《基礎醫學美語》

教學大綱

（供英文班臨床麻醉影像專業使用）

錦州醫科大學?教務處

二O一六年六月

《基礎醫學英語》教學大綱

適用專業：英文班臨床麻醉影像

總學時：28理論學時：28實踐學時：0

一、課程的性質和任務

本課程為錦州醫科大學醫學各專業大學三年級的考查課。本課程的任務是使學生通過對專業英

語的學習，通過精讀和泛讀一定數量的醫學性科普文章，熟練掌握一定的醫學專業詞匯和醫務人員

的日常生活會話及擴大認知量，為閱讀英文醫學期刊、藥品說明書、各種證明、病歷等醫院日常業

務所涉及的英文書籍打下基礎，培養學生運用專業英語的能力，側重培養學生的閱讀能力，同時為

提高閱讀速度和質量，為學生進一步學習和運用專業英語打好基礎，以達到培養應用型人才的教學

目的。

二、相關課程的銜接

本課程為非英語專業的考查課，是在已經學習了大學英語，即：新視野英語第一4冊或全新主

題第卜4冊之后所開設的課程。

三、教學的基本要求

能夠讀懂醫學性科普文章，熟練掌握一定的醫學專業詞匯和醫務人員的日常生活會話及擴大認

知量，為閱讀英文醫學期刊、藥品說明書、各種證明、病歷等醫院日常業務所涉及的英文書籍打下

基礎。

四、學時分配（理論）

章節教學內容學時

UnitlHolism3

Unit2TheMusculoskeletalSystem3

Unit3TheNervousSystem3

TranslationMedicalEnglishTranslation3

Reviewand2

Testing

Unit5TheRespiratorySystem3

Unitl1CloningandGenes3

Unitl4Microbiology3

WritingMedicalEnglishWriting3

Reviewand2

Testing

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合計28

五、課程考核

課程考試方式為考查。綜合形成性評估和終結性評估考核結果，最終報告分數計算公式為：最

終報告分數=平時（50%）+期末（50%）

（填寫要求：說明本課程所采用的考核方法，如閉卷、開卷，論文或設計等，如并用多種方法

請說明分數分配的百分比例。）

六、教材及主要參考書

（一）教科書

[1]郝長江等著.《基礎醫學英語》全一冊.青島：中國海洋大學出版社，2008.07

（-）參考書

電子課件、課文mp3文件及其它院校網絡鏈接內容。

鏈接地址：/?cat=107

七、教學內容（理論）

Unit1Holism整體醫學

【教學內容】

PartATerminology術語用法

Exercises

PartBTextAHolisticMedicine

Warm-up

Groupdiscussion

【教學基本要求】

PartATerminology

PrefixanditsMeaning：前綴含義

PrefixMeaningExamples

[Quality]mal-ill,bad,poorMalnutrition;maladjustment

e.g."AccordingtotraditionalChinesemedicaltheory,diseasesarecausedbythe

maladjustmentoftheqi,andofbloodcirculation."

根據傳統中醫理論,疾病的產生常是氣和血的循環失調所致。

e.g.

Theweakeningofsocialorganizations,themaladjustmentofchildren,andfinally,crime,had

resulted.

使社會組織削弱,孩子心理失調，最后，造成更多的人犯罪。

PrefixMeaningExamples

[Quantity]hypo-deficientHypocalcemia,hypothyroid

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e.g.AbsorptionofHFmaycausehypocalcemiaduetoHFsfixationofbloodcalcium.

Hyperkalemiamayoccurifseverehypocalcemiaappears.

hf的吸收會由于hf對血鈣固定導致低血鈣癥。如果出現嚴重的低血鈣癥,就會發生血鉀

過多。

e.g.Significantfluorideexposurevialargeburns,inhalation,oringestionwillrequire

observationforhypocalcemia.

