第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學年遼寧省沈陽市級重點高中聯(lián)合體高二（下）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）A閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

FAMOUSCHINESEPAINTINGS，ARTISTICTREASURESWiththousandsofyearsofcontinuoushistory，Chinaisoneofthemostuniquenations.Overmanycenturies，Chineseartistshavecreatedpaintingsthatarenowintheheartsofmorethanabillionpeople.

NymphoftheLuoRiver—GuKaizhi

ThelegendhasitthatCaoZhi，aprinceofthestateofCaoWei，fellinlovewiththegovernor'sdaughter.However，shemarriedhisbrother，CaoPi，andtheprincebecameupset.Later，hecomposedanemotionalpoemaboutthelovebetweenthegoddessandcommonpeople.Inthe4thcentury，GuKaizhi，aChineseartist，wasmovedbythestoryandillustratedthepoem.

CourtLadiesAdorningTheirHairwithFlowers——ZhouFang

DuringtheTangDynasty，Chinahadaprosperouseconomyandflourishingculture.Inthisperiod，thegenreof"beautifulwomenpainting"enjoyedpopularity.Comingfromanoblebackground，ZhouFang，aChineseartist，createdartworksinthisgenre.Inhispainting，theladiesstandasthoughtheywerefashionmodels，butoneofthemisentertainingherselfbyteasingacutedog.

AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival——ZhangZeduan

ZhangZeduandepictedthelandscapeinhisworkAlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival.However，insteadofconcentratingonthevastnessofnature，hecapturedthedailylifeofthepeopleofBianjing，present-dayKaifeng.HisworkshowsmuchaboutlifeintheNorthernSongDynasty.

AThousandLiofRiversandMountains—WangXimeng

Notonlydidofficialsandscholarsenjoylisteningtomusic，buttheyalsofoundpleasureindepictingnature.OnesuchpainterwasWangXimeng.Hewasaprodigy.WangXimengpaintedAThousandLiofRiversandMountainswhenhewasonlyseventeenyearsold.Hediedattheageoftwenty，butheleftoneofthelargestandmostbeautifulpaintingsinChinesehistory.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？______A.ZhouFangpaintedfashionmodelsinhispainting.

B.NymphoftheLuoRiverisapoemwrittenbyCaoZhi.

C.WangXimengcreatedhismasterpiecetwoyearsbeforehedied.

D.ZhangZeduan'spaintingwassetintheNorthernSongDynastv.2.Whichisthebestchoiceifyouwanttoenjoyapaintingshowingthebeautyofnature？______A.NymphoftheLuoRiver——GuKaizhi

B.CourtLadiesAdorningTheirHairwithFlowers——ZhouFang

C.AThousandLiofRiversandMountains——WangXimeng

D.AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival——ZhangZeduan3.Whichpartofamagazinecanthispassagecomefrom？______A.Business. B.Culture. C.Travel. D.Lifestyle.BYes，studycomeshardtoyou，mydearEnrico，asyourmothersays.IdonotyetseeyousetoutforschoolwiththatdeterminedmindandthatsmilingfacewhichIshouldlike.Youarestillstubborn.Butlisten；reflectalittle!Whatamiserablethingyourdaywouldbeifyoudidnotgotoschool!Attheendofaweekyouwouldbegwithtearsthatyoumightreturnthere，foryouwouldbeeatenupwithboredomandshame；disgustedwithyoursportsandwithyourexistence.

Everybody，everybodystudiesnow，mychild.Thinkoftheworkmenwhogotoschoolintheeveningafterhavingworkedhardalltheday；thinkofthewomen，ofthegirls，ofthepeople，whogotoschoolonSunday，afterhavingworkedalltheweek；ofthesoldierswhoturntotheirbooksandcopy-bookswhentheyreturnexhaustedfromtheirdrill!Thinkofthedumbandoftheboyswhoareblind，butwhostudy，nevertheless.Thinkoftheinnumerableboyswho，atnearlythisprecisehour，aregoingtoschoolinallcountries.Beholdthemwithyourimagination，alone，incouples，ingroups，inlonglines，allwiththeirbooksundertheirarms，dressedinathousandways，speakingathousandtongues，fromthemostremoteschoolsinRussiaalmostlostintheicetothefurthermostschoolsofArabia，shadedbypalm-trees，millionsandmillions，allgoingtolearnthesamethings，inahundredvariedforms.Imaginethisvast，vastcrowdofboysofahundredraces，thisgreatmovementofwhichyouformapart，andthink，ifthismovementweretocease，humanitywouldfallbackintobarbarism（野蠻）；thismovementistheprogress，thehope，thegloryoftheworld.

Courage，then，littlesoldieroftheimmense（龐大的）army.Yourbooksareyourarms，yourclassisyoursquadron（中隊），thefieldofbattleisthewholeearth，andthevictoryishumancivilization.Benotacowardlysoldier，myEnrico.4.WhatdoweknowaboutEnrico？______A.Hedislikessports. B.Heisgoodatself-reflection.

C.Hefeelsashamedofhimself. D.Heisunwillingtogotoschool.5.Whydoesthefathermentionsomanypeopleinparagraph2？______A.Topresentafact. B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Tomakeaprediction. D.Tosupportanargument.6.What'sthefundamentaltuneofthetext？______A.Annoying. B.Inspiring. C.Worrying. D.Relaxing.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext？______A.Toexpressafather'scomplaints.

B.Tostresstheimportanceofeducation.

