Unit2Friendship

1/46DiscussionDoyouhavemanyfriends?Howdidtheybecomeyourfriends?schoolmates,neighbors,penfriens,partiesWhenyoumakefriends,whatarethefactorsyoutakeintoaccount?Why?

age,edu,familybackground,appearance,personality,intesrests.HowdoyouthinkofmakingfriendsontheInternet?

convenient,worldwide,free;truthfulornot,distanceyourself.2/46CompanyLogo情誼天長(zhǎng)地久AuldLangSyneShouldauldacquaintancebeforgotAndneverbroughttomindShouldauldacquaintancebeforgotAndauldlangsyne!ForauldlangsynemydearForauldlangsyneWe'lltakeacupo'kindnessyetForauldlangsyneAndthere'sahandmytrustyfiere!Andgie'sahando'thine!We'lltakeacupo'kindnessyetForauldlangsyneForauldlangsynemydearForauldlangsyneWe'lltakeacupo'kindnessyetForauldlangsyneShouldauldacquaintancebeforgotAndneverbroughttomind3/46CompanyLogo情誼天長(zhǎng)地久AuldLangSyneShouldauldacquaintancebeforgotAndauldlangsyne!ForauldlangsynemydearForauldlangsyneWe'lltakeacupo'kindnessyetForauldlangsyneAndthere'sahandmytrustyfiere!Andgie'sahando'thine!We'lltakeacupo'kindnessyetForauldlangsyneForauldlangsynemydearForauldlangsyneWe'lltakeacupo'kindnessyetForauldlangsyneForauldlangsynemydearForauldlangsyneWe'lltakeacupo'kindnessyetForauldlangsyne4/46CompanyLogoBR_BackgroundInformation1BackgroundInformation(AlexanderGrahamBell)(ModelofAlexanderGrahamBell’sTelephone,1875)BackgroundInformationVideoClipGroupDiscussion

Inthe1870s,AlexanderGrahamBelldesignedadevicethatwenowcallthetelephone.Bell’sextensiveknowledgeofthenatureofsoundandhisunderstandingofmusicenabledhimtoinventthedevice.5/46BR_BackgroundInformation2

Bell’sgreatestsuccesswasachievedonMarch10,1876,markingthebirthofthetelephone.Thefirstsentenceeverspokenoveratelephonewasutteredoverthisdeviceonthatday.Thehistoricwords,“Mr.Watson,comehere;Iwantyou”wereutteredbyBell.BackgroundInformationVideoClipGroupDiscussion(1876LiquidTransmitter)6/46BR_VideoClip1SourceGroupDiscussionBackgroundInformationVideoClip

Idon'tknowwhomyfirstfriendwouldbe.ButIknewwhatkindofperson.IjusthadtothinkaboutmyfriendsbackinOldstill.Allywasalwaysonmyside.Shereallycaredaboutmeandwasloyalnomatterwhathappened."Lastyearsomebodystirredarumoraboutme,andIdon'tknowwhoitis.Butit'sspreadoverthewholeschoolandeveryonewasavoidingme.Itoldmyfriendsheshouldn'tbemyfriendanymorebecauseofit.Shedidn'tlistentothem.Shewasstillmyfriendandthatreallymeantalot."Sharleenwasalwayshonest.IfIaskedheropinionsaboutanythinglikehair,she'dtellwhatshethought,butinaniceway.Carloswasinteresting.Hehaslotsofhobbies.SometimeswedidthesameactivitieslikemusicandthenheplayedbasketballandIwasontheswimmingteam.7/46BR_VideoClip2Questions:1.2.Thespeakermentionsthreefriends.TheyareAlly,SharleenandCarlos.Apersonwhoisloyal,honestorinterestingislikelytobeafriendofthespeaker’s.BackgroundInformationVideoClipGroupDiscussionVideoClipHowmanyfriendsdoesthespeakermentioninthevideoclip?Accordingtothedescriptionofherfriends,whatkindofpersondoyouthinkislikelytobecomethespeaker’sfriend?KeyKey8/46CompanyLogoBR_groupdiscussionGroupDiscussion1.2.Friendshipmaysometimesexertagreatimpactonone’slife.Haveyouheardofanystoriesoffriendship?Doyouthinkyourlifehaseverbeeninfluencedbyyourrelationswithyourfriends?Whatkindofpersondoyouexpectyourfriendtobe?Describeapersonwhoislikelytobeyourfriend.BackgroundInformationVideoClipGroupDiscussion9/46GR_PartDivision..