大面積燒傷、吸入或攝入導致的嚴重氟化物暴露要求觀察是否造成了血鈣過少。

PrefixMeaningExamples

[position]Retro-Behind,backwardRetroversion，retrusion

e.g.mandibularretrusion

下頜后縮

e.g.Theyfounddentalretrusioninaotherwisebalancedmaleskeletalpatternandthe

maxillarydeficientprofileinaotherwisebalancedfemaleskeletalpatterntobeasattractive

asthebimaxillaryprotrusivestimulusface.

結論本研究有利于中外正畸醫師在治療中國患者時有所依據，以達到醫患均滿意的治療

效果。

PrefixMeaningExamples

[type]auto-selfautologous

e.g.Currentprostheticalternativestoautologousvascularbypassgraftsremainpoorinterms

ofpatencyandinfectionrisk.

然而就自體血管旁路移植術而言，由于移植后開放性感染的發生率較高，所以當前可供選

擇的替代移植物種類較少。

e.g.Askyourphysicianifnewertendinopathytreatmentssuchasshockwavetherapy,

autologousbloodinjectionsornitroglycerinpatchesarerightforyou.

向你的醫生咨詢如果新的治療腱子病變衰退癥的方法比如超聲波療法，自體移植式血液

注射療法或者是硝化甘油片療法是否適合你。

PartB

TextAHolisticMedicine

Warm-up：Backgroundknowledge背景知識

[1]美國整體醫學組織

/

AHMA(AmericanHolisticMedicineAssociation)

HistoryoftheAHMA

TheAHMAwasfoundedin1978tounitelicensedphysicianswhopracticeholisticmedicine.Itisone

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oftheoldestholisticmedicineorganizationsofitskind,andmanyoftoday'snationalleadersinholistic

medicinegottheirstartasmembersoftheAHMA.SinceitsfirstmeetinginDenver,Colorado,theAHMA

hascontinuedtostrivetowardcreatingfellowshipandcollaborationamongpractitionersandthosethey

workwith-bringinganunderstandingofhowthemind,thebodyandthespiritallhaveaparttoplayin

healing.

12J英國整體醫學組織

/

BHMA(BritishHolisticMedicalAssociation)

2.1介紹英國整體醫學的主要網站

TheBravewellCollaborativeisagroupofphilanthropistswhoaresupportingintegrativemedicinein

Americanhealthcareinsuchareasaspreventivemedicine,patientempowerment,nutrition,

complementarymodalitiesandmedicaltrainingcumculumenhancement.

.uk

PrinceCharlesfoundationforintegratedmedicinewithanewrevitalisedlook.

/

Aholistichealthcommunityofindividualpractitioners,healthcentres,spasandretreats,training

providers,stores,suppliers,professionalorganisations,media,students,andanyotherindividualsor

organisationswithanactiveinterestinholistichealthandliving.

AUKwebsitethatlistsallholisticpractitionerswiththepurposeofpromotingholisticidealsand

linkingupwithotherlike-mindedsouls.

AUSAbasedorganisationthatpromotesinnovativemodelsofhealthcarethatfocusonhealingand

nurturingbody,mindandspirit,andhasamorehumanisticapproach

Generalmedical

2.2介紹英國兩所開設整體醫學專業的學院

A:SwanseaCollegeHolisticTherapyDiplomaLevel3

授予學位：專業資格證書

課程長度:3個月-1年

學習模式：全日制

課程介紹：

AoneyearfulltimecourseprovidingacomprehensivestudyinAromatherapy,Reflexologyand

SwedishMassage.Studentswillalsoachievealevel3DiplomainBusinessEssentialsforaTherapistand

KeySkillsunits.Studentswillstudyaromatherapy,reflexology,Swedishmassage,anatomyand

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physiology,healthandsafety/legislation,interpersonalskillsandBritishFirstAid.AdditionalUnits

include:IndianHeadMassage,Diet&Nutrition.

錄取要求：Acoursefor16-18yearolds.Normally5GCSEsgradeCorabove.

