PAGEPAGE24必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)Unit1:1.putforward:提出（計(jì)劃、建議等）；將…提前；把鐘表撥快e.g.Heputforwardagoodplanforthisproject.他為這項(xiàng)工程提出了一個(gè)好的方案。Thematchhasbeenputforwardto1:30.比賽已經(jīng)提前到一點(diǎn)半舉行。Puttheclockforwardbytenminutes.把鐘表撥快十分鐘。【詞語聯(lián)想】?putaway:收起來；貯存，儲(chǔ)蓄?putdown:放下；寫下，記下?putoff:推遲；延期?puton:穿上；增加；上演（戲劇）e.g.putonweight:增加了體重putonanewplay:上演新戲劇?putup:張貼；撐開（帳篷）e.g.putupaposterputupatent:搭起帳篷2.conclude:v.作結(jié)論，斷定（conclusion:n.結(jié)論）e.g.Thejuryconcludedthathewasguilty.陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)定他有罪。【習(xí)慣用語】★drawaconclusion作出結(jié)論3.defeatvt.打敗,擊敗,戰(zhàn)勝；使(希望,計(jì)劃等)失敗,挫敗;阻撓,使無效e.g.Hefinallyconcededdefeat.他最終承認(rèn)了失敗。◆區(qū)別:defeat,conquer,overcome?defeat指“贏得勝利”,尤其指“軍事上的勝利”,e.g.defeattheenemy打敗敵人。?conquer指“征服”、”戰(zhàn)勝”,特別指“獲得對(duì)人、物或感情的控制”,e.g.conquernature?overcome指“戰(zhàn)勝”、“壓倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言,e.g.overcomedifficulties4.attend:v.1)tobepresentat;goto(meeting,conference,lecture...)出席；參加e.g.Hedecidedtoattendthemeetinghimself.他決定親自赴會(huì)。2)tolookafter,carefor,serve照顧；看護(hù)。e.g.Whichdoctorisattendingto(on)you?哪位醫(yī)生護(hù)理你？3）togowith伴隨e.g.Theworkwasattendedwithmuchdifficulty.這項(xiàng)工作帶來許多困難。5.expose...to...e.g.Don'texposeyourskintothesunfortoolong.Theyhadtobeexposedtotheenemy'sgunfire.6.blamesb.forsth.因?yàn)槟呈仑?zé)備某人e.g.Heblamedtheboyforhismistake.★betoblame:應(yīng)受責(zé)備，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任Whoistoblameforthemistake？這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)歸咎于誰？7.inaddition:除此之外，另外,意思相當(dāng)于besides,what'smoree.g.Ipaid100Yuaninaddition.InadditiontoEnglish,hehastostudyasecondlanguage.◆區(qū)別:inadditionto,except,besides,beside?inadditionto：除…之外，還有…，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。e.g.Thecompanyprovidedtheworkerswithfreelunchinadditiontopaidholidays.這家公司為員工們提供帶薪假期，還有免費(fèi)午餐。?except:除…之外，表示在整體中排除，e.g.Everyoneexceptmegotaninvitation.除了我以外,所有人都收到了請(qǐng)柬.?besides表示“除了……以外，還有……”，與inadditionto同義，e.g.BesidesMrWang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.王先生也去了。Weallagreedbesideshim.我們都同意,他也同意。?beside:在…旁邊。表示方位。e.g.Lilysitsbesidemeinclass.莉莉在班上做我旁邊。同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1）HespeaksFrenchaswellasEnglish.e.g.HespeaksFrenchinadditionto/besidesEnglish.2)Apartfromthesalary,it’snotabadjob.e.g.Inadditionto/Exceptthesalary,it’snotabadjob.8.announce:公布；宣告e.g.Heannouncedhisdecision.他宣布了他的決定。9.absorbv.1)吸收Aspongeabsorbswater.海綿吸水。2）專心于★beabsorbedinsth:專心的，全神貫注的Thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale.這個(gè)小姑娘正在全神貫注的閱讀一篇故事。10.challengen.挑戰(zhàn);挑戰(zhàn)書;邀請(qǐng)比賽;要求決斗vt.向...挑戰(zhàn),要求,懷疑;vi.挑戰(zhàn),對(duì)(證據(jù)等)表示異議e.g.meettheseriouschallenge面對(duì)嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)Unit2:1.consistof＝bemadeupof由……組成(沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)）e.g.TheUKconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.＝GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandmakeuptheUK.2.區(qū)別:?separate...from(把聯(lián)合在一起或靠近的人或物分離出來）?o把…分開（把整體分為若干部分）e.g.Theteacherdividedtheclassintotwogroups.TheTaiwanStraitseparatesTaiwanfromFujian.3.debateaboutsth.e.g.Theydebateabouttheproposalforthreedays.debate/argue/quarrel4.clarify:vt./vi.