PartDivisionoftheTextThetextcanbedividedintothreeparts:Part1(Paragraph1):Part1isthetopicparagraph,statinggenerallythehelpfulnessoftheoperator.Part2(Paragraphs2-9):Part2illustratesthehelpfulnessandfriendlinessoftheoperatorwithinstances.Part3(Paragraphs10-15):Part3describesatelephoneconversationbetweentheboyandtheoperatormanyyearslater,furtherstatingthefriendshipbetweenthetwopersons.PartDivisionoftheTextFurtherUnderstanding10/46Whydidtheyoungboybelievethat“InformationPlease”wasanamazingperson?Whentheboydialedtheoperatorattheairportmanyyearslater,whydidheaskthequestion“Couldyoutellmeplease,howtospelltheword‘fix’?”GR_FurtherUnderstanding

FurtherUnderstanding1.2.Itcanbeinferredthattheboymusthaveaskedthesamequestionbeforewhenhewasalittleboy.Heaskedthequestionsothattheoperatorcouldrecognizehimbyaskingthesamequestion.Aswasexpected,theoperatoridentifiedthequestionandrecognizedtheboy.Questions:Becausehebelievedthattherewasnothingshedidnotknow.Shecouldgiveacorrectanswertoanyquestion.PartDivisionoftheTextFurtherUnderstandingKeyKey11/46DR_text1-2_SMyFriend,theTelephoneOperator

WhenIwasquiteyoung,myfamilyhadoneofthefirsttelephonesinourneighborhood.SoonIdiscoveredthatsomewhereinsidethatwonderfuldevicelivedanamazingperson--hernamewas“InformationPlease”andtherewasnothingshedidnotknow.Mymothercouldaskherforanybody’snumber;whenourclockstopped,InformationPleasegaveusthecorrecttimeatonce.Onedaywhilemymotherwasvisitinganeighbor,Ihitmyfingerwithahammer.Thepainwasterribleandtherewasnoonehometooffersympathy.SoIranforthetelephoneandsaid“Informationplease”intothemouthpiece.Afteramoment,asmall,clearvoicespokeintomyear.“Information.”12/46DR_text3-9_S

“Ihurtmyfinger…”Icriedintothephone.“Isn’tyourmotherhome?”camethequestion.“Nobody’shomebutme,”Isobbed.“Areyoubleeding?”“No,”Ireplied.“Ihititwiththehammerandithurts.”“Canyouopenyourfridge?”sheasked.IsaidIcould.“Thenbreakalittlepieceoficeandputitonyourfinger.Thatwillstopthehurt.Anddon’tcry,you’llbeallright.”Afterthat,IcalledInformationPleaseforeverything.Iaskedherforhelpwithmylessons.Ievencalledherforcomfortbecausemypetbirddied.WhenIwasnine,wemovedfromSeattletoBostonandImissedmyfrienddeeply.InformationPleasebelongedtotheoldhome,andIneverthoughtoftryingthenewphoneonasmalltableinthehall.13/46DR_text10-14_S

Manyyearslater,onmywaytocollege,myplanelandedatSeattle.Attheairport,withoutthinkingwhatIwasdoing,Idialedmyhometownoperatorandsaid,“InformationPlease.”ThenIheardagainthesmall,clearvoiceIknewsowell:“Information.”