開學日期Sep/09-Tobeconfirmed

B:HolisticTherapyforInternationalStudentsDiploma(IIHHT)

ColegGianHafren

CardiffCollegeInternationalHolisticTherapyforInternationalStudentsDiploma(IIHHT)

授予學位：專業資格證書

授予機構：InternationalInstituteofHealth&HolisticTherapies

課程長度:3個月-1年

學習模式：全日制

課程介紹：

Studentscarryoutpracticaltraininginthemodernbeautyclinic,whichallowsthemtoworkwith

clientsandmodels.Thecourseincludes:*Aromatherapy*BodyMassage,Reflexology*ZoneTherapy*

AnatomyandPhysiology*BusinessStudiesandLegislation*Nutrition

錄取要求：Mature,caringandprofessionalattitudeandagoodstandardofEnglish

開學日期Sep/09-Fulltime

[31加拿大伯納比整體醫學專業學院(PCUCollegeofHolisticMedicine)

該整體醫學的主要目的是為學院的一個多文化，國內和國際社會，提供接受職業教育，培訓和

整體醫學臨床治療。學院的主要目標是：

1、為了擴大互補性和替代性保健計劃陣列，成為加拿大最重要的整體醫學院校。

2、為了保持我們的教學質量最高水平。

3、多樣化和擴大我們的學生人數。

4、為了提高公眾意識/有助于加拿大的醫療制度。

KnowledgeaboutHolisticMedicine整體醫學的相關知識

ThePrinciplesofHolisticMedicine

OptimalHealthistheprimarygoalofholisticmedicalpractice.

Itistheconsciouspursuitofthehighestleveloffunctioningandbalanceofthephysical,

environmental,mental,emotional,socialandspiritualaspectsofhumanexperience,resultinginadynamic

stateofbeingfullyalive.Thiscreatesaconditionofwell-beingregardlessofthepresenceorabsenceof

disease.

TheHealingPowerofLove.

Holistichealthcarepractitionersstrivetomeetthepatientwithgrace,kindness,acceptance,andspirit

withoutcondition,asloveislife'smostpowerfulhealer.

WholePerson.Holistichealthcarepractitionersviewpeopleastheunityofbody,mind,spiritandthe

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systemsinwhichtheylive.

PreventionandTreatment.

Holistichealthcarepractitionerspromotehealth,preventillnessandhelpraiseawarenessofdis-ease

inourlivesratherthanmerelymanagingsymptoms.Aholisticapproachrelievessymptoms,modifies

contributingfactors,andenhancesthepatient'slifesystemtooptimizefuturewell-being.

InnateHealingPower.

Allpeoplehaveinnatepowersofhealingintheirbodies,mindsandspirits.Holistichealthcare

practitionersevokeandhelppatientsutilizethesepowerstoaffectthehealingprocess.

IntegrationofHealingSystems.

Holistichealthcarepractitionersembracealifetimeoflearningaboutallsafeandeffectiveoptionsin

diagnosisandtreatment.Theseoptionscomefromavarietyoftraditions,andareselectedinordertobest

meettheuniqueneedsofthepatient.Therealmofchoicesmayincludelifestylemodificationand

complementaryapproachesaswellasconventionaldrugsandsurgery.

Relationship-centeredCare.

Theidealpractitioner-patientrelationshipisapartnershipwhichencouragespatientautonomy,and

valuestheneedsandinsightsofbothparties.Thequalityofthisrelationshipisanessentialcontributorto

thehealingprocess.

Individuality.

Holistichealthcarepractitionersfocuspatientcareontheuniqueneedsandnatureofthepersonwho

hasanillnessratherthantheillnessthathastheperson.

TeachingbyExample.

Holistichealthcarepractitionerscontinuallyworktowardthepersonalincorporationoftheprinciples

ofholistichealth,whichthenprofoundlyinfluencethequalityofthehealingrelationship.

LearningOpportunities.

Alllifeexperiencesincludingbirth,joy,sufferingandthedyingprocessareprofoundlearning

opportunitiesforbothpatientsandhealthcarepractitioners.

