時態三類動詞一、實義動詞：具有實際意義的動詞Vi.不及物動詞：Icome.Igo.Ifail.Iwin.Vt.及物動詞：Itakeabook.Ilovehim.Hegivemeabook.Isendhimaletter.HemadeMaryangry.HefoundTonycrying.本身意思完整的動詞本身意思不完整，需要添加賓語才能表達完整意思主謂賓主謂雙賓主謂賓賓補二、系動詞be類：am,is,are,was,were(是...)

seem,appear(似乎是）感官動詞：sound,taste,feel,look,表變化：become,go,turn,get證明是：

prove,turnout表持續：stay,remain,keepIttastes

sweet.Itsounds

good.Shelooks

tired.Sheisanactress.Thenewsfinallyproved

(tobe)true.Theleavesturn

yellowwhentheautumniscoming.Hegot

angrywhenheheardthenews.+形容詞/名詞三、助動詞：幫助動詞變形，變態①be類：am,is,are,was,were②do類：

do,does,did③have類：have,has,had④will類：

will,would⑤情態動詞：can,could,must,should

Iamreadingabook.

Doyoulikeapples?Idon'tlikeapples.Ihavelearned3000words.IwillgotoBeijingnextmonth.Icanplaybasketball.+doing/done/todo+動詞原形+done

+動詞原形+動詞原形動

詞謂語

動詞時態、語態、人稱數虛擬語氣非謂語

動詞邏輯主語主被動關系時間順序實義動詞的考點

狀態時間一般態

(simple)進行態

(continuous)完成態

(perfect)完成進行態(perfectcontinuous)現在(present)一般現在時

be:

am/is/are;V:V/V-s現在進行時V:am/is/areV-ing現在完成時

V:have/hasV-ed現在完成進行時V:have/hasbeenV-ing過去

(past)一般過去時

be:was/wereV:V-ed過去進行時

V:was/wereV-ing過去完成時

V:hadV-ed過去完成進行時V:hadbeenV-ing將來

(future)一般將來時

be:willbe;V:willV將來進行時V:willbeV-ing將來完成時V:willhaveV-ed將來完成進行時過去將來

(pastfuture)(一般)過去將來時be:wouldbeV:wouldV過去將來進行時過去將來完成時過去將來完成進行時時態體現在句子的謂語動詞

語態：主動語態、被動語態

主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。

Theybuiltabridgeovertheriver.

被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。

Abridgewasbuiltovertheriver(bythem).

語態時態主動被動一般現在時V/V-sam/is/are+V-ed一般過去時V-edwas/were+V-ed一般將來時will+Vwillbe+V-ed過去將來時would+Vwouldbe+V-ed現在進行時am/is/are+V-ingam/is/are+being+V-ed過去進行時was/were+V-ingwas/were+being+V-ed將來進行時willbeV-ingwillbebeingV-ed現在完成時have/has+V-edhave/hasbeen+V-ed過去完成時had+V-edhadbeen+V-ed現在完成進行時havebeenV-inghavebeenbeingV-ed一般現在時經常性或習慣性的動作Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性Thevaseisroundwithtrianglehandles.客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實，格言或警句Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Pridegoesbeforeafall.確定按計劃或按照時間要發生的事情，用一般現在時可以表達將來ThetrainforHaikouleavesat8:00inthemorning.在時間、條件、讓步狀從中用一般現在時代替一般將來時PleaseringmeupassoonasyouarriveinGermany.(時間狀語)

Ifitdoesn'train,wewillgoonapicnic.(條件狀語從句)形式：V/V-s;am/is/are1.I______ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.

A.willplay B.haveplayed C.played D.play2.Insomepartsoftheworld,suchasinEngland,tea____withmilkandsugar.A.isserving B.serves C.isserved D.served3.——Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_____.——OK.I’llputtheminthecupboard.

