閱讀單詞認讀marathonn.athleticsn.innovatevi.&vt.vaccinen.resiliencen.dopingn.clonevt.n.genen.artificiallyadv.identicaladj.mammaln.cameln.cattlen.goatn.primaten.apen.reproductiveadj.cluen.provokevt.ethicaladj.inferioradj.cursen.atomn.organn.impulsen.crosswordn.intaken.omegan.epidemicn.virusn.variationn.bacterian.baselinen.paralleln.adj.samplen.vt.CElungn.trialn.underlinevt.symbolicallyadv.mineraln.databasen.astronomern.重點單詞識記vt.證明……有道理,為……辯護n.參加者,參與者n.障礙,壁壘n.雙胞胎中的一個adv.永遠;長久地n.強烈的情感,激情adj.至關重要的,關鍵性的adj.很有可能,肯定會adj.僅僅,只不過;極小的,極不重要的vt.濫用,妄用;虐待n.濫用;虐待vt.包含,容納,裝盛vi.&vt.找出……的準確位置n.地區,地帶n.因素,要素adv.官方地,正式地adj.稀有的,罕見的,不常發生的adj.分布廣的,廣泛流傳的vt.&n.估計,估算adj.看得見的n.癥狀;征兆,癥候vt.埋葬,安葬;埋藏vt.造成,引起,產生(問題、危險、困難等)n.(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)姿勢,姿態n.(戰爭或疾病)爆發,突然發生adj.實際的,真實的adj.徹底的,全面的,詳盡的n.(文章的)段,段落n.現象n.針n.(犯罪)嫌疑人,可疑分子n.(襲擊事件、搶劫事件或兇殺案的)受害者核心詞匯拓展__________n.生物學→__________adj.生物的;生物學的→__________n.生物學家__________n.(完成困難事情的)能力,才能→__________adj.有能力的__________vt.推斷,推定→__________n.推斷,推定__________vt.計算,核算→__________n.計算,核算→__________n.計算器__________n.物理學家→__________n.物理學→__________adj.物理學的;身體的;物質的__________n.(個人社會和經濟地位的)改良,改善,提高→__________vt.改善,提高;超過;勝過__________vi.&vt.編輯,編校;剪輯,剪接→__________n.版本,版次→__________n.編輯,主編__________n.比較→__________v.比較__________adv.完全地→__________adj.完全的__________adj.準確的,正確的→__________adv.準確地→__________n.準確性,準確度__________n.診療,治療,療法;對待方式→__________n.樂事;款待vt.治療;對待__________n.福氣,幸運→__________vt.祝福__________n.神經;焦慮,恐懼,緊張→__________adj.緊張的__________vt.將……分類;把……歸入一類→__________adj.分類的;機密的→__________n.歸類,分類,分級__________adj.與某事物相反;反對某事物→__________vt.反對→__________adj.對面的;相反的→__________n.反對,反抗__________adj.令人沮喪的,讓人憂愁的→__________adj.沮喪的,憂愁的→__________vt.令人沮喪;使蕭條→__________n.沮喪;(經濟)蕭條__________adv.穩定地→__________adj.穩定的;穩固的→__________adj.不穩定的__________adj.系統化的,有條理的→__________n.系統,體系,制度__________n.地球,世界;地球儀→__________adj.全球的__________adj.相應的;對應的→__________vi.相一致;符合;類似于→__________n.一致;相似;相關;通信;信件__________vi.不同,不一樣;有異議→__________adj.不同的→__________n.不同;分歧__________vt.確定,發現;認出,識別→__________n.確定,發現;鑒定;辨認核心短語速記不利健康的食品,垃圾食品導致incomparisonwithagreatdealof一定;勢必會被看作是comeintocontactwith被歸類為onrecord多達;直到度過,熬過;設法處理,完成inthecourseofresultin想出,想到merchantadj.商業的n.商人;生意人mercifuladj.仁慈的;寬大的militaryadj.軍事的;軍用的ministern.部長;牧師minorityn.少數;少數民族modestadj.謙虛的;謙遜的moraladj.道德上的motivationn.動機;動力motton.箴言,格言multiplyvt.&vi.乘;(使)增加;繁殖Theywerethefirst-everprimates(theorderofmammalswhichincludeapes,monkeys,andhumans)tohavebeencloned！(thefirst...todo...)它們是有史以來首次被克隆的靈長類動物(哺乳動物的一個類別,包括猿、猴子和人類)!Whilesomepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement,othersraisemoralconcerns.(while引導的讓步狀語從句)盡管有些人認為這對于科學的進步至關重要,但也有人提出了道德方面的擔憂。Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.(insistthat賓語從句中的虛擬語氣)研究人員堅持認為,克隆科學應進一步得到探索與發展。Withrecentpressreportsdrawingparallelsbetweenbirdfluandkillerepidemicsofthepast,JimSmithlooksatthesometimesdepressinghistoryofepidemicsforcluesabouthowwecancreateamorepositivefuturewithoutepidemics.