AnovelrelatedtoHolisticMedicine

AbouttheAuthor:

C.Bailey-Lloyd/LadyCamelotisthePublicRelationsDirector&WriterforHolisticJunction

HolisticMedicineinvolvesnaturaltreatmentoptionslikeholisticnutrition,herbology,environmental

medicine,energywork,mind-bodymedicine,anatomy,andmanyotherholisticmedicinepractices.

Holisticmedicineallowsanindividualtobetreatednaturallyandestablishesapositivebalance

betweenbody,mindandspirit.Holisitcmedicineencouragesself-healing.Holisticmedicinepromotes

detoxificationbyutilizingcleansingherbs.Holisticmedicinealsoteachesnutritionalguidelinesthat

enhancesproperdietandlongevity.Furthermore,holisticmedicinemeansutilizingrecommendedvitamins,

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mineralsandothernutritionalsupplementstomakeone'sbodyfunctionmoreeffectively.

Holisticmedicineencompassespreventativeandmaintenanceprograms.Butitalsoenablesusto

learnalternativehealingmethodslikeYoga,Reiki,TaiChi,acupressure,acupuncture,herbalandplant

remediesandsomuchmore.Therearewellover100medicalconditionslikecancer,migraines,chronic

fatiguesyndromeandmanyothersthatcanbehelpedwithholisticmedicinetoday.

Inmodernsociety,therearecountlessadvantagestoholisticmedicine.Ifyouorsomeoneyouknow

isinterestedinlearningaboutthebenefitsofholisticmedicineorwouldliketocontactaholisticmedicine

practitioner,HolisticJunctionhasadirectorylistingofmany,professionalholisticmedicinespecialists.

Simplygoto"Directories,*'clickonBusinessDirectoriesandwe'llhelpyoufindoneclosetoyou.

Groupdiscussion：

What'syourideaofhealth?

Whatdoyouknowaboutholistichealth?

（注明了解、熟悉、掌握的知識點）

【重點與難點】

Graspofmedicalvocabularies掌握醫學專業詞匯

Keywordsinthevocabulary:

Hypnosis[hip^ausis]n.催眠狀態

例句

Thetheoryorpracticeofinducinghypnosis.

催眠術引導睡眠的理論及實踐

holistic[hou'listik]adj.整體的，全盤的

例句：

Holisticmedicine;holisticecology.

全身治療的藥物；注重整體的生態學

encompass[in'kAmpasJvt,圍繞（包圍,擁有,完成）

例句：

Encompassingonallsides;surrounding.

圍繞的圍住每一邊的；包圍的

Theprisonisencompassedbyhighwalls.

監獄被高墻圍繞著。

Thegeneralartscourseattheuniversityencompassesawiderangeof

subjects.

大學文科包括的科目非常廣泛。

complication[kompli'keijon;kompls'keijan]n.復雜，并發癥，糾紛

例句

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Ihaveenoughcomplicationinmylife.

我生活里的麻煩已經夠多了。

Afurthercomplicationwashisrefusaltotravelbyair.

更麻煩的是他不肯坐飛機旅行。

Complicationssetin,andthepatientdied.

病人因出現并發癥而死亡。

modality［msu'dasliti;mou'd田Ei］n.樣式，形式，形態

［醫學］藥征［生理學］感覺

Therearetwomodelsofmulti-modalitytreatmentforadvancedcancer:

westernmedicinemulti-modalityandtraditionalChinesemedicine

multi-modality.晚期癌癥綜合治療的模式可以分為以化療為主的西醫綜

合治療模式和以中醫藥為主的中醫藥綜合治療模式。

optimal[^ptomal]adj,最佳的,最理想的

例句:Theergonomicsofthenewofficewerefelttobeoptimal.

