2023中考英語閱讀理解專題復習

要領：(回歸原文定位)

【一)中考閱讀理解的考查方式

1.五大題型

1)、主旨題要求在理解全文后歸納短文大意，概括中心思想或選擇短文的標題。

、細節(jié)題即平時我們所說的和

2)"W"(who,whatwhere,when;why.Which)"H"(how)

問題

3)、詞意題主要測試考生是否理解了文章的詞義，一般情況下，正確答案就是對所詢問的

詞，詞組或句子的復述或解釋。

4)、推斷題主要測試考生利用文章所給的信息進行推理判斷的能力。一般是根據(jù)文章的有關

事實，對作者意圖，態(tài)度以及作者言外之意，進行符合邏輯的推理判斷

5)、觀點態(tài)度題這一類考題大都要求考生就作者對論述對象持什么樣的態(tài)度做出推斷，如

作者對所陳述的觀點是贊同、反對，還是猶豫不定，對記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、

同情、冷漠，還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來，而往往隱含

在字里行間。因此，進行這種推斷時，我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推力的前提，又要

注意作者的措辭，尤其是形容詞一類的修飾語。

2.具體形式

(1)任務型閱讀。

(2)根據(jù)所讀文章內(nèi)容選擇正確答案。

【二)中考閱讀理解命題特點

試題的選材貼近考生的生活，時代氣息濃郁。所選文章的體裁多樣化。記敘文，說議論文，

應用文，對話，圖表，廣告，小品等。

1.題材具有廣泛性。涉及日常生活，社會，政治，經(jīng)濟，文化，科技，地理，歷史，人物傳

記，風土人情，實用文體等。

2.題量大，分值高。

3.試題難度適中，符合大多數(shù)考生英語水平。

三中考閱讀理解解題策略及方法

1.細節(jié)理解題。

嚴格按照三步走：首先看題目，劃出關鍵詞,區(qū)分不同選項；其次根據(jù)所劃關鍵詞回歸原文

定位;最后比對原文和選項，選出正確答案。一般難句都是出題點，這是應注意文中的同位

語，破折號，括號，省略號等。

設題方式

1)Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?

3)Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat.

4)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)__?

解題秘訣(回扣原文)

正確答案的特點：與原文情節(jié)表達手法不同，但所表達的意思相同。

干擾選項的特點：

1.是原文信息，但與題目要求不符；

2.符合常識，但不符合原文內(nèi)容；

3.與原文情節(jié)極為相似，只是在程度上有些變動；

4.選項中所提供的信息局部正確，局部錯誤；

5.在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。

2.詞義推理題。

我們可以利用閱讀材料的信息，結合上下文來判斷其特定含義，或者根據(jù)句子的語法關系分

析、挖掘其含義。

設題方式

⑴thewordInthepassageprobablymeans.

⑵Theword'、???〃isclosedinmeaningto.

(3)couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

⑷Inthestorytheunderlinedword”…〃means

(5)Here“it〃means

(6)Theexpression/phrase”…〃means

(7)Theunderlinedword“it〃inthepassagerefersto.

解題秘訣(通過詞根詞綴詞綴推測生詞的含義。通過上下文推測生詞的含義。通過語法關

系推測生詞的含義。)

3,推理判斷題

考查短文中對作者意圖或文章中人物觀點的理解，以及能從短文內(nèi)容中推斷出結論和作者的

弦外之音等。對此要求學生把握住兩點：一答案來源于原文，但不等同于原文；二是答案必

須要忠實于原文，不能主觀臆斷。

常見的設問形式：

⑴wecaninferfromthepassagethat

(2)Wecanguessthewriterofthelettermaybe

(3)Fromtheletterwe'relearnedthatit'svery

⑷Fromthestorywecanguess

(5)Whatwouldbehappyif…

(6)Thewriterbelievesthat

(7)Thewritersuggeststhat

解題秘訣(依據(jù)原文認真比擬選項。)

以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點理論(非考生觀點)，客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或

事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。

如果選項中有兩個或兩個以上的選項都是成立的推理，那么選與原文主題最接近的答案。

4.主旨大意題

這類題是指那些針對文章的主要內(nèi)容，主題，標題或寫作目的所設的問題。

設題方式

(1)What'sthepassagemainlyabout?

