




版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內容提供方,若內容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領
文檔簡介
IntroductionIn
March
of
this
year,
Luminate’s
data
revealed
that
the
global
music
industry
surpassedONE
TRILLION
streams
atthefastest
pace
yet
from
thestart
ofa
calendar
year
—takingonlythree
months.Thatmilestone
wasreached
a
fullmonthearlierin2023thanitwasin2022.Ourdataalso
revealed
thatphysical
saleswere
upacross
allformats
inQ1andthatISRCs
(tracks)
were
beingcreated
anduploadedathighervolumes
andpace
thaninprevious
years.
Inthefollowing
report,
we
explore
these
trends
andhowthey
are
de?ningthestate
ofthemusicindustry
inthe?rst
halfof2023.Asalways,
we
hopeour?ndingsare
bothinformative
andenlightening.
Luminateiscommitted
to
beinga
trusted,
objective
andaccurate
datasource
re?ecting
andserving
theentertainment
industry
at-large,
helpingto
bridgegapsinany
businessplanning.
TheCharts
includedinthisreport
are
presented
by
Billboard,
Luminate’sexclusive
chart
partner
for
more
thanthree
decades.A
B
O
U
T
L
U
M
I
N
AT
ELuminate
isthepreeminent
entertainment
dataandinsightscompany,unleashingaccess
to
themostessential,
objective,
andtrustworthy
informationacross
music,
?lm,television,
gaming,
short-form
videoandmore.
Luminate’sdatabases
house
information
compiled
from
over
500veri?ed
sources,managingmore
than20trilliondatapoints.Bands,Locals,TheBrands
&Lyrics
&Impacts
ofNew
TracksSuper
Fans
LanguageNow
more
thanever,
fans
holdthepower
ofin?uence
—
shapingtheways
theirfavoriteartists
make,
market
andrelease
music.Andwhileourdatashows
thatcollectable-loving
superfans
are
stilla
signi?cant
part
oftheyears-long
vinyl
salesgrowth
trend,
it’sThe?ndingsofthisreport
further
dive
intothebehaviors
ofthese
superfans,
whoaccount
for
15%ofthegeneral
populationofmusiclisteners
13+intheU.S.,
andhow
theyare
in?uencingtheevolution
ofmusicandartists’
relationships
withtheirlisteners.
A
fewsigni?cant
to
note
thatthegrowth
inDirect-to-
insightsrevealed
by
thereport
includetheConsumer(D2C)
salesofmusicfrom
artists’stores
are
up+20%so
far
thisyear,
withD2Cvinyl
salesupover
+25%.Thisstatonlyhighlightstheever-increasing
power
ofthesuperfan.fact
thatphysical
musicbuyers,
peoplewhopurchase
CDs,cassettes,
orvinyl,
are
morethan2xaslikely
(+128%)to
bemusicsuperfans.
They
also
spendmore
than80%moremoney
onmusiceachmonththantheaveragemusiclistener.Whatisa
superfan?
For
thepurposes
ofthisreport,
Luminate’s
research
methodologyde?nesa
“superfan”
asa
musiclistener
aged13+whoengageswithanartist
andtheircontent
inmultipleways,
from
streaming
tosocial
mediato
purchasing
physical
musicormerch
items
to
attending
live
shows.
MoreUnderstanding
these
consumer
behaviorsandevaluating
theminthecontext
ofourengagementdatafuelstheuseful
insightofthisreport
andhopefully,
makes
ita
valuabletool
for
industry
expertsmakinga
widerangeofbusinessdecisions;from
how
to
price
vinylspeci?cally,
thesuperfans
whowere
identi?ed
to
whichartist/brand
partnerships
are
mostinthestudiesreferenced
inthisreport
wereparticipants
thatself-reported
engagingwiththeirfavoriteartists
in5+ways.valuable
andeverything
inbetween.Bands,Locals,TheBrands
&Lyrics
&Impacts
ofNew
TracksSuper
Fans
LanguageIt’snosecret
thatnon-Englishlanguagemusic
The?rst
halfof2023hasseenCountry
gohasgrown
inpopularity,
bothintheU.S.
andgloballyover
thepastten
years,
especiallywithintheLatin
andK-Pop
genres,
bothofwhichhave
bothseen
unprecedentedsalesandstreaming
growth.