A.havebroken B.arebreaking C.getbroken D.willbebroken4.Ifthewhether

____(be)finetomorrow,wewillgotothecountryside.5.Shesaidthattheseawater____(be)salty.練習1isis一般過去時表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態Wheredidyougojustnow?Marymarriedamerryman.wish,wonder,think,hope,mean等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等，

一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在IthoughtyoumighthavesomemoneywhichIcouldborrow.特殊用法（虛擬語氣）：Itis(high)timethatsb.didsth.Itistimethatyouwenttobed.=Itistimethatyoushouldgotobed.注意：在一般過去時的句子中，通常都要有表示過去的時間狀語

IvisitedthePalaceMuseumlastyear.形式：V-ed;was/were1.——Look!Someonehasspiltcoffeeonthecarpet.——Well,it_____me.

A.isn’t B.wasn’t C.hasn’tbeen D.hadn’tbeen2.——I’veboughtaboxofchocolatesforourdaughter.

——Oh,howgoodadad!Butshedoesn’tlikesweetthings._____that?

A.Don’tyouknow B.Haven’tyouknown C.Didn’tyouknow D.Hadn’tyouknown3.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness_____.

A.hasgrown B.isgrowing C.grew D.hadgrown4.——I’msorry,Ishouldn’thavebeensorudetoyou.——You_____yourtemperbutthat’sOK.

A.havelost B.hadlost C.didlose D.werelosing5.

We_____(go)tothecinemalastnight.Thefilm_____(be)verygood.練習2wentwas一般將來時形式：will/shall+V表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態Ishallbefreeafterjuniorhighschool.表示同意或答應做某事Thatbaglooksheavy.I’llhelpyouwithit.表示一種傾向或推測Flowerswilldiewithoutwater.一般過去將來時形式：would/should+V將來時的其他表達begoingtodoa.表示決定或打算要做某事：I’mgoingtobuyanewcoatthiswinter.b.表示有跡象即將要發生什么事：Lookatthoseblackclouds.Itisgoingtorain.betodoa.表示按計劃或正式安排將要發生的動作：ThehighwayistobeopentotrafficinMay.b.表示命令或吩咐等，否定形式常表示“禁止”或“不許”：Youaretobebackbefore10p.m.,younglady.beabouttodo意為馬上做某事（beabouttodo不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來的時間狀語連用，但可以和when連用）

HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.否定形式表示很不愿意做，無意做：I’mnotabouttogiveupwhenIamsoclosetosuccess.bedoing表示根據現在的計劃或安排，預期將會發生某事，不容隨意改變

（此時動詞通常是arrive/come/go/leave/move/start/stay/get/fly/return/setoff以及eat/meet/die等詞）

I’mleavingyou!1.——Thetelephoneisringing.——I_____answerit.

A.will B.amgoingto C.amto D.amaboutto2.——Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?——I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.

A.had B.would C.wasgoingtoD.did3.——Whatwouldyoudoifit_______tomorrow?——Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe’vegoteverythingready.

A.rain B.rains C.willrain D.israining4.——Sorry,Iforgottoposttheletterforyou.——Nevermind,_____postitmyselftonight.

A.I’mgoingto B.Ipreferto C.I’ll D.I’drather5.——TheweatherissoniceandIamgoingtositinthegarden. ——That’sagoodidea.I_______(join)you.6.I’mnotfeelingwell,andI____

___(go)toseeadoctor.7.Hesaidthathe____

__(fly)toNYthenextweek.8.Theyweresurethatthey___

___(succeed).練習3willjoinwillgo/amgoingtowouldflywouldsucceed現在進行時形式：am/is/areV-ing基本用法表示說話的此刻正在進行的動作Sheismakingafirenow.表示現在時間段中正在進行的動作Theyareplantingtreesonthehillthesedays.表示按計劃或安排將要發生的動作JaneandBettyaregoingonholidayinafewdays.特殊用法表示“厭惡”、“贊嘆”等感情色彩，往往與constantly/always/forever等狀語連用Theteacherisforeverthinkingofdoingmoreforthestudents.表示某一具體動作或心理狀態的發展過程Theweatherischangingforthebetter.1.Idon’treallyworkhere.

I__

__(help)untilthenewsecretarycomes.2.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology____sorapidly.

A.willhavechanged B.haschanged C.ischanging D.willchange3.——Annworksveryhard.——Infact.Ithinkshe_____justnow.

