大學英語四級考試2021年12月真題（第一套）PartIDirections:Supposeyouruniversitystudentunionisplanningtoholdaspeechcontest.Youarenowtowriteaproposalfororganizingthecontest.Theproposalmayincludethetopic,aim,procedureandselectionofDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthB)IthasoneofitscargoplaneslandingatC)ItsenttwodogstothewrD)Ithadtwoofitsdomestic?ightsmixedup.2.A)CorrecttheirmistakeassoC)Hireacharterjettobringthepetsback.B)GivetwopetsaphysicalcheD)Sendanotherplanetoc5.A)ItenjoyedgreaB)Itstartedbusinessthr6.A)ExpandhisbusinessoB)ReplacetherestauranB)ShetookittotheresC)ItwasfrequentedbyneD)ItwasbuiltaboveC)Postapictureofhisrestaurantonline.D)CelebratehissilverweddinganniverDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.8.A)ThenumberofduckshasdeclinedsharplyinrecentyB)Climatechangehaslittlee?ectonthelivesofwildduC)DuckmeatisnoteateninAustralia,CD)Duckhuntingremainslegalinmanypartsoftheworld.C)ItisnotenvironmB)TheirmeatisnotthatpD)ItisnotconsideredcosB)TheykilledwilddD)TheypoisonedwildducksinlaQuestions12to15are12.A)Haveherhouserepainted.B)Replacesomeofheroldfurniture.D)Calculatethecostofthepaintjob.13.A)Howlongtheworkwilltake.C)B)Howmuchtheworkwillcost.D)HowmanyworkersareneeB)Asksomefriendsforhelp.D)Oversee15.A)ShecouldhaveaskedafriendfB)PaintingahouseinvolvesmoretroublethanshethouC)SheshouldhaverepaintedherD)Movingherfurnitureisharderthanthepaintjob.Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthece17.A)DiscusstheiracademB)CreateanidealstudC)AllowthemtolearnindeD)ChecktheirhomeworkpromD)FocusonthemostimpQuestions19to21arebasedo21.A)O?erthemmuchfatterbB)ImproveworkingenvironC)EncouragehealthybeQuestions22to25arebasedont22.A)Ithasnotdoneenoughtohelpleft-handedchB)Ithastreatedleft-handedchildrenasbeingdisabC)IthasnotbuiltfacilitiesspeciallyfortD)Ithasignoredcampaignsonbehalfoftheleft-handed.23.A)Theyareasintelligentasotherchildren.B)Theyhaveadistinctivestyleofhandwriting.D)Theytendtohavemor24.A)Punishteachersdiscriminatingagainstleft-handedstB)Laymoreemphasisonimprovingchildren’C)EncouragestudentstodevelopvariousprofessionalD)Keeptrackofleft-handedchildren’sschoolperformance.25.A)Howtheycanbereducedinnumber.C)B)Whytheirnumbersaresohigh.D)Iftheirpercentagekeepsincreasing.Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselecfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidenti?edbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinmorethanonce.Manypeoplebelievethatpassionandcommitmentarethefoundationsofstrongromanticrelationships.Butarelationshipismadeoftwo26lackcanoftenmakeareparticular—humility(謙遜)—isanimportantindicatorofsuccessfulrelationships.Humilitycansometimesbe29withalackofcon?dence.Butresearchershavecometorealizethhumblegenerallyindicatesthe30ofdeeplyadmirablepersonalqualities.Beinghumblemeansyouhavetheabilitytoaccurately31yourde?ciencieswithoutdenyingyourskillsandstrengthsviewofone’sownadvantagesandshortcomings.Humblepeoplorde?ciencies.Theycan33mistakes,seevalueinthingsthatarefarfromperfectandidentifyareasforPerhapsitisnot34,then,thathumilitypeopletendtoratethisquality35intlikelytoinitiatearomanticrelationship,perhapsbecausetheyarelesssomeoneelse.Thus,ahumblepartnermightbeyouridealpartnN)thoroughlyDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.A)“Iusedtoworkveryhard.IlovetocreatethingsappdeveloperinSanFrancisco.