Buthow
manymusiclisteners
are
actuallyengagingwiththatcontent?According
to
Luminate’sMusic
360
research
datafrom
Q22023,40%ofU.S.
listeners
listen
to
musicina
languageotherthanEnglish.Spanish,French,
Korean,Japanese,
Italian,German,andArabic,
inthatorder,
are
themostpopularmusiclanguagesamongU.S.
musiclisteners.global.InMarch,
Luminate
reported
thatCountry
musichaditsbiggeststreaming
weekever
with2.22billionU.S.
On-Demandaudio(ODA)
streams,
partially
dueto
therelease
ofMorgan
Wallen’s
One
Thing
at
a
Time,
whichdelivered
over
20%ofthegenre’s
streamsduringitsrelease
week.Thegenre
reachedanew
hightheweek
ending6/1/23with2.26BU.S.
ODA
streams.Simultaneously,
we’re
seeing
Countrystreaming
boomacross
multipleinternationalmarkets.
Philippines,Indonesia,India,Brazil,Mexico,
Germany,
andVietnam,
noneofwhichare
primarilyEnglish-speakingterritories,are
allTo
p
10markets
forCountry
musicconsumption
inthe?rst
halfof2023.Thisreport
breaks
out
these
numbersand
providesanalysisonthedemographics
oflistenersacross
thegenres
andtheglobebringingthese
new
trends
into
focus.Boundariescontinue
to
bebroken
acrosslanguageandgeography
inthisdigitally-driven
era.
Anotherexample
isvisibleinCountry.
TheCountry
genre
hashistoricallybeenconsumed
by
EnglishspeakingAmericans.Bands,Locals,TheBrands
&Lyrics
&Impacts
ofNew
TracksSuper
Fans
LanguageInMay,
Luminate
revealed
thatinQ1of2023anaverage
of120KISRCs
(newtracks
registered
toa
uniquenumber)
wereuploadedto
thestreaming
platformseveryday,
representinga
28%increase
over
2022’swholeyear
average
of93.4KISRC’s
perday.Whenwe
includetheQ22023activity,
ourdailyaverage
isnow
112Ksongs.Ghostwriter,
wasproduced
withtheuse
ofAI,whichgenerate
soundalike
vocals
thatemulated
theartists
Drake
andTheWeeknd.Thesong,
whichinitiallytook
o?intheU.S.,spread
quicklyto
othermarkets
andreceivedmore
than30Kstreams
perday
ina
two-week
periodfrom
Australia,
Canada,GermanyandtheUnited
Kingdomalone—
forcingthemusicindustry
to
consider
AI’spotentialglobalimpact.Inthisreport
we
breakdown
how
manyofthose
ISRCs
come
from
majorlabeldistributionvs.therest
oftheindustry.
Wealso
know
thisconversation
needsto
includetheAIofitall,especiallyasintelligent
toolsincrease
thespeedwithwhichmusiccan
bemadeandreleased.
Oneofthisyear’s
mostinfamous
songs,“Heart
onMySleeve”
byBeyond
thedeepfake
hitsthisreport
alsoexamines
theincreasing
demandfor
moodmusic,
whichcreators
usingAIcan
producemore
easily,
andhow
audiences’
behaviorstiedto
moodandmusicare
changing.+
1
2
/
3
0
/
2
2
-
6
/
2
9
/
2
3
(
A
S
C
O
M
PA
R
E
D
TO
1
2
/
3
1
/
2
1
-
6
/
3
0
/
2
2
)*
S
E
A
(
S
T
R
E
A
M
-
E
Q
U
I
VA
L
E
N
T
A
L
B
U
M
S
)
:
1
2
5
0
P
R
E
M
I
U
M
S
T
R
E
A
M
S
=
O
N
E
A
L
B
U
M
/
/
3
7
5
0
A
D
-
S
U
P
P
O
R
T
E
DS
T
R
E
A
M
S
=
O
N
E
A
L
B
U
M
;
T
E
A
(
T
R
AC
K-
E
Q
U
I
VA
L
E
N
T
A
L
B
U
M
S
)
:
1
0
D
I
G
I
TA
L
T
R
AC
K
S
=
O
N
E
A
L
B
U
M*
*
C
ATA
LO
G
=
1
8
M
O
N
T
H
S
O
R
O
L
D
E
R
A
N
D
H
AV
E
FA
L
L
E
N
B
E
LO
W
N
O.
