瑞鑫點教教研院制作PartIVUnit1ScienceandScientistUsingLanguage·Talkabout

scientificexperiences

·Whatmakesgreatscientists

配套教材：人民教育出版社普通高中教科書選擇性必修第二冊第一單元：科學與科學家第四課時:語言運用聽說：探究科學閱讀：解析偉大科學家

瑞鑫點教教研院制作PartIVUnit1Science1Talkingaboutscientificexperiencescommoncharacteristicscautiouspersuasivestrictpositiveco-operativecreativebrightenthusiastic

Whatmakesgreatscientists?Talkingaboutscientificexper2PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.DescribedbytheauthorsoftheStoryofQianXuesenasamanwith“greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit”whowaspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievementanddevotion.Qianwasanextremelywell-respectedman.Whilereadingthepassage,findwordsthatdescribethepersonalitiesofQianXuesen.Howdoes

thestoryofQianXuesenhelpillustratethesepersonalities?QianXuesenWORDSILLUSTRATIONPassage1

TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中國航天之父—錢學森Perhapsnootherscientisthas3BorninHangzhouin1911,QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.QianwenttotheUnitedStatesin1935topursuehisgraduatestudies.Overthecourseofthe1930sand1940s,QianbecameapioneerinAmericanjetandrockettechnology.AsagraduateassistantattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyduringthe1930s,Qianhelpedconductimportantresearchintorocketpropulsion,andinthe1940s,heandseveralotherpeoplefoundedtheJetPropulsionLaboratory,nowoneofNASA'sleadingspace-explorationcentres.Passage1TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中國航天之父—錢學森DidQianchangehismajorbecauseofashiftinpersonalinterest?Whatwillyoudoifthereisacontradiction(矛盾)betweenyouridealmajorandreallife?NASA,美國國家航空航天局,是目前世界上最權威的航空航天科研機構，與許多國內及國際上的科研機構分享其研究數據。BorninHangzhouin1911,Qian4AfterovercomingsomedifficultiesduringhisfinalfewyearsintheUS,QianreturnedtoChinain1955.Hereceivedahero'swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina'srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.Passage1

TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中國航天之父——錢學森Atthattime,Chinawaspooranditsrocketsciencewasundeveloped.NoinstituteoruniversityinChinaofferedrocketscienceasamajor,andtherewerenotalentsorexpertsinthisfieldinChina.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.Whenasked"CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?",hisreplywasadetermined“Whynot?WeChineseareabletomakethesamethingsthatotherpeoplemake."QianXuesen'sfamily,thephotowastakenbeforehisreturningtoChinain1955.Afterovercomingsomedifficul5Passage1

TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中國航天之父—錢學森UnderQian'sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.In1970,Chinasuccessfullylauncheditsfirstman-madesatellite,DongFangHongI,fromaLongMarchrocket.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanalsobetracedbacktoQian'sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof'thefatherofChina'saerospace".Qianreadalotandwasextremelyknowledgeable,especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.Hisdeepappreciationforartoftengavehiminspirationinhisscientificresearch.Passage1UnderQian'sleaders6On31October2009,thewholecountrywassaddenedbyQian'sdeath,andpeoplehonouredandrememberedhimindifferentways.Passage1

TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中國航天之父—錢學森————QianXuesen'sstatueinXi'anJiaoTongUniversityWriteapersonalprofileaboutQianXuesenaccordingtotheinformationfromthepassageQianXuesenBirth&DeathEducationExperienceAchievementsPersonalitiesQianXuesendeniedAmerican'scitizenshipandreturnedtoChinain1955."Idonotplantocomeback,"declaredQian."Ihavenoreasontocomeback….IplantodomybesttohelptheChinesepeoplebuildupthenationwheretheycanlivewithdignityandhappiness."Heobeyedthepromiseuntilhisdeath.（編者的話）On31October2009,thewhole7Passage1

TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中國航天之父—錢學森QianXuesen'spersonalprofileBirth&DeathEducationExperienceAchievementsPersonalitiesfrom1911to31stOctober2009anextremelywell-respectedmanpatriotic:servehishomelandwitheffortknowledgeable1.AttendedschoolsinBeijing2.ThenShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity3.in1932switchedhismajortoaviation4.in1935wenttotheUnitedStatesamanwithgreatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit1.overthecourseofthe1930sand1940s,hebecameapioneerinAmericanjetandrockettechnology.2.Asagraduateassistant,hehelpedconductimportantresearchintorocketpropulsion.3.inthe1940s,foundedtheJetPropulsionLaboratory.4.in1955,hereturnedtoChina.ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles;thefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets;Chinasuccessfullylauncheditsfirstman-madesatellite,DongFangHongI,fromaLongMarchrocket.WhywasQiancalled"thefatherofChina'saerospace"?BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanbetracedbacktoQian’sresearch.Qianearnedthenameof"thefatherofChina'saerospace”.Passage1

TheFatherofChina8QianXuesen'slifespannedalmostacentury.InthattimeChinagrewfroma“SickManofEastAsia”toasuperpoweronEarthandinspace.Qianwaspartofthattransformation.ButhisstorycouldhavebeenagreatAmericanonetoo–wheretalent,whereveritisfound,couldthrive. ————BBCDeportingQianwasthestupidestthingthiscountryeverdid.HewasnomoreaCommunistthanIwas,andweforcedhimtogo.”————NavySecretaryDanKimballThewholestoryofAmericanscienceisthatitispropelledbypeoplecomingfromoutside…butintheseconservativetimesthat’sastorythatbecomeshardertocelebrate.ManyChineseAmericansandChinesestudentsintheUS,doknowabouthim,andwhyhehadtoleave,andtheyseetheparallelswiththepresentday.In2020,USChinarelationshavegotsomuchworse.

TheyknowtheycouldbeunderthesamesuspicionsasQian'sgeneration.

Overhalfacenturypassed,however,whenreferredasascientistfromarivalcountry,Qiangetsquitehighappreciationfromthescholarsandofficialsfromwesterncountries.ExtensiveReading

TheFatherofChina'sAerospace中國航天之父—錢學森QianXuesen'slifespannedalm9【詞匯】breakout(戰爭、打斗等不快的事情)突然開始；爆發IwasstilllivinginLondonwhenthewarbrokeout.戰爭爆發的時候我還住在倫敦。Aterriblefirebrokeoutinthebuildinglastnight.昨晚大樓里發生了大火。【拓展】breakdown出故障；失敗；垮掉；分解breakin破門而入；打斷(談話等)breakinto強行闖入；突然……起來breakawayfrom脫離；掙脫breakup打碎；分裂；解體breakthrough突破重點句型1.However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.然而,在1932年淞滬戰役爆發后，錢學森做出了將自己的專業轉向航空的決定，因為他意識到中國需要自己強大的空軍來保護和保衛國家。【提示】breakin和breakinto都有“闖入”的意思。breakin為不及物動詞短語，后不跟賓語；breakinto為及物動詞短語，后可以跟賓語。【詞匯】breakout(戰爭、打斗等不快的事情)突然開10【詞匯】defendvt.保衛;防御Thekillerinsistedthathewasjustdefendinghimselfwhenattacked.兇手堅持說當受到攻擊時他只是在進行自衛。Theunionsaidthattheywouldtakeactiontodefendtheirmember'sjobs.工會說他們將采取行動維護會員的工作權益。1.Howcanwedefendourhomelandifwedon'thaveanpowerfularmy?2.Whitebloodcellshelpdefendthebodyagainstinfection3.Whenmyfathercriticizedme,mymothercametomydefence.重點句型1.However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.然而，在1932年淞滬戰役爆發后，錢學森做出了將自己的專業轉向航空的決定，因為他意識到中國需要自己強大的空軍來保護和保衛國家。【拓展】defend...against/from保衛...免受...defendoneself為自己辯解/辯護defencen.防御;保衛indefenceof為保衛...,為...辯護inone'sdefence為某人辯護cometoone'sdefence【詞匯】defendvt.保衛;防御重點句型1.Howev11【詞匯】inchargeof主管；掌管Dr.Smithisassignedtotakechargeofthedepartment.史密斯醫生受命分管這個部門。Willyoupleasetellmewhetheryouchargeforcheques?請告訴我兌換支票收手續費嗎?I’llbeinchargeofthewholefactorynextweekwhenthedirectorisaway.下周廠長不在時,我將負責整個工廠。【拓展】(1)takechargeof掌管/負責……inthechargeof受……的管理；由……負責(2)freeofcharge=forfree免費(3)chargesbforsth為某物向某人收取費用chargesbwith(doing)sth控告某人(做)某事重點句型2.Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.他受到了祖國英雄般的歡迎,不僅負責發展中國的火箭科學,而且負責中國的太空和導彈計劃。【溫馨提示】inchargeof多以人作主語，指“某人負責/主管某事”；inthechargeof多以物作主語，指“某物由某人掌管”。類似的還有:inpossessionof,inthepossessionof;incontrolof,inthecontrolof。【詞匯】inchargeof主管；掌管【拓展】重點句型12重點句型3.Whenasked“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”,hisreplywasadetermined“Whynot...”當被問到“我們中國人能制造導彈嗎?”他的回答是堅定的“為什么不能……”。1.連詞+形容詞As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou'llregret.他小時候就學會了騎自行車。少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。2.連詞+名詞Although(hewas)afarmer,nowheisafamousdirector.盡管他曾是個農民,現在他是位著名的導演了。3.連詞+V-ingAlthough(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.盡管近來他一直在努力學數學,但他仍然沒有取得好成績。4.連詞+過去分詞Hewon'tgotherewithusunless(heis)invited.除非受到邀請,否則他不會和我們一起去那里。5.連詞+不定式Hestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.他站起來好像要說什么。6.連詞+介詞短語Shelookedanxiousasthough(shewas)introuble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,且從句謂語中含有be動詞時,從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。【句式】Whenasked...是省略句，省略了從句的主語和be動詞，句子補全為：Whenhewasasked...。Wheninvitedtodinner,Iamoftenunsurewhethertobringapresent.當被邀請參加宴會時，我老是拿不準是否該帶禮物。重點句型3.Whenasked“CanweChin13Passage2