A.studied B.isstudying C.studies D.willstudy4.Pleasecallagain.Jim_____abathnow.

A.hashad B.washaving C.ishaving D.has5.Mymoney_____.ImustgotothebanktodrawsomemoneyoutbeforeIhavenoneinhand.

A.hasrunout B.isrunningout C.hasbeenrunout D.isbeingrunout練習4amhelping6.Icanguessyouwereinahurry.You_____yoursweaterinsideout. A.hadworn B.wore C.arewearing D.werewearing7.You______thingsabout.Look,whatamessinyouroom! A.alwaysthrow B.havealwaysthrown C.arealwaysthrowing D.havealwaysbeenthrown8.You______television.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive? A.alwayswatch B.arealwayswatching C.havealwayswatched D.havealwaysbeenwatching過去進行時形式：was/were+V-ing表示在過去某一時刻正在發生的動作或該動作與過去的另一動作同時發生ShewasplayingthepianowhileIwasreadingthenewspaper.表示過去一段時間內正在進行的動作Weweretalkingaboutyouthewholemorning.表示按計劃、安排過去將要發生的事Hetoldmethathewasgoingsoon.與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，表示感情色彩Thegirlwasalwayschanginghermind.1.He_____tennisatfiveyesterdayafternoon.(play)2.Thestudents_____whentheteachersteppedin.(sing)3.We___

___aboutyourbookthismorning.Thebookisexcellent.(talk)4.——Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?——Oh,I’mterriblysorry._________.

A.I’mnotnoticing B.Idon’tnotice C.Ihaven’tnoticing D.Iwasn’tnoticing5.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_______acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.

A.wastowalk

B.hadbeenwalking

C.walked

D.waswalking練習5wereplayingweresingingweretalking將來進行時形式：shall/willbe+V-ing表示在將來某一時間正在進行的動作I’llbetakingmyholidaysoon.表示稍后一點兒的安排MydutieswillendinJulyandIwillbereturningtoShanghai.現在完成時形式：have/has+V-ed表示結果的現在完成時（影響）現在完成時的“已完成”用法，表示動作或過程發生在說話之前就已完成，并與現在有聯系

Thetemperaturehasincreasedby10℃.(Andnowit’shot.)注意:現在完成時的上下文所指的時態必須呼應

IboughtapenbutIhavelostitnow.表示延續的現在完成時（持續）現在完成時的“未完成”用法，表示一個動作或狀態從過去某時開始，持續到現在

Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.注意：“未完成”用法一般不適用于表示短暫動作或位移的動詞，如：open,break,go,come,arrive,leave等。如用這類動詞表示“未完成”，通常只限于否定結構

Ihaven’tseenafilmforweeks.表示經歷的現在完成時（經歷）強調過去某一時刻到說話時這段時間中的經歷及次數

HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?1.——WhendidhegotoAmerica?——Oh,he_____theresincehalfayearago.

A.went B.hasbeen C.hasgone D.was2.Shelly_____CaliforniaforTexasin1996and____thereeversince.

A.left,worked B.hasleft,hadworkedC.left,hasworked D.hasleft,worked3.Collectingstamps______increasinglypopularduringthepastfiftyyears.

A.becomes B.becameC.hasbecome D.hadbecome4.Robert_____mehisaddresstheotherday,butI’mafraidI_____it.

A.hadgiven,lost B.hasgiven,havelostC.gave,havelost D.gives,lost5.ThisisthefirsttimeinThomas’lifethathe________(pass)theexam.練習6haspassed6.——Howareyoutoday?——Oh,I_____asillasIdonowforaverylongtime. A.didn’tfeel B.wasn’tfeeling C.don’tfeel D.haven’tfelt7.I______halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI’lltrytofinishitattheweekend.A.read B.haveread C.amreading D.willread8.Inthelastfewyears,China______greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.A.hasmade B.hadmade C.wasmaking D.ismaking9.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement______sofarbythetwosides.