1
0
0
O
N
T
H
E
B
I
L
L
B
OA
R
D
2
0
0
C
H
A
R
T
A
N
DD
O
N
’
T
H
AV
E
A
S
I
N
G
L
E
F
R
O
M
T
H
E
A
L
B
U
M
T
H
AT
I
S
C
U
R
R
E
N
T
O
N
A
N
Y
O
F
B
I
L
L
B
OA
R
D
’
S
R
A
D
I
O
A
I
R
P
L
AY
C
H
A
R
T
SO
N
-
D
E
M
A
N
D
V
I
D
E
O
S
O
N
G
S
T
R
E
A
M
I
N
G
I
N
C
LU
D
E
S
O
F
F
I
C
I
A
L
,
S
O
N
G
U
G
C
A
N
D
N
O
N
-
S
O
N
G
U
G
CTOTA
L
S
A
L
E
SV
I
N
Y
LC
D4.4M
2.6M
1.7M
62KC
A
S
S
E
T
T
E+20%+26%+15%-14.6%YOY
%
C
H
A
N
G
EYOY
%
C
H
A
N
G
EYOY
%
C
H
A
N
G
EYOY
%
C
H
A
N
G
E1.4%16.5%5.6%9.6%44.6%38.3%60.3%10.9%12.8%D2C
Vinyl
and
CD
Share
of
Category
SalesGrow
Slightly
Over
This
Period
Last
Year%
of
U.S.
Category
Sales
That
Are
D2C20222023TaylorSwiftM
I
C
H
A
E
LB
U
C
K
N
E
R40%30%20%10%0%36.2%29.2%11.2%10.8%9.5%8.6%CassetteVinylCDThoughcategoryshare
isdownsince
2022,1
in
9
U.S.
vinylalbum
sales
arevia
Direct-to-Consumer
(ex.O?cial
artistwebstore)nearly30%
ofU.S.
cassettesales
are
viaD2C62.5%
37.5%52.6%
47.4%77.8%
22.2%75.6%
24.4%J
O
NS
W
E
E
TS
U
P
E
R
FA
N
SUnderstanding
Super
Fans#3#1
#2SocialSignalingTheCommunityExpressionsof
IdentitySuper
fans
are
+43%Super
fans
are
+54%more
likely
to
be
“the?rst
among
their
friendsto
discover
new
musicand
artists”Super
fans
are
+59%more
likely
to
say
they“like
to
participate
in
thecommunity
or
fandom”that
speci?c
artistsprovidemore
likely
to
say
they“would
like
to
connectwith
artists
on
a
morepersonal
level”A
L
L
F
I
G
U
R
E
S
C
I
T
E
D
O
N
T
H
I
S
S
L
I
D
E
A
R
E
R
E
L
AT
I
V
E
TO
T
H
E
AV
E
R
AG
E
M
U
S
I
C
L
I
S
T
E
N
E
R*
S
U
P
E
R
FA
N
S
A
R
E
T
H
O
S
E
W
H
O
E
N
G
AG
E
W/
A
R
T
I
S
T
S
A
N
D
T
H
E
I
R
C
O
N
T
E
N
T
I
N
5
+
D
I
F
F
E
R
E
N
T
WAY
S.oftheGeneral15%S
O
U
R
C
E
:
LU
M
I
N
AT
E
I
N
S
I
G
H
T
S
U
S
M
U
S
I
C
3
6
0
WAV
E
2
6
/
2
0
2
3Population
a
reSuperFans*
S
U
P
E
R
FA
N
S
A
R
E
T
H
O
S
E
W
H
O
E
N
G
AG
E
W/
A
R
T
I
S
T
S
A
N
D
T
H
E
I
R
C
O
N
T
E
N
T
I
N
5
+
D
I
F
F
E
R
E
N
T
WAY
S.Super
Fa
n
Snapshots+80%
+128%
+22%Super
fans
spend
+80%more
money
on
musiceach
month
than
thePhysical
music
buyers(Vinyl/CDs/Cassettes)are
more
than
2x
as
likely(+128%)
to
be
musicSuper
FansU.S.