“Idstrike.”B)Ms.Lisaidherstressledtosleeplwassobusycaringforotherpeopletendtocomplainmorethanmen,despitethegrowiaretwiceaslikelytoJournalofBrain&Behavior.TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationreportsagendergapyeshowingthatwomenconsistentlyreporthigherstresslevtherapistinLosAngeles.“It’sbeenwelldocumentedinextensiveresearchovertheyearsthatprevalenceratesforthemajorityoftheanxietydisorthisismerelyreporteddata,andtheysaymanymenfeelthesamepressuresasresponsibilitiesatworkandhome.Inotherwords,we’realE)“Thedifference,however,isinthenatureandscopeoftheseresponsibilitiesinthehomeenvironmentinparticular,”Dr.Joycesaid.Forexample,theUnitedNationsreportedthatwomendonearlytmuchunpaiddomesticworkasmen.Theproblemis,houseworkisoftenovtheunpaidnatureofdomesticworkreinforcestheassumptionthat“houseworkisnotwork,thuswomenfromstrugglingagainstit.”F)It’snotjustinsidethehome,though.ResearchfromNovaSoutheasternUniversityfoundthatfemalemanagersweremorelikelythanmalemanagerstodisplay“surfaceacting,”orforwhollyfelt.“Theyexpressedoptimism,calmnessandsympathyevtheywereactuallyfeG)Surfaceactingisaprimeexampleof“emotionallabor,”aconceptthatthewriterJessZimmermanmadefamiliarina2015essay.TheessaysparkedamassivethreadontheinternetcommunityblogMetaFilter.Hundredsofwomenspokeupabouttheirownexperiencewithemotionallabor:thedutiesthaofthem,butgounnoticed.Theseinvisibledutiesbecomeapparentonlywhenyoudon’tdothem.Likedomesticlabor,emotionallaborisgenerallydismissedandnotlabeledwork.Butresearchshowsitcanbejustasexhaustingaspaidwork.Emotionallaborcanleadtodi?cultyinsleepingandfamilycon?ict.Sure,circumstantialstress,likelosingajob,mayleadtothesesameissues.Butemotionallaborisnotcircumstantial.It’sanenduringresponsibilitybasedonthesocializedgenderroleofwomen.ideal.“Someprofessionalwomenaimtodoitall.Theywanttoreachthetopofthlikesupermom,”shesaid.Whenwomendonherownstrugglewiththis,Ms.Liappandplatformforoverworkedwomen.“TherealizationsIhadinthatprocesshelpedultimatelygotmereadytointegrateself-careiI)Thestressproblemextendsbeyondmentalhealthwhenyouconsiderthelinkbetweenstress,anxietyandhearthealth.Worse,mostofwhatweknowaboutheartdiseasecomesfromstudiesinvolvingmen.However,“therearemanyreasonstothinkthatit’sdi?erentinwomen,”HarvardMedicalSchwomenaremorelikelytoexperiencedisturbedsleep,anxietyandunusualfatiguebeforeaheartatissonormalizedthatitiseasyforwomentoshrugo?thosesymptomsassimplytheconsequencesofstrManywomenalsodonotexperiencechestpainbeforeaheartattackthewaymendo,whichleadstofewerwomendiscoveringproblematicheartissues.Harvardreportsthatwomenare“muchmorelikelythanmentodiewithinayearofhavingaheartattack”and“manywomensaytheirprecognizethesymptoms.”J)Thegoodnewsis,womenaremorelikelythanmentotakechargePsychologicalAssociationreports.Theconceptofself-care,atitscore,isquitesimple.“Thebasicsofadequatesleep,healthydietandexerciseareagoodplacetostart,”Dr.Joycesairelationshipisvital.Thisincludesprofessionalsupportfromvarioushealthandwellnessprovidersifbecomingincreasinglyoverwhelming.”K)Disconnectingfromworkadone.Itisimportanttounderstandwhatcausesyourstressinthe?rstpstressingyouout,”Ms.Lisaid.“Wecantakemanydi?erentforms.Isacolleaguebeiday-to-daycontrolovekindsofself-care.”L)Ideally,yourspouseorpartnerwillbesupportive,ratherthandismissive,ofyouthroughtheseissuesbeforetheycometoahead.