A.hasbeenreached B.wasreached C.willreach D.willhavereached過去完成時形式：had+V-ed“已完成”用法表示某一動作或狀態在過去某一時間之前或過去某一動作之前已經完成

（時間狀語一般由by,before,until,when,than等詞引導）

By5:00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.“未完成”用法表示一個動作或狀態在過去某一時刻之前就已開始，一直持續到這一過去時間，

還可能再持續下去（時間狀語一般為uptothattime/uptothen）

Uptothattimeallhadgonewell.“剛剛…就…”過去完成時常用在rarely/hardly/scarcely/barely...when...did；nosooner...than...did中

Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.過去完成時與一般過去時一般過去時表示過去時間的動作或狀態；過去完成時表示“比過去更過去”如果兩個過去的動作沒有明顯的時間前后，兩者都使用一般過去時順著時間順序描述過去連續發生的一系列事情，一般使用過去時歷史事實即便是聯系現在通常也只用一般過去時表示1.Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,whoI_______foryears.

A.didn’tsee B.haven’tseen C.hadn’tseen D.wouldn’tsee2.Silk________oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.

A.hadbecome B.wasbecoming C.hasbecome D.isbecoming3.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones_______yet.A.haven’tinvented B.haven’tbeeninventedC.hadn’tinvented D.hadn’tbeeninvented4.Hardly_____I_____(get)homewhenitbegantorain.5.ItwasatleastthreemonthssinceI____

__(leave)Beijing.練習7hadgothadleft6.Bythetimehewasten,Tom__

___(build)achemistrylabhimself.7.Johngaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon____tohisoldways.

A.returned B.returns C.wasreturning D.hadreturned

8.I____totakeagoodholiday,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.

A.hope B.havehoped C.hadhoped D.hoped

9.Helen____herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.

A.hasleft;comes B.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;came D.hadleft;wouldcome

10.He_____footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.

A.wasplaying B.played C.hasplayed D.hadplayedhadleft現在完成進行時形式：have/hasbeen+V-ing表示動作從過去某時開始，一直延續到現在，并有可能持續下去IhavebeenreadingHemingway’sFarewelltoArmsrecently.

(常和allthistime,thisweek,thismonth,allnight,allthemorning,recently,since,for等狀語連用)表示一個近期內時斷時續、重復發生的動作You’vebeensayingthatforfiveyears.表達較重的感情色彩Whathaveyoubeendoingtomydictionary？現在完成進行時和現在完成時現在完成進行時可以表示動作的重復，

而現在完成時一般不表示重復性Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently?Haveyoumethimrecently?現在完成進行時有時含有感情色彩，

而現在完成時一般是平鋪直敘IhavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohoursIhavewaitedforyoufortwohours.現在完成進行時強調動作，

而現在完成時強調結果、狀態Whohasbeeneatingtheoranges?Whohaseatentheoranges?否定句中一般用現在完成時，

而不是完成進行時Ihavereceivednoassistancefrommyfriend.過去完成進行時形式：hadbeen+V-ing表示過去某一時間之前一直進行的動作過去完成進行時表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始，一直延續到這一過去時間，并有可能持續下去

IhadbeenlookingforitfordaysbeforeIfoundit.表示反復的動作Hehadbeenmentioningyournametome.表達較重的感情色彩Whathadyoubeendoingallthoseyears?1.——Isn’tithardtodrivedowntowntowork?——Yes,that’swhyI______toworkbysubway. A.havebeengoing B.havegone C.wasgoing D.willhavegone2.—WhereisPeter?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand______hisessaythereeversince. A.wrote B.hadwritten C.hasbeenwriting D.iswriting3.Mario______reallyhardonhisbookandthinkshe’llhavefinisheditbyFriday.

A.worked B.hasbeenworking C.hadworked D.hasworked4.Themanager______(tell)theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9a.m.5.Tofindthemissingchild,villagers___

___(do)alltheycanoverthepastfivehours.練習8hasbeentellinghavebeendoing6.Wherehadyoubeen?We______(look)foryoueverywhere.7.Myfriend,who______(teach)Chineseinthisprimaryschoolallhislife,isretiringnextmonth.8.——DidyouenjoyyourselfinwatchingthefilmFrozenIIlastnight?——Youbet!I_____itfor6years.

