntoone，butevennarrowingthemdowntothatoneallowsmetoremembertheotherthreeanyway.Idon’tuseanyfilters（濾色鏡），justtryingtocatchthemomentasmuchaspossibleasitis.Istartedaruleofthefirstpersonview.Earlyon，IthoughtIshouldhaveacoupleofvideoswherepeoplewouldseeme，butIrealizedthatwasn’tthewaytogo.5Theprojecthasmanypossibilities.Iencourageyoualltorecordjustasmallpieceofyourlifeeveryday，soyoucanneverforgetthatdayandtreasureeverymoment.A.Itinstantlyinspiredme.B.ThepurposeistorememberwhatI’vedone.C.I’malwaysenergeticwhendoingthingsIlove.D.Peoplemighthavedifferentinterpretationsofit.E.It’sdifficult，sometimes，topickthatonesecond.F.ButIneverhadtimeforoneIwantedtoworkononmyown.G.TheessenceofmyprojectshouldberecordingthethingasIactuallyseeit.本文是記敘文。作者從事廣告行業(yè)8年了，加班熬夜做了無數(shù)項(xiàng)目，但他一直沒有時(shí)間做自己真正想做的個(gè)人項(xiàng)目。有一天他受到一個(gè)演講的啟發(fā)，開始了自己的項(xiàng)目"每天一秒鐘"，記錄每一天的生活。1.F由上文的"workedalotoflatenightsandweekendsfornumerousprojects"和下文的"Ineedtotaketimetostartmyowncreativeideas"可知，作者在工作中加班熬夜做了無數(shù)項(xiàng)目，看到一個(gè)演講后決定開始做屬于自己的項(xiàng)目，故空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)與沒有做過個(gè)人想做的項(xiàng)目有關(guān)。F項(xiàng)"但我從來沒有時(shí)間做一個(gè)我自己想做的項(xiàng)目"與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，選項(xiàng)中的one表示"oneproject"。2.A上文提到作者看到一個(gè)演講，介紹了演講者每過七年，就花一年時(shí)間來做自己的富有創(chuàng)造力的項(xiàng)目，下文講到作者決定也要這么做，開始自己的富有創(chuàng)造力的想法。A項(xiàng)"它馬上啟發(fā)了我"承上啟下。3.B上文提到作者每天錄一秒鐘的視頻，將這些一秒鐘的視頻拼接成一段連續(xù)的視頻，直到他無法再錄制為止，下文講到有很多之前做過的事情，作者都想不起來了，故空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)仍與作者錄制視頻有關(guān)，且涉及記住過去的事。B項(xiàng)"（這一項(xiàng)目的）目的是幫助我記住做過的事"符合語境。4.E下文講到在美好的一天里，作者想要多錄制三秒鐘，他只是把它們壓縮到一秒鐘，但是即使壓縮到了只有一秒鐘，也足以讓他記住其他三秒鐘。E項(xiàng)"有時(shí)候選擇那一秒鐘（的內(nèi)容）很難"是對(duì)下文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)。5.G本段主要介紹作者錄制的所有視頻都沒有使用濾鏡，盡可能還原事物本來的樣子。他一開始用第一視角拍攝。早先他想過把自己錄進(jìn)視頻里，但是后來覺得這不是他想要的。G項(xiàng)"我的項(xiàng)目的本質(zhì)應(yīng)該是記錄我實(shí)際看到的事物的樣子"承接上文。三、完形填空[奮斗精神/2023福建4月適應(yīng)性練習(xí)]Jo?oCarlosMartinsisafamouspianistandconductor.However，hiscareerhasbeen1andhislifehastakenhiminmanydifferent2.AsateenagerMartinsbegantoperforminconcerts.Butinhislatetwenties，hehadto3afterbadlybreakinghisarm.Itwasreallyaterribletime.Hecouldn’tlookatapianoor4listentomusic.5，hedecidedtobecomethemanagerofaboxer，whowontheworldchampionshiplater.This6Martinstotakeupthepianoandpractisemuchharder.Sixyearslater，hegavehisfirstconcertattheCarnegieHall，whichwasthemost7momentofhislife.Heperformedinconcertsforyearsbeforehehadtoquitbecauseoftheunbearable8inhishandscausedbytoomuch9.Martins，inhisforties，becameapolitician.However，hecouldn’tstandthis10，soonceagain，hewentbacktothepiano.Allwasgoingwelluntilsomethingunexpected11whileleavingaconcert.He12aseriousbraininjuryandlostallthemovementinhisrighthand.Again，withgreat13heplayedjustwithhislefthand.Yearslaterhelosttheuseofthelefthandand14himselfaconductor.Now，inhislateseventies，Martinsisstilltaking15toworkandhasconductedoverathousandconcerts.Jo?oCarlosMartins是著名的鋼琴家和指揮家，但他一生坎坷。少年時(shí)他便登臺(tái)演出，二十多歲時(shí)胳膊受傷，不得不放棄演出。此后，他成了拳擊手的職業(yè)經(jīng)紀(jì)人，拳擊手獲得冠軍激勵(lì)他繼續(xù)彈鋼琴。可是過度彈奏使他雙手疼痛，不得不放棄音樂。此后他又開始從政……1.A.smooth B.toughC.flexible D.interesting解析B由句中的"However"可知，該句和上句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；上句說Jo?oCarlosMartins是一位著名的鋼琴家和指揮家，結(jié)合本句的"hiscareerhasbeen"可以推知，他的職業(yè)生涯充滿了坎坷，故B項(xiàng)正確，tough表示"艱難的"。2.A.cultures B.formsC.directions D.levels解析C由下文的敘述可知，著名鋼琴家和指揮家Jo?oCarlosMartins在職業(yè)生涯中曾做過拳擊手的經(jīng)紀(jì)人和政治家；結(jié)合該句中的"takenhiminmanydifferent2"可知，他的職業(yè)有不同的方向。direction表示"方向"，故C項(xiàng)正確。3.A.giveup B.setoutC.turnup D.holdout解析A由句中的"afterbadlybreakinghisarm"可知，他的胳膊嚴(yán)重受傷。結(jié)合常識(shí)可以推斷，他不得不放棄音樂演奏，giveup表示"放棄"，故A項(xiàng)正確。4.A.still B.justC.ever D.even解析D由該句的"couldn’tlookatapiano"可知，他不能看鋼琴；再結(jié)合"or"可知，此處是說他不能看鋼琴，甚至不能聽音樂。even表示"甚至"，故D項(xiàng)正確。5.A.Generally B.UltimatelyC.Immediately D.Naturally解析B由該句的"decidedtobecomethemanagerofaboxer"，再結(jié)合語境可知，他最終決定做一名拳擊手的經(jīng)紀(jì)人。ultimately表示"最終"，故B項(xiàng)正確。generally籠統(tǒng)地，大概；immediately立刻；naturally自然地。6.A.forced B.promisedC.motivated D.forbade解析C由上句可知，這位拳擊手贏得了世界冠軍；結(jié)合該句的"takeupthepianoandpractisemuchharder"可知，這激勵(lì)了他繼續(xù)更加努力地練習(xí)鋼琴，motivate表示"激勵(lì)"，故C項(xiàng)正確。force強(qiáng)迫，promise承諾，forbid禁止。7.A.realistic B.emotionalC.struggling D.striking解析D由該句的"gavehisfirstconcertattheCarnegie