Ihadn’tplannedthis,butIheardmyselfsaying.“Couldyoutellmeplease,howtospelltheword‘fix’?”Therewasalongpause.Thencamethesoftlyspokenanswer.“Iguess,”saidshe,“thatyourfingermusthavegottenbetterbynow.”Ilaughed.“Soit’sreallystillyou,”Isaid.“Iwonderifyouhaveanyideahowmuchyoumeanttomeduringallthattime…”“Iwonder,”shereplied,“ifyouknowhowmuchyoumeanttome.Ineverhadanychildren,andIusedto

lookforwardtoyourcalls.”(397words)14/46DR_text1-2_S_Therewas…1LanguagePoints家里沒有些人，沒人能撫慰我。Noonewasathome,soIcouldnotgetanysympathy.SentenceParaphrase:StructuralAnalysis:“Tooffersympathy”isapostpositiveattributivetodecoratethenounphrase”noone”.Ithasseveralrelationshipswiththenounphrase.a)Subject(logicalnoun)+todoShewasthefirstonetoarriveattheparty.Yourproposalwillbediscussedattheconferencetoopennextweek.Therewasnoonehometooffersympathy15/46DR_text1-2_S_Therewas…2b)logicalobject+todoc)名詞和不定式互為同位語appositive(samefunction)noun+todoIhavetoomanythingstodo.Thereisnothinginterestingtowriteabout.Ihavenointentiontoquarrelwithyou.Hisdecisiontowithdrawfromcollegesurprisedusall.值得注意是不定式主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)選擇，有時(shí)兩種形式都能夠。如：Thereisnotimetolose.Thereisnotimetobelost.但有時(shí)候習(xí)慣上用其中某一個(gè)更為自然。如：Wehavealotofworktodo.Thisisadaynevertobeforgotten.16/46DR_text3-9_S_Thatwill…這么做就會(huì)止住疼痛。Thatwillstopthehurt.Ifyoubreakalittlepieceoficeandputitonyourfinger,thepainwillberelieved.SentenceParaphrase:StructuralAnalysis:注意這句話中指示代詞that使用方法，它指代前文breakalittlepieceoficeandputitonyourfinger整個(gè)句子。that/those作為指示代詞通慣用于后照應(yīng)，即指代前文中出現(xiàn)整個(gè)句子或若干句子。如：假如要指代下文出現(xiàn)一個(gè)或若干句子，通慣用this/these。如：Mynewcarwasstolen.Thatalmostdrovemecrazy.Wemeethereatfiveo’clock.Thatoughttogiveyouenoughtimetodoyourshopping.ThisiswhatIwanttosay:you’realwaysthinkingofyourself;youneverthinkaboutwhatothersneed.Nowhearthis.Let’smeetattheschoolgateintenminutes.17/46DR_text10-14_S_Yourfinger…你手指現(xiàn)在一定已經(jīng)好多了吧。YourfingermusthavegottenbetterbynowIguessitisverylikelythatyourfingerhasgottenbetterbynow.SentenceParaphrase:StructuralAnalysis:這一句話中must使用方法包括到情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞推測(cè)性使用方法，即情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞表示是說話人主觀看法。下面九個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞都能作推測(cè)性使用方法：

might,may,could,can,should,oughtto,would,will,must值得注意是這九個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞作推測(cè)性使用方法時(shí)沒有時(shí)態(tài)差異，而有表示可能性程度差異。其中might表示可能性程度最低，must表示可能性程度最高，從左至右依次遞增。那么怎樣表示推測(cè)事件所發(fā)生時(shí)間呢？是經(jīng)過情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞形式來表示。假如動(dòng)詞是完成體形式，表示對(duì)于過去事件推測(cè)，假如動(dòng)詞形式是非完成體形式，表示對(duì)于現(xiàn)在或未來事件推測(cè)。如：Hemaybeworking