A.wastoanticipate B.havebeenanticipating C.wasanticipating D.hadbeenanticipating9.Theambulancewasjustarriving,foraworker,who_____thewindowonthesecondfloor,felloffthewindow.

A.hadbeenrepairing B.wasrepairing C.hasbeenrepairing D.wouldberepairinghavebeenlookinghasbeenteaching1．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry___________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams．2．(2022·全國甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao___________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa'shighestmountain．3．(2022·北京卷)Gasnaturally___(have)norecognisablesmell．4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit___(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace．5．(2020·浙江卷7月)And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood___________(need)．haswalkedhaswaswasneededwasfixing真題鏈接鞏固練習1.Hundredsofjobs_________(lose)ifthefactorycloses.2.I’vewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.I_______(take)mymum.3.Anewcinema________(build)here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.4.Selectingamobilephoneisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____(change)sorapidly.5.I_____(play)Ping–pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.6.Visitors______(request)nottotouchtheexhibits.7.JohnandI_____(be)friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe____(see)eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.8.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_____(kill)tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.9.—Howaretheteamplaying?—Theyareplayingwell,butoneofthem________(get)hurt.10.—Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?—I’msorry,I______(notsay)anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.11.Overthepastdecades,seaice

(decrease)intheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.12.—Isthereanythingwrong,Bob?Youlooksad.—Oh,nothingmuch.Infact,I______(justthink)ofmyfriendsbackhome.13.Bythetimeherealizeshe_____(walk)intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.14.Travelers

(remind)thattheyshouldbringtheirIDcardswiththem.15.—Alice,youlookpuzzled.Haveyouunderstoodit?—Yes,I

(thinkof)anotherproblemjustnow.16.-—Youlooksoyoung.Haven’tyougraduatedfromyouruniversity?—Yes,I

(study)intheEnglishDepartmentofShandongUniversityforfouryears.17.—Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?—Yes,butI

(be)busydoingmyhomework.18.Unexpecteddifficulties_____(arise)inthecourseoftheirexperiment.19.—What’sthematter,Mary?Youareawfullyquietandlookblue.—Oh,I____(justthink)ofmybestfriendwhowenttoAmericalastyear.20.Bythetimemymothercamebackfromwork,mysisterandI

(cook)supperandwerewaitingforheratthetable.1．(2022·廈門第六中學高二期中)Thefamousstar________(swing)hisarmstheinstanthesawhisfans.2．(2022·信陽高二練習)ItwasthefirsttimeChina’slecture________(deliver)fromtheorbitingChineseSpaceStation.3．(2022·全國·高二單元測試)Thenumberofvisitors________(rise)steadilysincethereopening，despiteasharpdeclinecomparedtonormalyears.4．(2022·全國·高二單元測試)——I’mfedupwiththewet,coldweatherhere!Iwishtomorrowasunnyday! ——Exactly.Actually,it________(rain)everydayinthepasttwoweeks.5．(2022·全國·高二單元測試)Sincelastmonth,George,alongwithsomeofhisformerclassmates,______(desire)tohavea20-yeargatheringduringthissummerholiday.6．(2022·全國·高二單元測試)Alice______(compete)intheAthensMarathontwicebefore,buthopestoachieveherbesttimethisyear.7．(2022·全國·高二單元測試)Ihopesomedayyou________(find)thewomanwhowillmakeyouhappy.8．(2022·東莞四中高二期中)Itwasthefirsttimethatshe________(chat)onlineinEnglish.9．(2022·東莞高二階段練習)Bythetimeshegottotheschool,thefirstlesson________(start).10．(2022·常州高二階段練習)—Areweabouttohavedinner?—Almost,mothersaidit_______(serve)inthediningroom.提升練習11．(2022·青海·玉樹藏族自治州高二期中)Manypeople________(be)goingtogotoBeijingnextyear.12．(2022·湖南·長沙一中高二階段練習)Asbombsthunderedallaround,cloudsofblacksmokeroseintotheskyand_______(hang)overthesea.13．(2022·湖南師大附中高二期中)I________(delete)thefilebyaccident.I’mterriblysorryaboutthat.14．(2022·湖南·長沙市南雅中學高二階段練習)Columbuscalledthenativeslivingontheislands