(2)What'sthemainideaofthispassage?

(3)What'sthetopicofthisarticle?

(4)What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?

(5)Thepurposeofthispassageisto

(6)Thearticlehasbeenwrittentoexplain

(7)Wecanlearnfrom

⑻Wecaninferfromthispassage.

解題秘訣(抓主題句)高頻詞，關鍵詞A+關鍵詞B+…?；不能太大；不能太小

干擾項特點：

1.以偏概全。干擾項只闡述了文章的一局部內(nèi)容，也就是文章的局部信息。

2.斷章取義。干擾項常常以文章中的個別信息或個別字眼作為選項的設置內(nèi)容，或者以次

要的事實或細節(jié)冒充全文的主要觀點。

3.主題擴大。干擾項所歸納、概括的范圍過大，超過文章實際所討論的內(nèi)容。

4.張冠李戴。命題者有意地把屬于A的特征放在B的身上，構成一個干擾項。考生不注意

的情況下，會造成錯選答案。

5.無中生有或似是而非。有的干擾項中的關鍵詞語好似在文章中談到了，但認真分析之后

你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這類干擾項的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容毫無聯(lián)系。

5.觀點態(tài)度題

設題方式

Thewriter'sattitudetoward...is.

Howdidthewriterfeel

作者在描述事實或傳遞信息時,不管他的意圖是什么，其觀點和態(tài)度都不可防止地在文章中反

映出來。常見的涉及到作者態(tài)度的詞有褒義類此(approving,positive,optimisticjavorable

貶義類詞和中性類此

supportive},(negative,critical,pessimistic,)(impartial,objective,neutral)o

不是解的選項indifferent漠不關心的subjective主觀的unconcerned不關心的

contemptuous輕蔑的,hostile敵對的,biased片面的

閱讀理解解題方法：

方法1.順序法。即先看文章，然后看試題，再回到文章查找有關信息。該法適合于解題時間

充足，文章篇幅較長，需要獲取的信息較多或需要對全篇進行整體理解的場合。閱讀時一般

采取快速閱讀法注意關鍵詞句和段落，找準主線，掌握大意，并能記住主要細節(jié)的分布點。

2.逆向法。即先看試題，了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，然后有針對地對文章進

行掃讀，對相關信息進行快速定位，再將相關信息進行整合，分析，比照。有根據(jù)地排除

干擾項，選出正確答案。該法有較大的針對性和準確性。適合于時間較緊，文章篇幅不長，

需要獲取信息不多，試題與文章聯(lián)系緊密，不需要做深層次的理解3.標注法。即在通讀短文

和試題后，標注中心句并與試題有關的詞句，段標注相應的題號。該法具有很大的針對性

和穩(wěn)妥性，便于對照分析和復查驗證。有些學生在閱讀時喜歡在不認識的單詞以及不理解的

句子，段落下面劃線或打上標記，這是一個不好的習慣，應以摒棄。

加快閱讀速度技巧：

擴大視距。要以意群為單位，注重對整句話的理解，擴大注視空間。帶問題閱讀：先瀏覽短

文后面的題目，做到心中有數(shù)，帶著目的去閱讀，以提高閱讀實效。

注意：題目中否認詞

A

EmmahasjustfinishedtravellingaloneinEurope.Areyouinterestedinherjourney?Let's

readsomeofhertraveldiaries.

41.Emmawaslookingforwardtothistravelbecause.

A.shehadnevertakenatrainridebefore

B.shecoulddoanythingshelikedonthejourney

C.shehopedtokeepherselfawayfromthebusylife

42.Fromthepassage,wecanknowSalzburgisagreatplacefor..

A.enjoyingclassicalmusic

B.buyingchildren'sbooks

C.visitinghistorymuseums

43.InAmsterdam,she

A.climbedthebeautifulmountains

B.traveledalongtheriverinaboat

C.wrotesomepostcardsinherhotel

44.Shedidn'tneedtoworryabouthersafetyinCopenhagenbecause.

A.therewasverylittlecrimethere

B.thecitywasfulloffriendlypeople

C.shethoughtshewascarefulenough.