新辦公室工效設計因素感覺十分理想

intravenous['intrSvi:n3S；intrs'vimss]adj.靜脈的，靜脈注射的

ClinicalEfficacyofIntravenousDripinSmallTransfusionBottleReplacing

IntravenousInjection小密封瓶滴注替代靜脈推注給藥效果觀察

rehabilitation[ri:habili,teijan;ri:habib'teij'9n]n.復原

例句:Thestudy,theory,andpracticeofprisonmanagementandcriminal

rehabilitation.刑獄學一種對刑罰典獄和監獄管理的研究、實踐和理論

hygiene[*haidsi：n]n.衛生（學）

例句:Peopleshouldwashregularlytoensurepersonalhygiene.人們應經常洗

澡以保證個人衛生。

Intheinterestsofhygiene,pleasedonotsmokeintheshop.為健康著想，請不

要在本店吸煙。

equilibrium[i:kwi'libriom;i:kwSlibriam]n.平衡，均衡

例句:TheequilibriumofforcemustbeestablishedinEurope.必須確立歐洲

的均勢。

Aninfluenceorforcetendingtoproduceequilibrium;counterpoise.平衡力趨

向于產生平衡的影響或力量；平衡、均衡

Unit2TheMusculoskeletalSystem骨骼肌系統

【教學內容】

PartATerminology術語

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Exercises

PartB

TextA

Warm-up

Groupdiscussion

Whatisthemusculoskeletalsystemcomposedof?

Whatarethefunctionsofthemusculoskeletalsystem?

【教學基本要求】

PartATerminology

Stems/AffixesanditsMeaning前綴含義

Stems/affixesMeaningExamples

arthr(o)-j=joint(articulation)arthritis

E.g.Myleftkneeactsupindampweather.Herarthritisisactingupagain.

我的左膝一到陰濕天氣就犯病。她的關節炎又犯了。

E.g.Thetreatmentofcertaindiseases,especiallyrheumatoidarthritis,withgoldcompounds.

金療法用金的化合物治療某些疾病，如風濕性關節炎。

E.g.Shewasplaguedwitharthritis.她患關節炎十分痛苦。

brachi(o)-armbrachium

E.g.brachium:Thepartoftheupperarmorfbrelimbextendingfromtheshouldertothe

elbow.肱,上臂:從肩至肘之間的上臂部分或前肢。

cervic(o)-necknervical

E.g.Applicationofthecervicalbackmuscletrainerinthecervicalbackmuscleexercise

項背肌功能鍛煉頸椎康復器的臨床應用

E.g.Function:Tightenesunwantedcervicalflesh,increasescervicalelasticity,promotes

lymphaticmetabolismandeliminatesredundantfat.

功效:收緊頸部多余贅肉，增強頸部韌性,促進淋巴代謝，排除多余脂肪。

crani(o)-skullcranial

E.g.Craniosynostosisisthetermthatdesignatesprematurefusionofoneormorecranial

suturesthatcausesseverecranialdeformities.

顱縫早閉癥是指單一或多個顱縫過早閉合所引起的影響大腦發育和功能的嚴重先天性

疾病。

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E.g.Cranialnervetutorial.Fundamentalinformationaboutthecranialnerves.

大腦神經導弘腦神經的基本資訊。

femorfemurfemoral

E.g.X-rayfilmofherrighthipshowedevidenceofasubcapitalcomminutedfractureofthe

femoralneckwithdisplacement.Aninternalprostheticreplacementofthefemoralheadwas

advised.Afterapplicationoftractionandpropermedication,herconditions

x線片顯示右股骨頭下部粉碎性骨折兼移位。建議行人工股骨頭內修復置換術。經用藥

物及牽引治療后癥狀減輕。

E.g.X-rayfilmofherrighthipshowedevidenceofasubcapitalcomminutedfractureofthe

femoralneckwithdisplacement.Aninternalprostheticreplacementofthefemoralheadwas

advised.

X線片顯示右股骨頭下部粉碎性骨折兼移位。建議行人工股骨頭內修復置換術。

fibr(o)-fiberfibrous

E.g.fibrous,membranous,orfattysheaththatenclosesanorganorpart,suchasthesac

surroundingthekidneyorthefibroustissuesthatsurroundajoint.