“Womenworkingoutstohaveaconsciousconversationwiththeirpartnersaboresponsibilities,”Dr36.Somecareerwomenwhoaimhightendtofeelguiltyiftheyf37.Theunpaidhouseworkdonebywomenistriplet38.Itisreportedthatwomenconsistentlysu?ermo39.Womenareadvisedtoidentif40.Onestudyshowedthatwomenmanagersoftenexpressedpositive41.Womentendtomistakesignsofheartattacksforsymptomsofstress.42.ForatimeanappdeveloperinAmericawassobusyattendingtoworkandfa43.Theemotionallaborwomendoisnoticedo44.Dr.Joycesuggeststhatapartfromself-care,womenshouldseekprofessionalsupportiftheyexperience45.SomepeoplebelievethattheremaynotexistastressgapbDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughQuestions46to50arAsmanyofficeworkersadapttoremotework,citiesmayundergofundamentalchangeifofficesremainunder-utilized.Whowillbene?tifworkingfromhomebecomesthenorm?Employersarguetheymakeconsiderablesavingsonrealestatewhenworkersshiftfromofficetohomework.However,thesesavingsresultfrompassingcostsonUnlessemployeesarefullycompensated,thiscouldbecomeavariantofparasitic(寄生的)capitalism,wherebycorporateprofitsincreasinglyrelyonextractingvaluefromthepublic—andnowpersonal—realm,ratherthanongeneratingnewvaluThoughemployersarebackedbyachorusofremoteworkadvocates,othersnotetheloneliness,reducedproductivityandine?cienciesofextendedremotework.Ifworkingfromhomebecomespermanent,employeeswillhavetodedicatepartoftheirprivatespacetowork.Thisrequirespurchasingdesks,chairsando?ceequiItalsomeanshavingprivatespacededicatedtowork:thespacemustbeheated,cleaned,maipaidfor.Thatdependsonmanythings,butforpurposesofillustraTheexerciseissimplebutimportant,sinceitbringsthesecostsoutoftherealmofspeculationintotherealmofmeaningfuldiscussion.RoughcalculationsshowthatthesavingsmadebyemployerswhentheirstaffworksfromhomeareofsimilarvaluetothecompensationworkersshouldreceivefoWhatdoesthismeanforo?cesincitiesemployees.Thiswouldbeaformofexpropriation(侵占),withemployeesabsorbingproductiotraditionallybeenpaidbytheemployer.ThisrepresentsaconsiderabletransferofvaluefromemployeestoWhenemployeesareproperlycompensated,employers’realestatesavingswillbemodest.Ifsavingsaremodest,thenthemanyadvantagesofworkingino?ces—suchaslivelyatmosphere,rapidityofcommunication,team-buildingandacclimatizatioofremoteworkand,likeYahooin20146.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutwoA)ItwillbecomethenormsooneroB)ItrequiresemployeestoadaptpromC)Itbene?tsemployersattheexpenseofemployees.D)Itwillforcecitiestotransformtheirinfrastruc47.WhydosomepeopleopposeworkingfroA)Itdiscouragesteamspirit.B)Itinvadesemployees’privacy.D)Itnegativelyim48.WhydidtheauthorruntheestimatesforMoA)ToprovideconvincingB)ToillustratetheongoingchangC)ToshowtheimpactofremoteworkingonproducD)Toexemplifyhowremoteworki49.WhatcanweconcludefromtheauthA)Thereisnopointintransferringo?ceworktoworkingfroB)Employeescanbene?tasmuchfromremoteworkingastheiC)Employers’gainfromremoteworkingshouldgD)E?ectivemeasuresshouldbetakentomotivateemployeesto50.Whatistheauthor’sopiA)Itshouldbeavoidedifpossible.C)Itcanreducecompanies’rQuestions51to55arThehumanthirstforknowledgeisthedrivingfoWhilepinningdownade?nitionhasproventricky,Curiositycoverssuchalargesetofbehaviorsthahumanswonderaboutandexploretheirenvironment.Thatsaidandtheenvironmentinteractinmanycomplexwaystoshapeindividualsandguidetheirbehavior,includingRegardlessoftheirgeneticmakeup,infantshavetolearnanincredibleamountofinformationinashorttime,andcuriosityisoneofthetoolshumanshavefoundtoaccomplishthatgigantictasHundredsofstudiesshowthatinfantsprefernovelty.It’swhatmotivatesnon-humaandprobablyhumanadultstoexploreandseekoutnewthingsbeforegrowinglessinterestedinthemafterInsomesituations,thestakesarelowandfailureisahealthypartofgrowth.Forinstance,manybabiesareperfectlypro?cien