Millennial
music
listenersspend
+22%more
and
Gen
Zmusic
listeners
spend
+13%more
on
monthly
musicaverage
U.S.
music
listenercategories
compared
to
theaverage
U.S.
music
listener*
S
U
P
E
R
FA
N
S
A
R
E
T
H
O
S
E
W
H
OE
N
G
AG
E
W/
A
R
T
I
S
T
S
A
N
D
T
H
E
I
RC
O
N
T
E
N
T
I
N
5
+
D
I
F
F
E
R
E
N
T
WAY
S.S
O
U
R
C
E
:
LU
M
I
N
AT
E
I
N
S
I
G
H
T
S
U
SM
U
S
I
C
3
6
0
WAV
E
2
6
/
2
0
2
3Super
Fa
n
Snapshots+75%
+121%
+63%K-Pop
fans
spend
+75%more
money
on
musiccategories
per
monththan
the
average
U.S.music
listenerAfropop/beats
fansspend
+121%moremoney
on
musicEDM
fans
spend
+63%more
money
on
musiccategories
per
monththan
the
average
U.S.music
listenercategories
per
monththan
the
average
U.S.music
listener*
S
U
P
E
R
FA
N
S
A
R
E
T
H
O
S
E
W
H
OE
N
G
AG
E
W/
A
R
T
I
S
T
S
A
N
D
T
H
E
I
RC
O
N
T
E
N
T
I
N
5
+
D
I
F
F
E
R
E
N
T
WAY
S.S
O
U
R
C
E
:
LU
M
I
N
AT
E
I
N
S
I
G
H
T
S
U
SM
U
S
I
C
3
6
0
WAV
E
2
6
/
2
0
2
3275K2.1M6.3M17.6M+4.2%OV
E
R
1
H
2
0
2
215.1M-3.4%OV
E
R
1
H
2
0
2
2*MUSIC
SPENDINDICESREFLECT
A
COMPARISONTO
MUSIC
LISTENERSSOURCE:
LUMINATE*INSIGHTS
US
MUSIC
360WAVE
2
6/2023$29.40
$25.80
$19.60’80sDecades
ListenersBoomersJazz
FansOptimumVinyl
PriceOptimumVinyl
PriceOptimumVinyl
PriceS
O
U
R
C
E
:
LU
M
I
N
AT
EI
N
S
I
G
H
T
S
A
R
T
I
S
T
&
G
E
N
R
ET
R
AC
K
E
R
WAV
E
8
2
0
2
3Beyoncé’s
Renaissance
World
TourKicko?
inStockholm
onMay
10drove
Globalinterest
withthequickest
streaming
grow
th
inS.
America,
Europe
andN.AmericaCHGGROWTH34.7%48.7%65.8%12.1%24.5%25.5%B
E
YO
N
C
é
:
C
H
R
I
S
TO
P
H
E
R
P
O
L
KS
O
U
R
C
E
:
DA
I
LY
LU
M
I
N
AT
E
C
O
U
N
T
RY-
L
E
V
E
L
DATA$37$33$26
$26$25Top
Languagesfor
U.
S.
MusicListeningS
O
U
R
C
E
:
LU
M
I
N
AT
E
I
N
S
I
G
H
T
S
U
S
M
U
S
I
C
3
6
0
WAV
E
2
6
/
2
0
2
3SW
I
T
Z
E
R
L
A
N
DU
N
I
T
E
D
S
TAT
E
SPO
RT
U
G
A
LI
N
D
O
N
E
S
I
AG
LO
BA
LSO
U
T
H
A
F
R
I
CAC
O
LO
M
B
I
AStreaming
Grow
th
Rate
by
Regions
Outside
of
U.
S.
and
CanadaAsia+107%inTotal
On-Demand(Audio
+
Video)
Streams
Over
ThisPeriod
Last
Year57%EuropeYOY
GROWTH
RATE107%AsiaYOY
GROWTH
RATE70%L
ATAM55%Australia
&83%S.