被膜，囊似纖維的，呈膜狀或含很多脂肪的套，內包有一個器官或部位，如包裹著腎的囊或

包裹著一個關節的纖維狀組織

E.g.Conclusion:Theosteo-fibrousapertures,osteo-fibrouscanalandthetendinous

decussatingfibersofthenuchalmusclespassedthroughbycervicaldorsalramimightbethe

anatomicbasisofthecervicaldorsalramicompressionsyndrome.

結論:頸神經后支穿行的骨纖維孔、纖維管及項部肌肉的腱性交叉纖維是造成頸神經后

支卡壓的解剖學基礎。

kyph(o)-humpbackkyphosis

E.g.characteristicoforsufferingfromkyphosis.

具有駝背的特點或者患有駝背癥。

E.g.A16-year-oldmalewithScheuermannkyphosisofupto45degreesinvolvingthelevels

fromT10toL3underwentspinecorrectionoperation.

本篇報告一位16歲男性脊柱后突患者，胸椎第十一節至腰椎第三節角度高達45度。

lumb(o)-loin(lowerback)lumbar

E.g.Themaininjuredpartsincludedprolapseoflumbarintervertebral,musclesofwaistand

backmyofascitis,epiphysitisoflumbarspine,malpositionoflumbarspineandlumbar

musclestrain.

結果表明:97.5%的運動員患有腰部損傷,100%的運動員表示有過不同程度的腰部疼痛；

發病率前5位的損傷部位是腰椎間盤突出、腰椎峽部裂、棘突偏歪、腰椎錯位和腰肌勞

損;損傷多發生在重要賽事前準備期。

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E.g.Results6casesliedinspinlcanalbetweenthirdandfourthlumbar,29casesliedin

spinalcanalbetweenfourthandfifthlumbar,15casesliedbetweenfifthlumbarandfirst

sacrum.

結果椎管狹窄位于13,4平面6例,14,5水平者29例，位于15,si平面者15例。

E.g.Thecausesofsciaticainclude:prolapsedlumbarintervertebraldisc;spinalcanalstenosis

ofthelumbarvertebraandlumbarhyperosteogeny.

是指位于下腰部的坐骨神經，受到外力的壓迫而產生后下腰部疼痛并反射到病側下肢的

情形。

pelv(i)pelvic(cavity)pelvic

E.g.Bothpelvicandthoracicslingrestraintsareused.

用吊帶約束瓢部和胸部。

E.g.Deformitiesofthepelvicgirdleinfemalesmayleadtodifficultiesinchild-birthmany

yearslater.

婦女骨盆帶變形,在以后分娩時會產生困難。

tendin(o)tendontendonitis

e.g."Hargreaveswon'tbeplayingatallonthetour,"saidFerguson."It'sjusttendonitis.It*s

becominganiiTitantratherthanabigproblem.

隨著離新賽季開幕還有不到兩周時間，以及保羅斯科爾斯也在受傷病困擾,弗格森爵士將

會盡力讓他的新弟子恢復健康。

e.g.Youcangettendonitis.你會得肌腱炎的

-trophygrowthhypertrophy

E.g.Certainothercardiovasculardisorderscauserightventricularhypertrophy.

某些其他心血管病，導致右心室肥大。

E.g.Hypertrophyalsoallowstheabnormallyhighpressuretobedevelopedbyagreater

numberofmyofibrils.肥厚也可使大量肌纖維產生異常高的壓力。

E.g.hypertrophyofcertainbodyparts(usuallylegsandscrotum);theendstateofthedisease

filariasis.身體的某個部分(腿或陰囊)過于肥大。

Exercises

IGivethemeaningforthefollowingaffixesorstemsandprovideoneexampleforeach.

IIChoosethedefinitionfromColumnBthatbestmatchesthestemoraffixinColumnA.

IllTranslatethefollowingwordsandphrasesintoEnglish.

【重點與難點】

1)Graspofmedicalvocabularies:

★subjectto易受...影響的,屈服于...的,讓步于...