B

WhenIopenedmye-mailtheotherday,Rachel,aprettywoman,appearedonmy

computerscreen.Shegreetedmebynameandstartedtalkinghappily.Sometimesshestopped

tosmileatmeorblowakiss.Itwascool,right?Infact,shewasreadingtomeane-mailfrom

mybrotherJohn.

RachelcouldbetherebecauseofanewtechnologycalledFacemailletsyousendinafunny

way.Byusingit,youre-mailscanbereadtothereceiverbyanattractivepersonorbya

clown.Youcandownloadthesoftwareatwww.Facemail,comwithoutpaying.Facemailfaces

arelivelyandtheycansimulatetheemotionsthatyouputinyoutext.Forexample,typein?,

andRachelblowsakiss.

LifeFX,thecompanythatdevelopedtheFacemail,issuretherearewidebusinessuses.Why

ise-businessnotsopopularnow?Oneofthereasonsisthatbuyingonlinehasnohuman

touch.ButifyougototheNikewebsite,andthefamousbasketballstarMichaelJordangreets

youbyname,servesyou,andpersonallyclosesthesale,won'tyoubehappy?Also,ifmomcan't

behomewhenkidsgetbackfromschool,shecanleaveanotewithavoiceandpictureonthe

screentotellthemwhatthereistoeat.

It'struethatFacemailmakeslifeeasyandfun,butitshouldbeusedwithcare.Theclown

lookslivelyandfunnyatfirst.Butifyouchoosetheclown,putafewrudewordsinane-mail

andaddsomeangryemotions,you'vegotaPsychomail.

46.Infact,whoisRachel?

A.Sheisaprettyactress.

B.SheisJohn'sgirlfriend.

C.Sheisnotarealperson.

47.WhatisthemainadvantageofFacemail?

A.Youdon'tneedtopayforit.

B.E-mailcanbeattractiveinamorelovelyway.

C.Youcanaskabeautifulwomantoreadthee-mailtoyou.

48.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression"closesthesale"probablymean?

A.停止營業(yè)

B.達成交易

C.取消折扣

49.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Youshould'tchooseaclown.

B.Facemailcanbewidelyusedinbusiness.

C.MomcanshowherkidshowtocookbyFacemail.

50.Whatisthewriter'sattitude（態(tài)度）towardsFacemail?

A.Hethinksit'sadangertotheInternet.

B.Hethinksitneedsfurtherimprovement.

C.Hethinksit'sacoolandfunnytechnology.

C

Letchildrenlearntojudge（半U斷）theirownwork.Achilddoesn'tlearntotalkbybeing

correctedallthetime.Ifheiscorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousand

timesadaythedifferencesbetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguageothersuse.Littleby

little,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeople's.

Inthesameway,childrenlearntodoalltheotherthingswithoutbeingtaught-towalk,

run,climborrideabicycle.Theycomparetheirperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,

andslowlymakethechanges.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetofindouthis

mistakesandcorrectthemhimself.Wedoitallforhim.Wethoughtthathewouldnevernotice

amistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohim,tocorrectitunlesshehasmadeto.Soonhebecomes

dependentontheteacher.Lethimworkoutwiththehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit.

Ifitisamatterinmathorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisown

papers.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimeonsuchdailywork?Ourjobshouldbetohelpthe

childrenwhentheytellusthathecan'tfindthewaytogettherightanswer.Letthechildren

learnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustlearn,howtomeasure（估量）theirownunderstanding,

howtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.

Letthemgetonwiththisjobintheirways.Schoolteachers

canofferhelpiftheyaskforit.Someparentsandteachersareworriedthatthechildrenmight

failtolearnsomethingthattheywillneedtogetintheworld.Don'tworryllfitisimportant,they

willgooutintotheworldandlearnit.

51.Accordingtothepassage,thebestwayforchildrentolearnthingsisby.

A.beingalwayscorrected

B.followingadult'sadvice

C.doingasotherpeopledo

52.Thewriterthinksteachersinschoolshould.

A.encouragestudentstolearnfromeachother

B.teachstudentshowtogettheanswersdirectly

C.tellstudentswhatiswrongasoftenaspossible

53.Theunderlinedsentenceinthethirdparagraphmeans.

A.teacherscan'tcorrectstudents'papers

B.teachersneedn'twastetimeteachingstudentsinclass

C.teachersshouldhelpstudentsimprovetheirlearningability

54.Wecaninfer（推斷）thatfromthepassage.