now.(=Perhapsheisworkingnow.)Hecan’thavelosthispassport.(=Itisveryunlikelythathehaslosthispassport.)Youmusthavebeendisappointedwhenyouheardthenews.(=Itwasquitelikelythatyouweredisappointedwhenyouheardthenews.)18/46DR_text1-2_W_discoverdiscoverComparison:ColumbusAmericain1492.FromherletterIthatsheisoutofwork.discovered_________learn_____Patterns:discoversthdiscover+that從句discover+wh-疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式Derivation:discoverern.發(fā)覺者discoveryn.發(fā)覺discover&learn兩個(gè)詞都含有“取得知識(shí)，了解”這個(gè)含義。discover指“（經(jīng)過觀察或研究而）發(fā)覺”，往往含有“第一次發(fā)覺”含義。learn意思是“學(xué)習(xí)”或“得知”，指“（經(jīng)過教誨而）學(xué)習(xí)”或“（從他人那里）得知”。請(qǐng)比較下面句子，并在空格處填上discover或learn正確形式：19/46DR_text1-2_W_device1deviceComparison:device&equipmentequipment是不可數(shù)名詞，指“（用于某一個(gè)活動(dòng)一套）設(shè)備”。如：device是可數(shù)名詞，指“（用于某一詳細(xì)目標(biāo)一件）裝置”。如：

kitchenequipmentfire-fightingequipmentmilitaryequipmentanalarmdeviceasafetydeviceaprotectiondevice20/46CompanyLogoDR_text1-2_W_device2NB:device除了指“裝置，設(shè)備”外，還能夠指“伎倆”或“技巧”。如：Televisionadvertisinghasbeenusedasadeviceforstimulatingdemand.Hetriedvariousdevicestoarousesympathy.IdiomaticExpression:leavesbtohisowndevices讓某人自己決定怎么做21/46DR_text3-9_W_comfortcomfortCollocations:bringcomfortderivecomfortfromfindcomfortingivesbcomfortliveincomfortprovidecomforttakecomfortin/fromExamples:Derivation:comfortable

adj.

舒適comfortably

adv.

舒適地comforter

n.

撫慰者，給予撫慰事物Hehassavedenoughmoneysothathecanliveincomfortwhenheisretired.Parentsalwaystakecomfortintheirchildren.NB:comfort既能夠作名詞，也能夠作動(dòng)詞。22/46DR_text10-14_W_plan1planCollocations:afive-yearplanalong-termplancarryoutaplandeviseaplandrawupaplanimplementaplanmakeaplanmapoutaplanputaplanintooperationPattern:plan(v.)todoNB:plan既能夠作名詞，也能夠作動(dòng)詞。Example:Thestudentshavebeenplanningtoholdasurprisepartyfortheirteacheronherbirthday.23/46DR_text10-14_W_plan2Matching:Fillintheblankwithaproperprepositiontocollocatewith“plan”:Doyouhaveaplanthesummerbreak?Thisisastreetplanthetown.Everyuniversitystudentshouldplanhisfuture.for___of__for___24/46DR_text10-14_W_mean1meanNB:mean是一個(gè)一詞多意單詞，掌握它意義和使用方法非常主要。下面講解mean幾個(gè)主要意思：a)

意思是，表示。如：b)

打算，意欲。如：c)

含有主要性。如：

Adictionarytellsyouwhatawordmeans.Thislectureismeantforbeginners.這個(gè)講座是為入門者準(zhǔn)備。我打算向你道歉，但你就是不愿聽我說。Thephotoframeisasymboloffriendship.Itmeansalottome.Imeanttoapologizetoyou,butyoujustwon’tlistentome.25/46DR_text10-14_W_mean2Patterns:a)意思是，表示

meansthmean+that-從句

mean+-ing分詞b)打算，意欲

meantodomeansbsthmeansbtodoc)含有主要性

mean…tosbDerivation:meaningn.意思，意義meaningfuladj.

有意義，有價(jià)值meaninglessadj.沒有意義，沒有價(jià)值IdiomaticExpressions:bemeanttodo（按道理、按規(guī)矩）必須做meanwell懷好意y26/46DR_text10-14_W_useto1usedtoNB:否定形式為usednotto或didnotusedto（有縮略形式為usedn’tto或didn’tusedto）。usedto表示過去事實(shí)或狀態(tài)，后接動(dòng)詞不定式。這三個(gè)表示中即使都含有used，但意義和使用方法截然不一樣。a)中used是動(dòng)詞use過去式，后接動(dòng)詞不定式，表示過去慣常動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：b)中used是形容詞，后接介詞to，表示“習(xí)慣于”。動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)能夠和get交換。如：Heusedtosmokealot,butnowhehasgivenupsmoking.Comparison:a)usedtodob)beusedtosth