例句：

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Peasantsusedtobesubjecttothelocallandowner.農民過去受地主的壓迫。

Trainsaresubjecttodelay（s）aftertheheavysnowfalls.一下大雪火車就往往誤點。

Wearesubjecttomanyinfluences.我們都受著多方的影響。

★withregardto關于,至于

例句：

Apersonconsideredwithregardtohisorhercreditorreliabilityindischargingdebts.W良好信用的

人，有支付能力的人被認為是在還債方面守信或可靠的人

Ihavenothingtosaywithregardtoyourcomplaints.對於你的投訴，我無可奉告。

Doyouhaveallyouneed?你所需的設備都有了嗎？

★accountforvt.（在數量方面）占，說明（原因等），對...負責

例句：

Pleaseaccountforyourdisgracefulconduct.對你的可恥行為請作解釋。

Hehasbeenaskedtoaccountforhisconduct.他被要求解釋他的行為。

Hellhavetoaccountforwhereeverycentgoes.他得說明所花掉的每一分錢的用途。

★experiencen.經歷，經驗;vt.經歷，體驗

例句：

ItwasthemosteducationalexperienceIhadeverhad.這是我有過的教育意義最大的一次經歷。

Welearnfromthepast,experiencethepresentandhopeforsuccessinthefuture.我們從過去中學

習，體驗現在，展望未來的成功。

Iknowfrommyownexperiencehowdifficulttheworkcanbe.從我自己的經驗我明白這項工作會

有多難。

★occupy['okjupai]vt.占領，占用,占據，使忙碌,使從事

例句：

Hertimeisfullyoccupiedwithherthreechildren.她的時間全部用在她的三個孩子身上了。

Howdoesheoccupyhimselfnowhe*sretired?他既已退休，那如何打發日子呢？

Thestrikingofficeworkershaveoccupiedthewholebuilding.罷工的辦公室人員占據了整座建筑

物。

★transmitvt.傳輸，傳送，代代相傳，傳達;vi.（以無線電或有線電的方式）發送信號

例句

TheWorldCupfinalisbeingtransmittedlivetooverfiftycountries.世界杯決賽現在正向五十多個

國家現場轉播。

Thetensionsoontransmitteditselftoallthemembersofthecrowd.這種緊張情緒很快感染了人群

中所有的人。

Thisinfectionistransmittedbymosquitoes.這種傳染病是由蚊子傳染的。

★inresponseto回答，響應

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例句：

Inresponsetoyourinquiry...茲答覆您的詢問...

Inresponsetotheirhospitality,wewroteathank-younote.為回報他們的熱情，我們寫了一封感謝

信。

Athindisk,especiallyinamicrophoneortelephonereceiver,thatvibratesinresponsetosoundwaves

toproduceelectricsignals,orthatvibratesinresponsetoelectricsignalstoproducesoundwaves.膜片，振

動板一種薄的圓盤（尤其是在麥克風和電話收話器里那種）響應聲波振動產生信號或者響應電信號振

動產生聲波

★coordinates同等的人物;（色調，圖案，樣式等）配套服裝;adj.同等的，等位的,（大學）男女分

院制的;v.協調，整合，使一致;［計算機］坐標

例句：

Incomputergraphics,toenlargeorreduceallorpartofadisplayimagebymultiplyingtheir

coordinatebyconstantvalues.在計算機圖形學中，以常數值乘以圖象的坐標來放大或縮小全部或部分

顯示圖象。

Ananchorcoordinateanewscastinwhichseveralcorrespondentgivereport.新聞節目主播在新聞節

目中綜合整理若干記者的報導。

Thisisacoordinateclause.這是一個并列子句。

★attachv.附上，系上，貼上，使依戀

例句：

Thismiddleschoolisattachedtoateachers1college.這所中學附屬于一所師范院校。

Heattachedalabeltohisbaggage.他往行李上貼了一個標簽。

Wearemuchattachedtoeachother.我們之間感情深厚。

★boundn.跳躍，界限，范圍;adj.必定的，受約束的，裝訂的，有義務的;vt.跳躍前進，形

成界限

例句：

Idon'tlikebeingdesk-bound（eginanoffice）allday.我不喜歡整天拴在辦公桌旁（如在辦公室里）.