(causesth.to)becomeclearoreasiertounderstand澄清；闡明;清楚；明了e.g.IhopewhatIsaywillclarifythesituation.Canyouclarifythequestion?5.belinkedto=beconnectedto/bejoinedto連接【習(xí)慣用語】★linkAtoB將A和B連接起來6.referto1)提及，指的是……e.g.Whenhesaid“somestudents”,doyouthinkhewasreferringtous?2)參考；查閱；詢問e.g.Ifyoudon'tunderstandawordyoumayrefertoyourdictionaries.Pleaserefertothelastpageofthebookforanswers.3)關(guān)系到；關(guān)乎e.g.WhatIhavetosayreferstoallofyou.Thisrulereferstoeveryone.reference:n.參考e.g.referencebooks參考書7.toone'ssurprise(prep)“toone's+名詞”表“令某人……”常見的名詞有“delight,disappointment,enjoyment,astonishment等e.g.Idiscovered,tomyhorror,thatthegoodswereentirelyunfitforsale.ToJohn'sgreatrelieftheyreachedthehouseatlast.8....foundthemselvesunitedpeacefully“find+賓語＋賓補(bǔ)(adj;adv;v-ing;pp;介詞短語；不定式）”e.g.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.You'llfindhimeasytogetalongwith.Theyfoundthemselvestrappedbythebushfire.WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmyselfinhospital.Icalledonhimyesterday,butIfoundhimout.9.getsthdone=havesthdone使某事被做…….e.g.I'lljustgetthesedisheswashedandthenI'llcome.get+n.+todoget+n.+doingYou'llgethertoagree.I'llgetthecargoing.getdone:用于意想不到、突然或偶然發(fā)生，意為“被…….”e.g.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.10.breakaway(fromsb/sth)脫離；破除…e.g.Itisnoteasyforhimtobreakawayfrombadhabits.Themanbrokeawayfromhisguards.breakdown(會(huì)談)破裂，失敗；(汽車等)出故障；(人的健康狀況)變得惡劣；（情感）失控e.g.Hiscarbrokedownonthewaytoworkthismorning.Hishealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.Hebrokedownandweptwhenheheardthenews.Talksbetweenthetwocountrieshavecompletelybrokendown.?breakin闖入；打岔?breakoff中斷，折斷?breakinto闖入?breakout爆發(fā);發(fā)生?breakup驅(qū)散；分散，拆散11.aswellas不僅…而且；既…又…e.g.Heisateacheraswellasawriter.Thechildrenaswellastheirfatherwereseenplayingfootballinthestreet.12.convenience:n.方便；便利（convenient:adj.）e.g.Weboughtthishouseforitsconvenience.13.attraction:（attract:v.）1).吸引；引力(不可數(shù)n.)e.g.attractionofgravitation重力2).吸引人的東西；喜聞樂見的東西；精彩節(jié)目(可數(shù)n.)Hecan'tresisttheattractionoftheseaonahotday.Abigcityoffersmanyandvariedattractions.Whataretheprincipleattractionsthisevening?14.influence1)v.對(duì)…產(chǎn)生影響e.g.Whatinfluenceyoutochooseacareerinteaching?2)可數(shù)n.產(chǎn)生影響的人或事e.g.Heisoneofthegoodinfluencesintheschool.3)(不可數(shù)n.)影響e.g.Ateacherhasgreatinfluenceoverhispupils.Unit3:1.impressionn.印記；印象；感想；后接ofsb./ofsth./onsb./that從句；e.g.Myfirstimpressionofhimwasfavourable.Igottheimpressionthattheywereunhappyaboutthesituation.知識(shí)拓展：impressv.給……留下深刻的印象；使銘記；使感動(dòng)；常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：impresssth.on/uponsb./impresssb.withsth.給……留下深刻的印象；使銘記；e．gItimpressedmethatsherememberedmyname.令我佩服的是她記得我的名字。2.remindv.提醒；使想起；常用結(jié)構(gòu)有:remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事；remindsb.＋(that)/wh-從句提醒某人……；使某人想起……；remindsb.about/ofsth.使某人想起或意識(shí)到……；提醒某人某事e.g.I'msorry,butI'veforgottenyourname,canyouremindme?Youremindmeofyourfatherwhenyousaythat.知識(shí)拓展：remindern.提醒物；引起回憶的事物3.constantlyadv.始終；一直；重復(fù)不斷地e.g.Fashionisconstantlychanging.時(shí)尚總是日新月異。知識(shí)拓展：constantadj.連續(xù)發(fā)生的；不斷的；重復(fù)的；4.previousadj.先前的；以往的；（時(shí)間上）稍前的e.g.Nopreviousexperienceisnecessaryforthisjob.Icouldn'tbelieveitwhenIheardthenews.Ihadonlyseenhimthepreviousday.知識(shí)拓展：previouslyadv.先前的；早先e.g.Thebuildinghadpreviouslybeenusedasahotel.5.bendv.（bentbent）彎曲；使彎曲；彎腰；彎身；e.g.It'shardtobendanironbar.把鐵棒弄彎很不容易。Shebentherheadandkissedherdaughter.她低下頭吻了她的女兒。常用搭配有:bendone'smind/effortstosth.致力于某事bendsb.tosth.迫使；說服bendthetruth歪曲事實(shí)6.pressv.壓；按；推；擠；堅(jiān)持；敦促n.報(bào)章雜志，新聞工作者，新聞界e.g.Shepressedahandkerchieftohisnose.