(with的復合結構)隨著最近的媒體報道將禽流感和過去的致命流行病相類比,吉姆·史密斯審視了有時令人沮喪的流行病歷史,尋找關于我們如何創造一個更美好的沒有流行病的未來的線索。Scientistsnowestimatethatupto50%ofthearea’spopulationdiedfromtheepidemic,makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire.(現在分詞短語作結果狀語)科學家們現在估計,該地區多達50%的人口死于這種流行病,使其成為羅馬帝國衰落的主要原因之一。Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months,theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostsevereepidemicinhistory.(sb/sthbebelievedtobe...某人/某物被認為是……)在18個月內造成5000萬人死亡之后,西班牙流感被認為是歷史上最嚴重的流行病。請先從表格中選用本單元所學詞匯完成下列短文,然后核對答案并背誦該短文。wholly,emotion,estimate,classify,barrier,depressing,abuse,crucialInthecurrentera,whatpeopledohurtsnotonlythemselvesbutalsoanimals,suchassomecamels,cattle,apesandgoats.Bycomparisonwithwidespreadtraditionalofflinemedicalcare,remotemedicalcareisvery1.__________,whichcanbreakthe2.__________oftimeandspace,andprovidethebestdoctorsandtheidenticalaccuratetreatmentforpatients,butsomeillegalorganizations,3.__________ignoringtheethicalprinciples,areburiedineditingsomefalseadvertisementsartificiallyand4.__________network,providingsomefalsecluesforpatients.Itisboundtoleadtopermanenthurttopatients,whichwillprovokeangry5.__________andmustbeforbiddenforever.Tomakemattersworse,itis6.__________thatsomerareanimalsaredisappearing.Therearemanyfactorsfortheirdisappearance,andtheycanberoughly7.__________intotwocategories,partlybecausetheyhavenocapabilitytoadapttotheenvironment,andpartlybecauseofhumanactivities,whichposeathreattotheirhabitats.Itis8.__________thatsomepeoplekillanimalsbecausetheyattributetheoutbreakofsomediseasestothevirusestheycarry.Fortunately,mostpeopleareopposedtothispracticeandcallforeffortstodevelopthoroughandsystematicmeasurestoprotectanimalsontheglobe.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯treatmentn.治療;處理;待遇(treatn.樂事;款待vt.對待;治療;請客)undertreatment在治療中treat...as...把……看作……;把……視為……treatsbtosth用某物招待某人,以某物款待某人treatsbwith...以……方式對待某人Mytreat.我請客。BecauseIwasunder__________(treat),mymotherwasstronglyopposedtomyfathertreatingmetojunkfood.通過社區服務,我完全意識到,我們不僅要以尊重的方式對待無家可歸的人,而且應該把他們看作平等的人。(2022·浙江6月,讀后續寫)Throughthecommunityservice,Iwhollyrealizedthatnotonlybutwealso.containvt.包含;容納;控制,抑制(感情)containone’sanger/disappointment/curiosity/feelings克制自己的憤怒/失望/好奇/情感containoneself控制自己;自制Theboxisboundto__________anumberofletters,__________thosefromheradmirersandherhusband’sletters__________aswell.(用contain和include填空)(讀后續寫之憤怒心理描寫)他無法控制自己的憤怒,轉過身來怒吼,“到底是誰干的？”,heturnedaroundandroaredangrily,“Whoonearthdidit?”(讀后續寫之喜悅心理描寫)領獎時,那名年輕的參加者高興得無法控制自己,笑得合不攏嘴。Whentakinguptheprize,theyoungparticipantforjoy,grinningfromeartoear.用法點撥contain側重于所含有的數量或成分;include側重于范圍,是整體和部分的關系,常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included”的結構。classifyvt.分類,歸類(classifiedadj.分類的;機密的classificationn.分類,類別)classify...into...把……分為……classifysb/sthassth把……劃分為/界定為……Epidemicsfallintodifferent__________(classify)accordingtothewaytheyarespread.(應用文寫作之建議信)有人建議,當我們背誦單詞時,應該把它們分成不同的類別。