Africa
RegionYOY
GROWTH
RATENew
ZealandYOY
GROWTH
RATEYOY
GROWTH
RATES
O
U
R
C
E
:
LU
M
I
N
AT
E
C
O
U
N
T
RY-
L
E
V
E
L
DATAMorganWallenBaileyZimmermanZ
I
M
M
E
R
M
A
N
:
S
E
B
R
O
N
S
N
Y
D
E
R
F
O
R
P
M
CS
O
U
R
C
E
:
LU
M
I
N
AT
E
I
N
S
I
G
H
T
S
A
R
T
I
S
T
&
G
E
N
R
E
T
R
AC
K
E
R
WAV
E
8
6
/
2
32.3B1.1B868.7M603.3M499.3M465.8M374.2M310.7M244.8MDistribution
of
Listeners
in
the
U.S.(Darker
Colors
Indicate
Greater
Listener
Proportions)Eslabon
ArmadoN
O
LW
E
N
C
I
F
U
E
N
T
E
S
F
O
R
B
I
L
L
B
OA
R
DDistribution
of
Listeners
in
the
U.S.(Darker
Colors
Indicate
Greater
Listener
Proportions)B
R
I
A
N
F
R
I
E
D
M
A
N
F
O
R
B
I
L
L
B
OA
R
DDistribution
of
Listeners
in
the
U.S.(Darker
Colors
Indicate
Greater
Listener
Proportions)96.7%To
p
AlbumsTo
p
AlbumsTotal
Sales
(Physical&
Digital)Album
sales
+
TEA
+
On-Demand
SEA*TotalAlbum-EquivalentOn-DemandAudioOn-DemandVideoAlbumSalesSongSalesArtistTitleArtistTitleSalesConsumptionStreamsStreamsOne
Thingat
a
Time123456789Morgan
WallenSZA3.312
million1.982
million1.876
million1.173
million1.038
million0.967
million0.898
million0.769
million0.716
million0.711
million242,000
456,000
3.857billion166.5million124.6million51.1million123456789Taylor
SwiftMidnights607,000399,000327,000286,000242,000236,000215,000200,000196,000194,000SOS77,000103,000
2.489billionTOMORROW
X
TOGETHERStray
KidsThe
Name
Chapter:
TEMPTATIONTaylor
SwiftMorgan
WallenMetro
BoominBad
BunnyMidnights607,000
265,000
1.614billion5-StarDangerous:The
DoubleAlbum37,00039,00021,00016,00054,00019,000123,000
1.461million
97.2millionTWICEReady
to
BeHeroes
&Villains64,00041,00032,0001.323billion1.240billion1.158billion39.7million89.1million50.4million33.3million136.8million20.3millionMorgan
WallenSeventeenOne
Thing
at
a
TimeSeventeen
10th
Mini
Album
“FML“72
SeasonsUn
VeranoSin
TiDrake,
21
SavageZach
BryanKarol
GHer
LossMetallicaAmerican110,000
0.916billionAgust
D
(Suga
of
BTS)Jimin
(BTS)D-DayHeartbreakManana48,0000.867billion0.751billionFACESera
Bonito10
Taylor
SwiftLover131,000
76,00010
Melanie
MartinezPORTALSTo
p
Digital
Song
ConsumptionTo
p
CD
Album
SalesSongSales
+
On-Demand
SES*ArtistTitleSales123456789TOMORROW
X
TOGETHERStray
KidsThe
Name
Chapter:
TEMPTATION395,000322,000258,000233,000186,000176,000168,000129,000127,000114,000Song
Sales
+SES
On-DemandStreamsOn-DemandAudioOn-DemandVideoArtistSongSong
Sales210,000376,00050,00021,000106,00040,00063,00095,00025,00037,000StreamsStreams5-StarTWICEReady
to
Be123456789Morgan
WallenMiley
CyrusSZA”Last
Night”"Flowers""KillBill"4.861
million4.816
million4.529
million3.200
million2.799
million2.650
million2.624
million2.511
million588.7million464.6million567.6million370.4million266.6million349.8million331.2million302.8million307.4million308.3million54.1million286.1million133.5million210.3million219.8million49.6million24.5million40.6million84.6million22.6millionSeventeenSeventeen
10th
Mini
Album
“FML“Agust
D
(Suga
of
BTS)Taylor
SwiftJimin
(BTS)D-DayMidnightsFACEAteezThe
World
EP.2:OutlawDark
BloodMaxidentENHYPEN10
Stray
Kids"Boy‘sA
Liar,Pt.