她用手絹捂住鼻子。Shepresseddownhardonthegaspedal.她用力踩下油門踏板。Heisstillpressingherclaimforcompensation.他仍堅(jiān)持索賠。Thepresswas/werenotallowedtoattendthetrial.庭審謝絕新聞采訪。7.switchn.&v.用作名詞表示“開關(guān)；轉(zhuǎn)換”。用作動(dòng)詞表示“轉(zhuǎn)換”。e.g.Shemadetheswitchfromfull-timetopart-timeworkwhenherfirstchildwasborn.Pressthesetwokeystoswitchbetweendocumentsonscreen.Ican'tworknextweek,willyouswitchwithme?8.lackn.&v.用作名詞，表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作動(dòng)詞，表示：“缺乏；短缺；沒有；不足”。e.g.alackoffood/money/skills缺乏食物/金錢/技能Thetripwascancelledthroughlackofinterest.因?yàn)槿狈εd趣這次旅行被取消了。Helacksconfidence.他缺乏信心。知識(shí)拓展：lackingadj.缺乏；沒有；匱乏；不足9.surroundingsn.[pl.]環(huán)境；surroundv.圍繞；環(huán)繞surroundingadj.周圍的；附近的e.g.Everyonelikestoworkinpleasantsurroundings.10.catch/gain/getsightof發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出?losesightof看不見,忘記?loseone'ssight失明?atfirstsight一見就；乍看起來Atfirstsight,theproblemseemseasy.?at(the)sightof一看見就……Atthesightoftheteacher,theboyranaway.?beinsight看得見，在眼前Theislandisstillinsight.?outofsight看不見Outofsight,outofmind.11.takeuptofilloruseanamountofspaceortime占用（時(shí)間）；占據(jù)（空間）tolearntoorstarttodosth開始做（某項(xiàng)工作）；開始從事toacceptsth.thatisofferedoravailable接受（建議或能得到的東西）e.g.Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.這張桌子太占地兒。Theyhavetakenupgolf.他們學(xué)起打高爾夫球來了。Shetookuphisofferofadrink.他請(qǐng)她喝一杯，她接受了。Hetakesuphisdutiesnextweek.他下周就要開始履行職責(zé)。12.sweepup打掃；清掃；橫掃；涌向；快速地抱起e.g.Hesweptupthebabyupintohisarms.他一把將孩子抱進(jìn)懷里Unit4:1.concentratevi.聚精會(huì)神，集中思想，多與on和upon或連用Concentrateonyourwork.集中精神工作。e.g.Adrivershouldconcentrateontheroadwhendriving.Industrialdevelopmentisbeingconcentratedinthewestofthecountry.2.acquirevt.獲得,學(xué)到，取得，擁有acquired,acquiringe.g.SheacquiredaknowledgeoftheEnglishbycarefulstudy.Somesmokingandalcoholicdrinksareanacquiredtasteandarenotinborn.3.accusesb.ofdoingsth.指責(zé)，指控accused,accusinge.g.Thepoliceaccusedhimofmurder.警方指控他謀殺。Sheaccusedhimlying.她指責(zé)他說謊.Hewaswronglyaccusedofstealing.他誤遭控告犯偷盜罪.4.beofinterest/importance,value,use,help,...=interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful...e.g.Thisisamatterofgreatimportance.這是一件非常重要的事。Thebookisofgreatvaluetome.這本書對(duì)我來說有很大價(jià)值。Thereisnothinginteresting/ofinterestintoday'snewspaper.5.journalistn.新聞?dòng)浾撸恍侣劰ぷ髡遝.g.Heisaprofessionaljournalist.他是一位專門的新聞從業(yè)人員6.delighteda.高興的,快樂的e.g.Iamreallydelighted.我真的很高興。【詞語聯(lián)想】delightn.高興,愉快；vt.使高興,樂于；vi.感到高興(或愉快、快樂)e.g.Singingisherchiefdelight.唱歌是她的主要愛好。7.assistn.幫助,協(xié)助；vt.幫助,促進(jìn)；vi.協(xié)助,參加【習(xí)慣用語】?assistsb.withsth.幫助某人[做某事]?assistsb.todosth.幫助某人[做某事]?assistsb.indoingsth.幫助某人[做某事]◆區(qū)別:help,aid,assist都含"幫助"、"援助"的意思。?help系常用詞,意義較aid,assist強(qiáng),指"以積極態(tài)度給予各方面的幫助",強(qiáng)調(diào)"受助者得到幫助或好處",并著重"受助者對(duì)幫助的需要"e.g.Pleasehelpmearrangethesepapers.?aid屬較正式用語,強(qiáng)調(diào)"幫助受助者脫離困難或危險(xiǎn)",有時(shí)意味著"強(qiáng)者援助弱者"e.g.Theyaidedfloodvictims.?assist是正式用語,多指"在提供幫助時(shí),幫助者起次要或起協(xié)助作用"e.g.Sheassistedhiminhisexperiments.Unit5：1.firstaid的意思是“急救”，例如：firstaidtotheinjured給予傷員的急救。短語聯(lián)想give/offeraid援助cometosb'said幫助某人teachingaids教具medicalaid醫(yī)療救護(hù)withtheaidof借助于getinjured受傷，在現(xiàn)代英語中大量地出現(xiàn)了由“get+及物動(dòng)詞不達(dá)意的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這叫g(shù)et-型被動(dòng)語態(tài)。又如：Thecomputergot(was)damagedwhenweweremoving.Mybikeisgetting(isbeing)repairedrow.2.Protect動(dòng)詞，“保護(hù)、維護(hù)”，用于句式“protect+名詞+against/from+名詞”。