例如,有些詞可以歸類為與體育有關的詞。Itissuggestedthatwordswhenwelearnthembyheart.Forinstance,somewordssports-relatedwords.opposedadj.相反的;對立的(opposevt.反對;抵制;阻撓oppositeadj.對面的;相反的oppositionn.反對)beopposedto(doing)sth反對(做)某事oppose(doing)sth反對(做)某事opposesb/sb’sdoingsth反對某人做某事Someexpertsareopposedto__________(abuse)antibiotics(抗生素)becausetheywillweakenourimmunesystems.＝Someexpertsoppose__________(abuse)antibioticsbecausetheywillweakenourimmunesystem.Therearesomecamelsfeedingondrygrass__________(oppose)histent.我強烈反對大衛放棄越野跑。他緊緊地閉上眼睛,思索著我的反對。(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ,讀后續寫)Istronglyopposedthecross-countryrun.Heclosedhiseyestightly,ponderingon.(讀后續寫之悲傷心理描寫)Becauseallofmyfriendswereopposedtomyplan,Icouldn’tresistsobbing,hidingmyfaceinmyhands.→,Icouldn’tresistsobbing,hidingmyfaceinmyhands.(用with復合結構改寫)→,Icouldn’tresistsobbing,hidingmyfaceinmyhands.(用獨立主格結構改寫)buryvt.埋葬;埋藏;使陷入;覆蓋;掩藏bury...in...把……埋到……;使……沉浸于……buryoneselfin(doing)...埋頭于/專心于……beburiedin專心于buryone’sfaceinone’shands雙手掩面(讀后續寫之動作鏈描寫)他一屁股坐地上,雙手掩面,開始傷心地哭起來。Hefloppeddownontheground,andbegantoweepsadly.英語口語俱樂部的會員們每天花半個小時專心練習說英語,漸漸地,他們說英語越來越流利了。(2022·天津,書面表達)SpokenEnglishclubmembersandtheygraduallyspeakEnglishmoreandmorefluently.,SpokenEnglishclubmembersgraduallyspeakEnglishmoreandmorefluently.(用現在分詞短語作狀語改寫),SpokenEnglishclubmembersgraduallyspeakEnglishmoreandmorefluently.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)suspectvt.懷疑n.被懷疑者(suspicionn.懷疑;疑心suspiciousadj.懷疑的;可疑的)suspectsbof(doing)sth懷疑某人(做)某事suspectsbtobe/as...懷疑某人是……besuspiciousof/about...對……懷疑(讀后續寫之悲傷心理描寫)Hesuspectedmeof__________(steal)theoldwoman’sgoldringandevenmybestfriendwas__________(suspect)aboutmypersonalqualities,soIburiedmyfaceinmyhands,sobbinguncontrollably.Themiddle-agedmanwassuspected__________(be)amurderbecausehehadaconflictwiththevictim.用法點撥與suspectsbofsth結構相同的短語還有informsbofsth通知某人某事;remindsbofsth提醒某人某事;robsbofsth搶劫某人某物;accusesbofsth控告某人某事;warnsbofsth警告某人某事。thefirst...todo...Theywerethefirst-everprimates(theorderofmammalswhichincludeapes,monkeys,andhumans)tohavebeencloned！它們是有史以來首次被克隆的靈長類動物(哺乳動物的一個類別,包括猿、猴子和人類)!本句中不定式短語tohavebeencloned作后置定語,修飾thefirst-everprimates。當中心詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾時,常用不定式(短語)作后置定語。英語中常用不定式(短語)作后置定語的情況：被修飾詞為序數詞、形容詞最高級或被序數詞、形容詞最高級修飾時;被修飾詞前有theonly,thevery,thenext等詞對其進行修飾時;不定代詞something,nothing,little等后;抽象名詞time,way,reason,chance,ability,courage,opportunity,wish等后。Weallhavesomething__________(be)gratefulforbutwedon’trealizeit.雖然大衛是最后一個越過終點線的參與者,但他并不沮喪,相反,他的臉上綻放出勝利的光芒。(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ,讀后續寫)ThoughDavid,hewasnotdepressedandinstead,hisfacelitupwithvictory.約翰是第一個想到做爆米花幫助伯納德掙外快的人。他相信他有能力幫助伯納德走出困境。(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ,讀后續寫)JohnwastohelpBernardearnsomeextramoney.Hewasconvincedthathehadtheability.(應用文寫作之申請信)我能說一口流利的英語,而且我是班上唯一一個出國深造的學生。毫無疑問我是負責這項工作的最佳人選。IcanspeakfluentEnglishandIamforfurtherstudy.ThereisnodoubtthatIam.