Withonebound,hewasoverthewall.他縱身一躍就跳過了墻。

Thedogboundeddownthehill.狗跳躍著朝山下跑去。

2）Knowledgeaboutthemusculoskeletalsystem

2.1usefulwebsites

http://www.hse.gov.uk/msd/index,htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_musculoskeletal_system

2.2.Humanmusculoskeletalsystem

Musculoskeletalsystem（alsoknownasthelocomotorsystem）isanorgansystemthatgivesanimals

（includinghumans）theabilitytomoveusingthemuscularandskeletalsystems.Themusculoskeletal

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systemprovidesform,support,stability,andmovementtothebody.

Itismadeupofthebody'sbones(theskeleton),muscles,cartilage,[l]tendons,ligaments,joints,and

otherconnectivetissue(thetissuethatsupportsandbindstissuesandorganstogether).The

musculoskeletalsystem'sprimaryfunctionsincludesupportingthebody,allowingmotion,andprotecting

vitalorgans.[2]Theskeletalportionofthesystemservesasthemainstoragesystemforcalciumand

phosphorusandcontainscriticalcomponentsofthehematopoieticsystem.[3]

Thissystemdescribeshowbonesareconnectedtootherbonesandmusclefibersviaconnectivetissue

suchastendonsandligaments.Thebonesprovidethestabilitytoabodyinanalogytoironrodsinconcrete

construction.Muscleskeepbonesinplaceandalsoplayaroleinmovementofthebones.Toallowmotion,

differentbonesareconnectedbyjoints.Cartilagepreventstheboneendsfromrubbingdirectlyontoeach

other.Musclescontract(bunchup)tomovetheboneattachedatthejoint.

Thereare,however,diseasesanddisordersthatmayadverselyaffectthefunctionandoverall

effectivenessofthesystem.Thesediseasescanbedifficulttodiagnoseduetothecloserelationofthe

musculoskeletalsystemtootherinternalsystems.Themusculoskeletalsystemreferstothesystemhaving

itsmusclesattachedtoaninternalskeletalsystemandisnecessaryforhumanstomovetoamore

favorableposition.Complexissuesandinjuriesinvolvingthemusculoskeletalsystemareusuallyhandled

byanorthopaedicsurgeon.

l.AMeSHMusculoskeletal+System

2.AMooar,Pekka(2007).''Introduction1,.MerckManual.

/mmhe/sec05/ch058/ch058a.html.Retrieved2008-11-12.

3.八abKahn,Cynthia;ScottLine(2008).MusculoskeletalSystemIntroduction:Introduction.NJ,

USA:Merck&Co.,Inc../mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/90100.htm.

2.3Diseasesanddisorders

Becausemanyotherbodysystems,includingthevascular,nervous,andintegumentarysystems,are

interrelated,disordersofoneofthesesystemsmayalsoaffectthemusculoskeletalsystemandcomplicate

thediagnosisofthedisorder'sorigin.Diseasesofthemusculoskeletalsystemmostlyencompassfunctional

disordersormotiondiscrepancies;thelevelofimpairmentdependsspecificallyontheproblemandits

severity.Articular(oforpertainingtothejoints)[l]disordersarethemostcommon.However,alsoamong

thediagnosesare:primarymusculardiseases,neurologic(relatedtothemedicalsciencethatdealswiththe

nervoussystemanddisordersaffectingit)12Jdeficits,toxins,endocrineabnormalities,metabolicdisorders,

infectiousdiseases,bloodandvasculardisorders,andnutritionalimbalances.Disordersofmusclesfrom

anotherbodysystemcanbringaboutirregularitiessuchas:impairmentofocularmotionandcontrol,

respiratorydysfunction,andbladdermalfunct