e.g.Heiswearingsunglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.【短語聯(lián)想】?Keep...from...不讓/避免?stop...(from)...阻止?prevent...(from)...妨礙/防止?disable...from...使……失去（能力/資格）?save...from...挽救、拯救3.dependon取決于。e.g.Theamountyoupaydependsonwhereyoulive.詞義拓展dependon依靠，依賴：Hisfamilydependsonhim.他的一家人全靠他養(yǎng)活。依賴，信任：WearedependingonyoutofinishthejobbyFriday.4.squeeze動(dòng)詞，意思是“榨取”、“擠出”，例如：squeezeanorange榨橘子squeeze+名詞+out(of/from)+名詞，e.g.Thoseblackmailersintendedtosqueezemoremoneyoutofhim.5.hurt既可作及物動(dòng)詞，作“傷害”、“使受傷”解，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表達(dá)身體的受傷，也可以表達(dá)情感的傷害。例如：e.g.Thelittleboyhasfallenoffaladderandhurthimself.Thedriverhurthimselfintheaccident.司機(jī)在事故中受了傷。6.unless除非……；如果不……。如：7.icyadj.冰涼的-y是個(gè)形容詞后綴。如：windy有風(fēng)的hilly多小山的sleepy困倦的greeny略呈綠色spicy辛辣的woody樹木茂密的thirsty饑渴的dirty臟的snowy下雪的8.inplace放在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤健Ｈ纾篹.g.Thelibrarianputthereturnedbooksinplace.圖書管理員把還回的圖書放到原處。Yon'dbetterputthingsbackinplace.Otherwise,itwillbedifficulttofindthings.9.sensen.感覺?senseoftouch觸覺senseofsight視覺?senseofhearing聽覺senseofsmell嗅覺?senseofhumour幽默感senseofbeauty美感?enseofhunger饑餓感thesixthsense第六感10.varietyn.多樣,種類,★avarietyof…各種各樣……【詞語聯(lián)想】variousa.不同的,各種的,多方面的,許多的e.g.Everyonearrivedlateatthepartyforvariousreasons.高二英語必修五完整語法總結(jié)過去分詞作——定語、表語、賓補(bǔ)、狀語ThePastParticipleusedAsAttributeandPredicative第一講、過去分詞做定語和表語1.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.2.Hethrewawaythebrokencup.3.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.4.Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.單個(gè)過去分詞作定語，常放在被修飾詞的前面;過去分詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞的后面。spokenEnglish=Englishwhichisspokenterrifiedpeople=thepeoplewhoareterrifiedanorganizedway=awaythatisorganizedaffectedarea災(zāi)區(qū)=theareawhichisaffectedstolenculturerelics=culturerelicsthathadbeenstolenthebookrecommendedbytheteacher=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbytheteacherprintedarticles=articlesthatareprinted1)DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.定語2)JohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreet.定語3)Hegotinterestedinthetwotheories.表語4)Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood表語PastParticipleastheAttribute定語PastParticipleasthePredicative表語1.terrifiedpeople1.peoplewhoareterrified2.reservedseats2.seatsthatarereserved3.pollutedwater3.waterthatispolluted4.acrowdedroom4.aroomthatiscrowded5.apleasedwinner5.awinnerthatispleased6.Astonishedchildren6.childrenwholookastonished7.abrokenvase7.avasethatisbroken8.acloseddoor8.adoorthatisclosed9.thetiredaudience9.theaudiencewhofeeltired10.atrappedanimal10.ananimalthatistrappedTherearemanyfallenleavesontheground.=Therearemanyleaveswhichhadfallenontheground.(地上有許多落葉)Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.=Someofthem,whohadbeenbornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.(他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒去過北京)及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示結(jié)束了的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或者沒有一定的時(shí)間性,只表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。pollutedwater=waterwhichispollutedreservedseats=theseatswhichwerereservedtrappedanimal=theanimalwhichwastrapped不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不表被動(dòng)，只表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，含有動(dòng)作完成，動(dòng)作結(jié)束之含義。