Aworldofpurethought

純粹思考中的世界StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousandgiftedscientistsinphysics.Mostpeoplearefamiliarwithimagesofhiminhiswheelchair,unabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.Hawkingfirstachievedfamewhenhewasstillhealthyenoughtowalk,asagraduatestudentinphysicsatCambridgeUniversityin1964.Ingeneral,thereweretwomaintheoriesontheoriginoftheuniverse.Thefirstwasthesteadystatetheory,whichholdsthattheuniversehasnobeginningorend.Theotherwasthebigbangtheory,whichholdsthattheuniversebeganatasinglepointintimeandspace.ThebiggestchampionofthesteadystateconceptwasFredHoyle,aprofessoratCambridge.DuringthequestionandanswerperiodafteroneofHoyle'slectures.HawkingstoodupandpointedoutthatHoylehadmadeamistakeinhismaths.Oncethemathswascorrected,itshowedthatthebigbangtheorywassoonprovenbyastronomerswithtelescopes.Astarwasborn.HowwasHawking'sowntheoryprovencorrect?Hawking’sownworkonthebigbangtheorywasprovenbyastronomerswithtelescopes.Passage2

Aworldofpurethou14So,whatmadeStephenHawkingagenius?Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.Furthermore,hewasquitedetermined.Thishadhelpedhimasascientist,andhadhelpedhimevenmoreinhisfightagainsthisdisease.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.Thisoddcombinationofcharacteristicshadmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofthe20thand21stcenturies.Summary:BecauseHawkingwasdetermined,hewasabletosucceedeventhoughhewasill.bebrilliantbebravebedeterminedbewillingtoadmithisfaultsPassage2

Aworldofpurethought

純粹思考中的世界So,whatmadeStephenHawking15StephenHawkingworkedas...Hisimage...HisachievementThefirstwas______________,whichholdsthat______________.Theotherwas________________,whichholdsthat_______________.oneofthemostfamousandgiftedscientistsinphysicsinhiswheelchair,unabletomove,useacomputertotalktwotheoriesontheoriginoftheuniversethesteadystatetheorytheuniversehasnobeginningorend.thebigbangtheorytheuniversebeganatasinglepointintimeandspace.Fillintheblanks,finishthesummaryofAworldofpurethought.Passage2Aworldofpurethought