現在分詞短語作結果狀語Scientistsnowestimatethatupto50%ofthearea’spopulationdiedfromtheepidemic,makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire.科學家們現在估計,該地區多達50%的人口死于這種流行病,使其成為羅馬帝國衰落的主要原因之一。此句中的makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire是現在分詞短語作結果狀語,表示意料、情理之中的結果;另外,動詞不定式也可作結果狀語,一般放在句子后面,且常表示出乎意料的結果,常與only,just等詞連用。(應用文寫作之自薦信)Firstofall,IspeakfluentEnglish.Itpermitsmetocommunicatewithvisitorswithoutdifficulty.→Firstofall,IspeakfluentEnglish,.(用現在分詞短語作狀語改寫)(讀后續寫之片段描寫)簡氣呼呼地走進森林,卻發現自己認不清方向。更糟糕的是,天突然下起了大雨,使她更難找到離開這片陌生森林的路。Janestampedherfeetintotheforestangrily,shecouldn’tidentifydirection.Worsestill,itrainedheavilysuddenly,.sb/sthbe＋過去分詞＋todo...Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months,theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostsevereepidemicinhistory.在18個月內造成5000萬人死亡之后,西班牙流感被認為是歷史上最嚴重的流行病。句中的“sb/sthbe＋過去分詞＋todo...”可與“Itis＋過去分詞＋that...”這個句型相互轉換,根據具體情況,不定式可用一般式、進行式或完成式。Primatemammalswerebelieved__________(be)human’scloserelativesbymanyscientists.ThomasEdisonwasconsidered__________(invent)thebulb,whichbenefitspeoplegreatly.Itissaidthatcarbondioxideisheatingtheearthtwiceasquicklyaspreviouslyfeared.→Carbondioxidetheearthtwiceasquicklyaspreviouslyfeared.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.(2022·新高考全國Ⅱ)參與者被隨機分成兩組。Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared.(2021·浙江1月)它是用一個人的體重(單位kg)除以身高的平方(單位m)計算的。Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactorslikegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.(2021·全國甲)我們看得越多,就越能看到像性別、種族和階級這樣的社會因素并不決定天才的出現。Artproductsdifferfrommostothercommercialproductsbecausetheyhavebothcommercialandculturalvalues.(2021·天津)藝術產品不同于大多數其他的商業產品,因為它們兼具商業價值和文化價值。Youcantalktoanotherdoctorifthetreatmentsdon’twork.(2020·新高考全國Ⅱ)如果治療不起作用,你可以和另一個醫生談談。Therewillstillbelotsofchallengesifwearetoclassifygarbageinashorttime.(2020·江蘇)如果我們要在短時間內對垃圾進行分類,仍然會有很多挑戰。Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.(2020·天津)他拿出一個特殊的裝置,把它指向嫌疑人,然后打開。Aftersharingthestoryonline,Iheardfromsomeone,whoidentifiedtheladyasErinSmith.(2019·天津)上網發帖之后,我從一個人那里得到消息,這個人認出了那位女士,她是ErinSmith。提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙nerveA.n.神經B.n.勇氣C.vt.鼓足勇氣Inervedmyselftofacemyaccusers.Asensitivenerveinatoothcancausegreatpain.You’llneedplentyofnervetositbesidehimwhenheisdriving.poseA.n.(為畫像、拍照等擺的)姿勢B.vi.擺好姿勢C.vt.造成(威脅、問題等)D.vt.擺放Sherearrangedherselfinanotherpose.Pollutionposesathreattotheexistenceofthisspecies.Theartistposedhismodelcarefully.Pleasesitstillwhileyouposeforyourphoto.快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的意思。Doeseachcupcontainthesameamountofmilk？Wecannotcalculateonhishelpbecauseheisnotreliable.Wesampledaselectionofdifferentbottledwaters.IgotupearlytocatchthetrainthatwasboundforShanghai.Asyouknow,IburymyselfinbooksattheschoolIamsofamiliarwith.