2"PinkPantheressTo
p
Vinyl
Album
SalesRema
&
SelenaGomez"CalmDown""DieFor
You"ArtistTitleSalesThe
WeekndZach
BryanTaylor
Swift123456789Taylor
SwiftMidnights251,000132,000107,000104,000103,000100,00093,000Lana
Del
ReyTaylor
SwiftDid
Yo
u
Know
That
There‘s
a
Tunnel
Under
Ocean
Blvd"SomethingInTheOrange"folkloreTyler,
The
CreatorFleetwood
MacboygeniusIGOR"Anti-Hero"RumoursThe
RecordPORTALSThrillerEslabonArmado"EllaBailaSola"
2.450
millionMelanie
MartinezMichael
JacksonPink
Floyd85,000Metro
Boomin,Dark
Side
of
the
MoonBorn
to
Die85,00010
The
Weeknd,"Creepin‘"2.361
million21
Savage10
Lana
Del
Rey84,000To
p
Songs:
On-Demand
Streaming
To
p
Songs:
On-Demand
StreamingAudioVideo**ArtistSongAudio
StreamsArtistwSongVideo
Streams123456789Morgan
WallenSZA"Last
Night""KillBill"588.7
million567.6
million464.6
million370.4
million349.8
million331.2
million308.3
million307.4
million303.3
million302.8
million123456789Lady
Gaga"BloodyMary""Worth
Nothing""SheKnows""First
Step"444.8
million435.3
million410.5
million380.9
million286.1
million282.6
million254.2
million244.5
million233.5
million225.8
millionTWISTEDMiley
Cyrus"Flowers"J.
Cole
feat.
Amber
Co?manHans
ZimmerMiley
CyrusPinkpantheressThe
Weeknd"Boy‘sa
Liar""Diefor
You""SomethingintheOrange""Creepin‘""Flowers"Zach
BryanLil
Nas
X
&
Jack
HarlowFifty
Fifty"Industry
Baby""Cupid"Metro
Boomin,
The
Weeknd
&
21
SavageEslabon
ArmadoMorgan
Wallen"EllaBailaSola""You
Proof"Crystal
CastlesAJR"Transgender""World‘s
SmallestViolin“"Funny
Song"10
Taylor
Swift"Anti-Hero"10
Cavendish
MusicTo
p
Songs:
ProgrammedTo
p
Radio
SongsBased
onAudience
Impressions*Audio
Streams***Programmed
AudioArtistSongAudienceArtistSongStreams123456789Miley
Cyrus"Flowers"2.409
billion2.359
billion1.909
billion1.877
billion1.730
billion1.691
billion1.580
billion
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網頁內容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內容挪作商業或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內容的表現方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內容負責。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內容,請與我們聯系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 通化醫藥健康職業學院《動物微生物學實驗》2023-2024學年第二學期期末試卷
- 2025至2031年中國保溫肌槽行業投資前景及策略咨詢研究報告
- 2025建筑工程項目水電安裝承包合同
- 2025至2030年中國長袋低壓大型脈沖袋式除塵器數據監測研究報告
- 2025至2030年中國視頻手寫演示板數據監測研究報告
- 2025關于水電安裝工程合同
- 2025至2030年中國皮制鑰匙扣數據監測研究報告
- 2025至2030年中國方藥盒數據監測研究報告
- 血糖的管理要求及規范
- 銅仁波紋涵管施工方案
- 我國中學導師制的歷程、現狀及問題分析
- 企業全面戰略管理、年度經營計劃、預算管理、績效管理
- 中國民主同盟入盟申請表(樣表)
- 安全帶檢測報告(共8頁)
- 壁球館施工方案
- 公司erp項目激勵制度
- Excel函數和公式練習
- 國際石油合同講座1018
- 某核電項目機械貫穿件安裝施工管理技術研究
- 基于單片機的接觸器控制器設計
- 50t汽車吊性能表
評論
0/150
提交評論