boiledwater=waterwhichhasboiledfallenleaves=theleaveswhichhavefallenrisensun=thesunwhichhasrisen過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號(hào)隔開。Thebooks,writtenbyGuoJingming,areverypopularwithteenagers.這些書是郭敬明寫的，深受青少年的喜愛。Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒過北京.Thebook_writtenbythefarmer(一本農(nóng)民寫的書)isverypopular.Thebuildingbuiltlastyear(去年建的樓房)nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday(在昨天會(huì)議上討論的)wasverydifficulttosolve.Thewindowbrokenbythatnaughtyboy被那個(gè)頑皮男孩打破的)isbeingrepaired.Thechildrenexaminedinthehospitalyesterday昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的)wereseriouslyill.Thepeopleexposedtothesun(暴露在陽光下的)gotsunburnt.Theboypunishedseverelybytheteacher(受到老師嚴(yán)厲懲罰的)isnowacollegestudent.Thewaterdeliveredtohishome(送到他家的水)carrieddisease.TheEnglishtodayisquitedifferentfromtheEnglishspokeninthepast300years(300年前所說的).Mostoftheartistsinvitedtotheparty(被邀請(qǐng)去參加聚會(huì)的)werefromSouthAfrica.Thestudentsinspiredbytheteacher(受到老師鼓舞的)workedharderthaneverbefore.TheOlympicGames,__A_in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。③不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.Consolidation鞏固1.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying2.Withalotofdifferentproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettle D.beingsettled3.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known4.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”A.pin,readB.pinning,readingC.pinned,readingD.pinned,read2）作表語表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。許多動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)被當(dāng)作形容詞使用。如：disappointed,excited,moved,puzzled,pleased,surprised,lost等。Thewindowisbroken.窗戶碎了。Don’tgetsoexcited.別這么激動(dòng)。1.用作表語的過去分詞被動(dòng)意味很弱，主要表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞動(dòng)詞意味很強(qiáng),句子主語為動(dòng)作的承受者，后面常跟by短語。①Theglassisbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.②Thewindowsareclosed.ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.3.表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如:interested,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表語,表示狀態(tài).其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無被動(dòng)意味。①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?Theygotveryexcited.②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?Well,hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.③Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.④He’squiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners.作表語練習(xí)：Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay該題考查分詞作表語的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.1.Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.grewlostD.gotlost3.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義．現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成．a(chǎn)movingmovie感人的電影amovedaudience被感動(dòng)的觀眾boilingwater正在燒(煮沸)的水boiledwater已煮沸的水developingcountries反展中國(guó)家developedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家fallingleaves落葉(正在進(jìn)行)fallenleaves落葉(已經(jīng)完成)Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverygood.TheroadcompletedyesterdayisleadingtoTibet.第二講、過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)用法歸納英語中過去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)，（此時(shí)的過去分詞一般是及物動(dòng)詞）表被動(dòng)意義或完成意義，有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即賓語是過去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。如：

Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài)。)

一．

過去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的后面。

Eg:Theykeptthedoorlockedforalongtime.

Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.(諺語：少說多看）

Don'tleavesuchanimportantthingundone.

Don'tleavethewindowsbrokenlikethisallthetime.

二．過分詞用在get,have,make,的后面。

1.注意“have+賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況：

A）表"讓某人做某事/讓某事（被人）做"

eg:Ihavehadmybikerepaired.

Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedjustthen.

B)表"遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受影響，蒙受損失"

Eg:Ihadmywalletstolenonabuslastmonth.

Theoldmanhadhislegbrokenintheaccident.

Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchyesterday.(MET1986)

2."make+賓語+過去分詞",在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：

TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodinverysimpleEnglish.

Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.

三、過去分詞用在感觀動(dòng)詞watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find等后面。如

Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.

Wecanhearthewindowsbeatenbytheheavyraindrops.

Hefelthimselfcheated.

Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseecarriedoutthenextyear.(NMET2000)

四、過去分詞用在want,wish,like,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)。如

Thebosswouldn'tliketheproblemdiscussedatthemoment.

Iwouldlikemyhousepaintedwhite.

Iwantthesuitmadetohisownmeasure.

Iwishtheproblemsettled.

五、過去分詞用在“with+賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：

Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.

Withmanybrightly-colouredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.

Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.

六、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。

現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是主謂關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。

過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作。

不定式作賓補(bǔ)：表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動(dòng)作。

eg:Hedidn'tnoticemewaiting.

IheardthesongsunginEnglish.

Isawhimopeningthewindow.

Isawthewindowopened.

Isawhimopenthewindow.

IheardhersingthesonginEnglish.專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1：

1.___pooratEnglish,I'mafraidIcan'tmakemyself___.

A.Tobe;understandB.I'm;tounderstandC.Being;understandingD.Being;understood

2.Ihavehadmybike___,andI'mgoingtohavesomebody___myradiotomorrow.

A.repair;torepairB.repairing;toberepairedC.repaired;repairD.torepair;repairing

3.Youmustgetthework___beforeFriday.

A.doB.todoC.doingD.done

4.___theroom,thenursefoundthetape-recorder___.

A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;goneC.Tohaveentered;beingstolenD.Havingentered;tobestolen

5.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.

A.settledB.havingbeensettledC.besettledD.settling

6.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad____wentwrongagain.(上海1999）

A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired

7.Itiswisetohavesomemoney___foroldage.(NMET1996)

A.putawayB.keepupC.giveawayD.laidup(putaway放好,儲(chǔ)存...備用,處理掉,放棄,拋棄)

8.Idon'twantthechildren___outinsuchweather.

A.takeB.totakeC.takenD.taking

9.I'mafraidthatIcan'tmakemyself___becauseofmypoorEnglish.

A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood

10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.

A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied(表動(dòng)作完成）專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練2：

1.Wefoundhergreatly___.

A.improvingB.changedC.tohelpD.havingdisturbed

2.Janegotherbadtooth___atthedentist's.