A.studentscanfaceanychallengeeasily

B.studentscanlearnalotinthereallife

C.studentscangrowupwithoutothers'help

55.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe.

A.LetUsTeachersStopWorking

B.LetChildrenLearnbyThemselves

C.LetParentsUnderstandTheirKids.

vn.閱讀理解（二）（每題io分，共2。分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框內(nèi)的選項中選出能填入空

白處的最正確選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑.

A

Recently,averysimplequestionbecamewidelyspreadonline：whatChinashouldbeproud

of?（61）

Lanlan,whoserealnameisNegarKordi,isfromCanada.ShecametoChinafiveyearsago

andisastudentatNingboUniversity.Nowshehas120,OOOfansontheInternetandthenumber

isstillgrowing.

LanlanlovesChinaandChinese,（62）Andthat'swhysheissowellreceivedamongChinese

netfriends.Thefollowingischinainhereyes.

"Itistheeasiestcountryinwhichtofindajob.Ifyouarenottoolazy,itisreallyverysimple

tofindajobinChina.Ibelievethere'remorejobchancesherethaninanyothercountryinthe

wold."

"（63）About400millionChinesearestudyingEnglish.IftheycanspeakgoodEnglishinthe

future,ChinawillhavethegreatestnumberofEnglishspeakersofanynon-Englishspeaking

country."

"ThespeedofChinesetrainsisfast.FromNingbotoBeijing,thetrainruns1,365kilometers

forsevenhoursandtheticketfareisonly595yuan."

"Itspublicsecurityisgreat,（64）Ihavetravelledinmanycountries,andIthinkChinareally

isverysafe."

"TherearemuchmorethingsChinashouldbeproudof.ManyChinesepeopleoftencriticize

（批評）China.Atfirst,Ibelievedthattheydidn'tlikechinaorthattheylovedwestern

countries.Butlater,IrealizedthattheyjustsetaveryhighstandardforChina.（65）

Chinamustbemuchbetterthanothercountries."

A.Theforeignlanguagelevelissurprising.

B.Thiscountryof1.4billionpeoplemakesmefeelsafe.

C.Aforeigngirllivinginchinagaveaverytouchinganswer.

D.Theybelievethatit'snotenoughtobenumberoneintheworld.

E.Shebelieveschinawillbethestrongestcountryintheworldinfuture.

B

閱讀下面圖文，簡要答復所給問題，并將答案寫在答題卡相應的位置上.

Accordingtonewresearch,recently,someterribleeventsthatteacherswereabused（辱

罵）onsomewebsitesbystudentshappenedintheUK.Ithadabadinfluenceonschoolsand

thesociety.TheBritishTeachingUniondidasurveyof7500teachers.Wecangetsome

informationfromthefollowingdata（數(shù)據(jù)）andknowhowtheteacherswhowereabuseddealt

withtheproblem.

Youknowteachersareoftendestroyedbytheterribleabuse.Somehavelosttheir

confidencetoteachandhaveleftschool.Thesurveyshowedmanyofthebadcommentsrelated

toteachers'looks,abilitiesandbehaviors.We'vegotanotherdatafromit.ItSHOWSthebad

commentsweremadebynotonlystudentsbuttheirparents.Pleaselookatthefollowingchart.

Itisclearthatweshouldtakesomemethodstoprotectteachersfromtheabuse.Wethink

thatthewaytosolvetheproblemisthebetterunderstandingamongteachers,studentsand

parents.Besidesgoodcommunication,respecting（尊敬）eachotherisveryimportant.Ifso,

theycangetonwellwitheachother.

66.Whatresultdidtheseterribleeventsleadtoaccordingtothepassage?

67.FromChartOne,howdid50%oftheteachersdealwiththeabuse?

68.Whatpercentofthebadcommentsweremadebyparentsintotal?

69.Whatisthewaytosolvetheabuseproblemaccordingtothepassage?

(現(xiàn)

70.Afterreadingthepassage9whatdoyouthinkofthiskindofsocialphenomenon

象)？

VIII.詞語運用(每題10分，共10分)請根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，用方框中所給詞的正確形式填空，

使短文