LECTURELECTUREAggregateDemandDaiGuang2005SpringDepartmentofNanjingUniversityofFinance&InthischapteryouwillInthischapteryouwillIS曲凱恩斯交叉可貸資金模LM曲流動偏好理模型AggregateDemandslideLECTUREAggregateDemandslideLECTURE模型模型AggregateDemandslideLECTURE凱恩斯交叉圖TheKeynesian凱恩斯交叉圖TheKeynesian==C+I+實際GDP實際支出actualAggregateDemandslideLECTUREElementsoftheKeynesianCG=C=GElementsoftheKeynesianCG=C=GT=TI=C=-T)+E+=YAggregateDemandslideLECTUREEE=C+IEE=C+I1收入、產出AggregateDemandslideLECTUREGraphingtheequilibriumEEGraphingtheequilibriumEEincome,output,AggregateDemandslideLECTUREEEE=CEEE=C+I收入、產出均衡收AggregateDemandslideLECTUREE在Y1時E=C+E在Y1時E=C+IE=C+IYE1==AggregateDemandslideLECTUREYC+++====I+YC+++====I+DCMPC+(1-=·1=1-MPCAggregateDemandslideLECTUREMPC=1=1-115==MPC=1=1-115===1-政府購買G的增加使得收入增加5AggregateDemandslideLECTURE在我們的模型中1=1-MPC1=在我們的模型中1=1-MPC1==1-AggregateDemandslideLECTURE起初,的增加導致了Y起初,的增加導致了Y的相同的增加DY=進一步DGAggregateDemandslideLECTUREEEDC=-MPCYE2=E1=AggregateDemandslideLECTURE=DC+=+Iand==DC+=+Iand=MPC·DDY-DT(1-MPC)·=-MPC·-=1-MPC·AggregateDemandslideLECTURE=1-MPC0.8--=1-MPC0.8--=-==1-AggregateDemandslideLECTURETheTax…是negative負TheTax…是negative負…比1要大…比政府乘數要小smallerthanthegovtspendingmultiplier:消費者對于稅收減少一單位的反應是增加(1-MPC)的儲蓄,因此稅收減少的初始效應就比政府AggregateDemandslideLECTUREUseagraphoftheKeynesianCrosstoshowtheimpactofanincreaseininvestmentontheequilibriumUseagraphoftheKeynesianCrosstoshowtheimpactofanincreaseininvestmentontheequilibriumlevelofAggregateDemandslideLECTURE線定義:關于導致短期內商品市場均衡的所有Y(產出的所有rY線定義:關于導致短期內商品市場均衡的所有Y(產出的所有rYY=C-T)+I(r)+AggregateDemandslideLECTURE推導IS曲EEE=C+I(r推導IS曲EEE=C+I(r2E=C+I(r1YrYAggregateDemandslideLECTUREISIS曲線是向右ISIS曲線是向右下方傾斜的高了總計劃支出(E)。)AggregateDemandslideLECTUREIS(b)可貸資金模曲rrIS(b)可貸資金模曲rrI(rYS,AggregateDemandslideLECTURE我們可以使IS-模型來我們可以使IS-模型來分析財政策(GandT)是如何影響總需求和總產政策是如何影響IS曲線的…AggregateDemandslideLECTUREIS曲線的移動EE=C+I(r1E=CIS曲線的移動EE=C+I(r1E=C+I(r1EYr1DYI2YAggregateDemandslideLECTUREShiftingtheISUseShiftingtheISUsethediagramoftheKeynesianCrossorLoanableFundsmodeltoshowhowanincreaseintaxesshiftstheIScurve.AggregateDemandslideLECTUREduetoJohnMaynardduetoJohnMaynardAggregateDemandslideLECTURE貨幣供給MoneyrsPP=P貨幣供給MoneyrsPP=PMPAggregateDemandslideLECTURE貨幣需求Moneyr對真實貨幣嗎）:sPdP貨幣需求Moneyr對真實貨幣嗎）:sPdP=L(rL(rMPAggregateDemandslideLECTURErsMP=L(rMPLrsMP=L(rMPL(rrealmoneyMPAggregateDemandslideLECTURErL(rrealmoney21PPAggregaterL(rrealmoney21PPAggregateDemandslideLECTURE行減少MLM曲d=L(r,YPLM曲d=L(r,YPLM曲線curve就是使得真實貨幣余額的需求等于供給的所有r和Y的組合.曲線方程為MP=L(r,YAggregateDemandslideLECTURELM(b)LM真實貨幣余額市rrL(r,Y2LM(b)LM真實貨幣余額市rrL(r,Y2r1L(r,Y1YYY121PAggregateDemandslideLECTURELMLMAggregateDemandslideLECTUREHowshiftstheLM(bLM真實貨幣余額市rrLHowshiftstheLM(bLM真實貨幣余額市rrL(r,Y1YY121PPAggregateDemandslideLECTUREr時達到均衡的r和Y=C-T)+Ir時達到均衡的r和Y=C-T)+I(r)+=L(r,Y YMP AggregateDemandslideLECTURETheBigTheBig線論型型型AggregateDemandslideLECTUREChapterYES從今天開始，我要仔細閱讀教材，AggregateChapterYE