/

-ing分詞c)beusedtodoIamnotusedtotheweatherhere.I’musedtogettingupearly.27/46DR_text10-14_W_useto2c)中used是動(dòng)詞use過去分詞，和be組成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，意思是“被用來（做某事）”，后接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：Flowersareoftenusedtoexpressloveandfriendship.與usedto類似，情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞would也能夠表示過去習(xí)慣，這二者往往能夠交替使用。如：不過，有時(shí)它們也不能交換。因?yàn)閣ould只能與動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，而usedto則沒有這個(gè)限制。如：這句話中usedto就不能與would交換。GrammarNote:Whenwewerechildren,weusedto/wouldplaybasketballeveryafternoon.Thereusedtobeansmallrestaurantatthestreetcorner.28/46DR_text10-14_W_lookforwardto1lookforwardtoI’mexpectingaletter.I’mlookingforwardtoyourletter.Comparison:我在等一封信。（不含有“期望”意思）我盼著你來信。lookforwardto&expectlookforwardto和expect漢字釋義都有“期望“意思，不過二者含義還是有區(qū)分。expect含義是“預(yù)期或要求某事發(fā)生”，而lookforwardto帶有“含著欣喜、急迫心情期望”含義。如：29/46DR_text10-14_W_lookforwardto2這個(gè)詞組中to是介詞，所以后面不能接動(dòng)詞不定式，而必須接名詞或-ing分詞。如：NB:Childrenalwayslookforwardtoholidays.Ilookforwardtoseeingyouagain.UsefulExpressions:lookafter 照看lookbackon 回顧，回想lookdownon 輕視lookfor 尋找lookinto 調(diào)查lookout 小心lookupto

尊敬30/46AR_vocabulary_mainVocabularyUsefulExpressionsSynonymsandAntonymsWritingIntegratedExercisesVocabulary31/46AR_vocabulary_useful…UsefulExpressionsintheneighbourhoodof在……附近，大約come/gounderthehammer被拍賣givesbpause使某人猶豫haveone’smoments也有走紅（得意、精彩）時(shí)候goshares分擔(dān)（費(fèi)用等）nopains,nogains不勞無獲atadistance在遠(yuǎn)處keepone’sdistance保持距離，不介入lack(v.)fornothing 什么也不缺WritingVocabularytakeheart鼓起勇氣IntegratedExercises32/46AR_vocabulary_Synonyms

SynonymsandAntonymssynonym

antonym

amazingsympathysobcomfortdevicethoughtfulgainpricelessshydiscoverlearnwonderful,remarkable,marvelousantipathycry,weepconsolationequipment,apparatusthoughtlessobtainvaluable,preciouscoyWritingVocabularycompassiondiscomfortconsideratelosevaluelessboldIntegratedExercises33/46AR_Writing_mainWritingSummaryWritingMakeUpaShortSpeechVocabularyWritingIntegratedExercises34/46AR_Writing_summarySummaryWritingDirections:ReadTextB“TheRoadIsNeverTooLong,”andwriteasummaryofabout100words.Notethatyoursummaryshouldincludethemainideasofthestory.Pleasepayattentiontotheuseofconjunctionsandconjunctiveadverbs.

Morethantwoyearsago,IwrotealettertoagirlinHungary,whomIhadneverseenbefore.Unexpectedly,shewrotealetterinreply.Beingashyandthoughtfulgirl,shegavemethecomfortIneededatthattime.Ourletterwritingcontinuedandourfriendshipwasstrengthened.Inordertomeetmyfriendfacetoface,Ididpart-timejobs.Finally,Imademytriptothetownwhereshelived.Despitethemanydifficultieslikethedistanceandlackofmoney,wemanagedtoseeeachother.Werealizedthattheroadtoafriend’shouseisnevertoolong.VocabularyWritingIntegratedExercises35/46