A.toputinB.pulledoutC.pushedoutD.drawingout

3.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(上海2002)

A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted

4.Withalotofdifficulties___,theywenttotheseashoreandhadagoodrest.

A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce___nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)

A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun(oncebegun在句中作狀語，begin為及物動(dòng)詞:“著手”）

6.___,theywenthome,___.

A.Theirworkhadbeenfinished;singingandlaughing

B.Theyhadfinishedtheirwork;sangandlaughed

C.Theirworkfinished;singingandlaughing

D.aftertheirworkfinished;singingandlaughing

7.BeforehecametoLondon,hehadneverheardasingleEnglishword___

A.speakingB.speakC.spokenD.tospeak

8.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.

A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven

9.___fromspace,theearthwithwater___70％ofitssurfacelookslikea"blueblanket".

A.Seen;coveredB.Beingseen;coversC.Seeing;coveringD.Seen;covering

10.____,theexperimentwillbesuccessful.

A.IfcarefullydoingB.IfitdonecarefullyC.IfcarefullydoneD.Ifdoingcarefully

11.Thegirlwroteacompositionwithout___.

A.askB.askingC.beingaskedD.tobeasked

12.Hefinishedhishomeworkandthenwenton___me.

A.helpingB.withhelpC.withhelpingD.tohelp

13.___wheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.

A.Havinglosthiswayandnotknowing

B.Losinghiswayanddidn'tknow

C.Havinglosthiswayanddidn'tknow

D.Losthiswayanddidn'tknow

14.____herfriendwasbadlyhurt,sheburstintotears.

A.HearingB.HavingheardC.TohearD.Heard

15.____histeamhadwon,hisfacelitupatonce.

A.KnowingB.WhenknowingC.AfterknowingD.Whenheknew專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練3：

1.Theyhurriedbackhomeonlytofindtheirhouse___into.

A.breakB.tobreakC.brokenD.breaking

2.Whenhecameto,hefoundhimself___onachair,withhishands___back.

A.tosit;tiedB.sitting;tyingC.sat;tiedD.sitting;tied

3.Wedonotfeel___toentermodernbuildings;everythingaboutthemseemsunfriendly.

A.invitedB.invitingC.toinviteD.tobeinvited

(feel后加形容詞，此處的invited表主語we的感受)

4.I'mgoingtohavemyletters____tomorrowifI'vegotthemreadybythen.

A.totypeB.typeC.typedD.typing

5.Everygreatcultureinthepasthaditsownideasofbeauty___inartandliterature.

A.expressedB.toexpressC.beingexpressedD.tobeexpressed答案：

專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1：1-10DCDBACACDD

專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練2：:1-15BBAADDDADCCDDAD

專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練3：:1-5CDACA第三講、PastParticipleAstheadverbial過分作狀語Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparents’company…..Confusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.Exhausted,Islidintothebedandfellfastasleep.過去分詞作狀語：過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個(gè)狀語從句。vt過去分詞作狀語時(shí)與主句主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，vi過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的完成。Heated,waterchangesintosteam.Theprofessorcamein,followedbyagroupofyoungpeople.1作原因狀語，等于as/since/because引導(dǎo)從句Movedbywhatshesaid,wecouldn’thelpcrying.=(Aswearemovedbywhatshesaid…2作時(shí)間狀語，等于when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句，如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/while/until等使時(shí)間意義更明確。Whenheated,watercanbechangedintosteam.Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.=(Whentheparkisseenfromthehill…3作條件狀語等于if/whether引導(dǎo)從句Givenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.=(Iftheyhavebeengivenmoreattention….Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo=(Ifwearecomparedwithyou…4作方式或伴隨狀語Theactresscamein,followedbyherfans.Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.5作讓步狀語Muchtired,hestillkeptonworking.＝（Althoughhewastired,)he….6獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語不是主句主語時(shí)，分詞可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來表示伴隨情況。Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.Allthingsconsidered,yourarticleisofgreatvaluethanhers.RewritewithproperconjunctionsExample:Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfall.1Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.→Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,…2Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.→Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,…3Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Ifweweregivenmoretime,4OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,5Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.Becauseshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,6Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，與其邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，；而過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Seeingthesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijing.Seenfromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.(see)選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。例如：Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用注意:1.系表示主語所處的狀態(tài)_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostinbedressedinbeinterestedinbedevotedtobesupposedtobecaughtintherainbeseatedinb