純粹思考中的世界oneofthemostfamousandgif16Studythelanguageandstructure.1.Underlinethelinkingwordsandphrasesinthepassages,anddescribetheirfunction.Linkingwords:And,because,after,that,notonly…butalso…,or,what,when,ect.2.Whatisthefunctionofeachparagraphinthepassages?Eachparagraphofthearticleisorganizedaroundthetopicofthearticle.3.FindWordsthatdescribethepersonalitiesofthescientists.Howdothestoriesaboutscientistshelpillustratethesepersonalities?Patriotic,devoted,determined,knowledgeable,creative,brave,ect.Thestoriesgivespecificexamplestoshowthepersonalitiesofthescientists.分析人物傳記語篇的選材特點。（人物傳記通常選取典型事件，用以突出人物的個性和品質。）分析人物傳記語篇中的銜接詞。（人物傳記的邏輯銜接包括上述表示時間和空間關系，轉折關系，因果關系等的銜接詞語，這些形式詞語的使用使得文章連貫順暢。）分析人物傳記語篇的結構。Studythelanguageandstructu17重點句型1.StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousandgiftedscientistsinphysics.斯蒂芬·霍金是物理學上最著名和最有天賦的科學家之一。【詞匯精講】giftedadj.有天賦的;有天才的;天資聰慧的Heisoneofthemostgiftedplayersintheworld.他是世界上最有天賦的運動員之一。Brownwaswitty,amusingandgiftedwithasharpbusinessbrain.布朗機智詼諧,天生具有敏銳的商業頭腦。【詞匯拓展】giftn.禮物;天賦haveagiftfor有……的天賦Manyofthemhaveagiftfordancing.他們中的許多人擁有跳舞的天分。重點句型1.StephenHawkingwasone18重點句型【詞匯拓展】comeacross偶然遇到

comeabout發生cometo恢復常態；共計；達到(某種狀況)

comeupwith提出(主語是人)

comeup提出(主語是建議等)IcameacrossmyformerEnglishteacherinthestreetyesterday.我昨天在街上遇到了我以前的英語老師。Theheadmasterwantstoknowhowtheaccidentcameabout.校長想知道事故是怎么發生的。【詞匯精講】comedownwith患(病);染上(小病)Thomascamedownwithchickenpoxattheweekend.托馬斯在周末染上了水痘。Hemusthavecomedownwithabadcold,forhehasgotasorethroat.他一定是感冒了,因為他嗓子痛。2.Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.由于他得了一種疾病，使他失去了大部分肌肉的使用，他的世界變成了一個抽象的思想。Keys1.cameup2.comeupwith3.camedownwith重點句型【詞匯拓展】【詞匯精講】2.Sinceheca19重點句型3.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.最重要的是,霍金愿意承認自己的錯誤。【詞匯精講】aboveall最重要的是;尤其Heishardworking,cheerful,andaboveallhonest.他勤奮、樂觀,最重要的是誠實。OldMrSmithwasbelovedbyall,andaboveallbythechildren.史密斯老先生為眾人所愛戴,尤其是受到孩子們的愛戴。【詞匯拓展】allinall整體說來;總而言之 inall全部;合計afterall畢竟;終究atall(否定句)一點也不;(疑問句)到底;究竟Keys1.aboveall2.afterall3.Allinall4.atall重點句型3.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswi201.shadow:n.影子，陰影，背光處intheshadow在陰暗處in/undertheshadowof在...陰影下ashadowof少許2.pour:vt.倒出,倒入,傾瀉,斟(飲料),潑向+方位介詞表示不同動作3.patriotic:adj.愛國的→patrioticallyadv.愛國地→patriotismn.愛國主義arouseone'spatrioticminds激起某人的愛國之心apatrioticact=anactofpatriotism愛國行為4.outstanding:adj.優秀的,杰出的,明顯的anoutstandingyoungworkerawardoutstandingachievement/service5.concrete:adj.具體的，混凝土制的n.混凝土1.一個很奇怪的現象2.在......上施壓3.被壓力移除4.以......的形式5.一位備受尊重的人6.把......轉向......7.幫助開展重要的研究8.打消某人做某事的念頭9.接受挑戰10.追溯到...11.很博學12.在科研的前言領域13.科學的精神averystrangephenomenonputsomepressureonsthtakethepressureoffintheformof...anextremelywell-respectedmanswitch...to...helpconductimportantresearchdiscouragesbfromdoingsthtakeonthechallenge(sth)betracedbackto...beextremelyknowledgeableintheareaoffrontierscienceresearchthesc