核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識TheliteraryworkADreaminRedMansionscontains120chapters,__________(include)40chapterswrittenbyGao’E.Thegovernmentadvocatesclassifyingrubbish__________fourcategories:recyclablewaste,unrecyclablewaste,harmfulwasteandotherwaste.Whilethemajorityofthestudentsagreetopullthecurtainaside,othersare__________(oppose)toit.__________(bury)inwritingasciencefiction,shedidn’trealizeitbegantorainoutside.ItstruckmethatIcouldtreatthegirl__________anabsorbingdramainreturnforherhelp.Somestudentsdorealizetheyareblessed__________theopportunitytostudyinthebrightandspaciousclassrooms,however,otherstakeitforgranted.Isuspecttheso-calledpoet__________copyingothers’poemsbutIhavenosolidevidence.Inspiteoftheicycoldweather,mymotheristhefirst__________(get)uptopreparebreakfast.Thescholar,whoissaid__________(graduate)fromCambridgeUniversity,willgiveusalectureaboutEnglishpoetry.Feelingthe__________(depress)atmosphereintheroom,myneighbourcomfortedmebypattingmeontheshoulder.單句寫作——應用文增分練(2020·北京——向外國朋友提出京津滬之旅的建議)北京應該是第一座要參觀的城市。(thefirst...todo...)這座城市有無數的傳統建筑,使它成為中國古代建筑之都。(現在分詞短語作結果狀語)雖然天津沒有北京和上海那樣出名,但它對游客有特別的吸引力。(while引導的讓步狀語從句)由于其高度發達的經濟,上海被認為是中國最現代化的城市之一。(sthbebelievedtobe...)隨著雨季的臨近,我堅持認為你應該帶把傘以防萬一。(with的復合結構;insistthat賓語從句中的虛擬語氣)微型寫作——續寫提能練[教材續寫語料]情感描寫provokevt.激起,挑起nerven.神經;勇氣opposedadj.反對某事物blessingn.福氣,幸運動作描寫containvt.裝有;包含;克制buryvt.安葬;埋藏abusevt.虐待;傷害;辱罵n.虐待posevt.造成,引起,產生(問題、危險、困難等)n.(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)姿勢,姿態環境描寫paralleladj.平行的;相似的zonen.地區,區域[續寫語料運用]請從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯完成以下語段。然后核對答案并背誦該語段。我父親從來不知道如何控制自己。一天,我沿著河邊溜達著回家,這和我經常走的那條路平行。我父親大聲罵我。我不知道我怎么激起了他的怒火,也不知道是什么動了他的神經。我把臉埋進手里,開始嚎啕大哭。后來,我被告知,幾天前有一個孩子在那條河里淹死了。我終于明白了父親為什么反對我靠近河邊,這會對我造成危險。我有這樣一位嚴厲卻深愛我的父親是多么有福氣啊！Myfatherneverknew.Oneday,Istrolledhomealongariver,whichIusedtowalk.Myfather.Ididn’tknowhowIandwhat,Ibegantocrymyeyesout.Later,Iwastoldthatachildgotdrownedintheriverseveraldaysbeforethat.Ifinallyunderstoodwhymyfather,whichwould.Ihavesuchatoughbutlovingfather!詞形變化填空(每小題2分,共14分)WhatimpressesusisMrWang’songoingtochasehisdreams.Heisalways__________ofachievinghisgoals.(capable)Whenyouareaskedto__________somethingfromthetext,youmustmake__________accordingtothepassageyoureadinsteadofyourimagination！(infer)Youwillneedto__________howmuchtimetheassignmentwilltakeandmakearough__________.(calculate)Don’t__________everythingyouhavewithothers,foryouwillfeelyourlifelesssatisfactoryby__________.(compare)Theinjuredman__________nowbythemostskilfuldoctors,soheislikelytocometolifesoonafterthe__________.(treat)Basedon__________data,Ican__________describetheprojectandinotherwords,my__________reliesonrelevantdata.(accurate)The__________wasinterestedinthesubject—__________andvarious__________phenomenaattractedhisattention.(physical)Hopingtocalmour__________,wedecidedtospendtheafternoonatthelake.However,theideaoftakingthesameboatwiththebossmademe__________.(nerve)Ididn’texpecttoreceive__________frommywife,butthistimeshewas__________tomyproposals