Ihavecomparedmychoiceswiththosemadebymypartner.Interestingly,Idiscoverthatweshareverylittleincommon.Wehavemadedifferentchoicesformostofthequestions.Forinstance,Ilikespringbestbuthelikeswinterbest;Ilikeswimmingbutheenjoysskating;moreover,IlovestayingathomeandwatchingTVduringholidays,buthehatesstayingathomeforawholelongholidayandhisfavoriteactivityistraveling.Howdifferentweare!Nevertheless,thereisatleastonethingthatwehaveincommon.Bothofuslikethelanguagesubject.Afterall,webotharelanguagemajors!AR_Writing_makeup…MakeUpaShortSpeechDirections:Makeupashortspeechofabout100wordsaboutwhatyouhavedoneinClassroomActivity.Youmayusethefollowingexpressionsinyourspeech.compare…with…discovershare/havelittle/muchincommonmoreoverneverthelessafteralllove/like/hatedoingsthenjoydoingsthSample

Speech:VocabularyWritingIntegratedExercises36/46AR_IntegratedExercises_mainIntegratedExercisesSentenceTranslationSentenceDictationChallengeYourselfVocabularyWritingIntegratedExercises37/46AR_IntegratedExercises_ST1SentenceTranslationDirections:

TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromChineseintoEnglish.我上小學(xué)時(shí)候，經(jīng)常在上學(xué)路上買一包糖。2.意識(shí)到是我犯了錯(cuò)誤，我不假思索向她道歉了。3.經(jīng)歷了生活大起大落之后，她變成了一個(gè)成熟冷靜女人。KeyWhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iusedtobuyapackofcandiesonmywaytoschool.KeyRealizingthatIhavemadeamistake,Iheardmyselfapologizingtoher.KeyGoingthroughtheupsanddownsoflife,shehasturnedintoamatureandself-possessedwoman.WritingVocabularyIntegratedExercises38/46WhenIgrewupandleftmyhometown,Irealizedhowmuchmychildhoodfriendshadmeanttome.Ican’tthinkofhisnameatthemoment.WheneverIloseheartatmyfailure,thephotoframeonmydeskremindsmeofmybestfriend’sencouragement.4.5.6.AR_IntegratedExercises_ST2SentenceTranslationDirections:

TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.我長(zhǎng)大成人離開故鄉(xiāng)后，意識(shí)到我童年摯友對(duì)我有多主要。我一時(shí)想不起他名字。每當(dāng)我因?yàn)槭《バ判臅r(shí)，我桌上相框就會(huì)讓我想起我最好朋友勉勵(lì)。VocabularyWritingKeyKeyKeyIntegratedExercises39/46AR_IntegratedExercises_SDSentenceDictationScript1.Friendshipisacloserelationship.2.Friendshipiscomfortableandrelaxed.3.Friendshiprequiresmeetingtheneedsofbothfriends.4.Buildingfriendshipstakestime.5.Talkingandlisteningbuildsfriendships.VocabularyWritingIntegratedExercises40/46AR_IntegratedExercises_ChallengeYourself1ChallengeYourself(1)Talkaboutthepicture:

Directions:Doyouthinkthetwoboysinthepicturearefriends?Whataretheydoing?Whatcanyoulearnfromthepicture?Writeapassageofabout100words.VocabularyWritingIntegratedExercises41/46AR_IntegratedExercises_ChallengeYourself2Sample:

Inthepicture,thereisawoodenfence.TherearealsotwoboysinblueT-shirtsandjeans.Theyseemtobeteenagers.Itseemsthattheyaretryingtoclimboverthefence.However,thefenceismuchhigherthanthem.Theyfindoutawaytoovercomethedifficulty.Oneofthemstandsatthefootofthefenceandtheotherputsonefootonhisfriend’shandsandtheotherfootonthefence.Itlooksasiftheycanmanagetoclimboverthefence.Thetwoboysgiveeachotherhelpwhentheyarefacedwithdifficulty.Ithinkthatiswhatfriendshipmeans.VocabularyWritingChallengeYourselfIntegratedExercises42/46AyearagoIcameintotheInternetworld.Ihavemetmanyfriends,laughed,smiled,andevencried.Oneparticularperson,hastouchedmedeeply...Ijustwantedhimtoknow.Inevercameherelookingforasinglesoul.ButnowthatIfoundyouIwantyout