C.TopersuadeEnricotovaluehisstudy.

D.Topromotetheparent-childrelationship.CMedicineisnotonlyahumaninvention.Manyotheranimalshavebeenknowntoself-medicatewithplantsandmineralsforinfectionsandotherconditions.

BehaviouralecologistHelenMorrogh-Bernardhasspentdecadesstudyingorangutans（猩猩）andsaysshehasnowfoundevidencethattheyuseplantsinamedicinalway.

Morroghandhercolleagueswatched10orangutansoccasionallychewaparticularplantwhichisnotpartoftheirnormaldietintoafoamylather（泡沫）andthenrubitintotheirfur.Theorangutansspentupto45minutesatatimemassagingthemixtureontotheirupperarmsorlegs.Theresearchersbelievethisbehaviouristhefirstknownexampleusingapainkiller.

Localpeopleusethesameplant，Dracaenacantleyi，totreatachesandpains.Morrogh'sco-authorsstudieditschemistry.Theyaddedextracts（汁）fromtheplanttohumancellsthathadbeengrowninadishandhadbeenartificiallystimulatedtoproducecytokines（細胞因子）thatcauseinflammation（炎癥）anddiscomfort.Theplantextractreducedtheproductionofseveraltypesofcytokines.thescientistsreportedthefindinginastudypublishedlastNovemberinScientificReports.

Theresultssuggestthatorangutansusetheplanttoreduceinflammationandtreatpain.Suchfindingscouldhelpidentifyplantsandchemicalsthatmightbeusefulforhumanmedications.

Increaturessuchasinsects，theabilitytoself-medicateisalmostcertainlyinnate；woollybears（燈蛾毛蟲）infectedwithfliesseekoutandeatplantsubstancespoisonoustotheflies.Butmorecomplexanimalsmaylearnsuchtricksafteraninitialdiscoverybyonememberoftheirgroup.

Forexample，anorangutanmayhaverubbedtheplantonitsskintotrytotreatparasites（寄生蟲）andrealisedthatitalsohadapleasantpain-killingeffect.Thatbehaviourmaythenhavebeenpassedontootherorangutans.Becausethistypeofself-medicationisseenonlyinsouth-centralBorneo，Morroghsays，itwasprobablylearnedlocally.8.WhydoorangutanschewDracaenacantlevi？______A.Tohavetheirnormaldiet.

B.Toself-medicate.

C.Toscareotheranimalsaway..

D.Topassonamessagetootherorangutans.9.Howcanthefindingsbenefithumanbeings？______A.Theycanhelpvetstreatpets.

B.Theycanhelpscientistsstudyorangutans.

C.Theycanhelpbotanistslearnmoreaboutplants.

D.Theycanhelppeoplefindnewresourcesforhumanmedication.10.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword"innate"inParagraph6？______A.Obtainable. B.Sociable. C.Natural. D.Professional.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext？______A.Orangutansuseplantextractstotreatpain.

B.Humansandanimalshavealotincommon.

C.Aplanthasbeenfoundusefulforhumanmedication.

D.Morrogh-Bernardandhercolleagueshavebeenobservingorangutans.DBlacktaxishavebeenacommonsightinLondonfordecades.NowthesetaxisandtheirdrivershavebecomethefocusofanewexplorationintoAlzheimer's（阿茲海默癥）.Forthoseontheoutside,itmayseemthatbehindthewheeloftheseblacktaxisarejustregularpeoplewhohelpmoveustoourdestinations.ButwithintheirbrainsisamapofLondon'sstreetsthathasputGPStechnologytoshamefordecades.

"TheKnowledge"，thetestforLondon'staxidrivers,standsamongthehardestmentalexaminationsonecouldeverundergo.Itinvolvesrecallinginformationrepeatedlyfromthememoryofminutederailsabout56，0000streetsinLondon,fromTrafalgarSquaretothetiniestresidentiallanes.

Normally,thehippocampus（海馬體）feelstheeffectsofAlzheimer'smost.UniversityCollegeLondonandAlzheimer'sResearchUKarestudyingthesetaxidrivers'brains,asithasbeenfoundthatthehippocampuscontrollingthebrain'sshort-termmemoryandspatial（空間的）memorysystemsisenlargedintheirbrains.Moreover,thetaxidrivers'hippocampicontinuetoenlargeastheygoondoingthejobformoreyears,suggestingthatperhapsthere'ssomethingwecandotoreproducetheeffectinthegeneralpopulation.

LeadresearcherHugoSpierswaspartoftheteamwhich20yearsagofoundthat,likebirdsandsquirrels,thetaxidrivers'hippocampigraduallygotbigger.Indeed,researchhasfoundforyearsthatanyanimalthatrequiresadetailedspatialknowledgeoftheirterritoryexperiencesgrowthinthehippocampus.

Spiers'teamhopestodealwithAlzheimer'sbystudyingthetaxidrivers'brains.Tocollectmoreinformationonthemechanisms（機制）thatcausethe"braingain".SpiershasaskedthirtyofLondon'staxidriversconnectedtoanMRImachinetodrivearoundontheirroutes.Themachinewillallowtheresearcherstogatherrealtimeobservationsoftheworkingsofthehippocampus."It'sbeenajoytohelpscientistsfightwiththedisease,"saidtaxidriverRobertLordan.12.Whatcanwesayabout"TheKnowledge"？______A.Itlastsforafewminutesonly.

B.ItisusuallyheldinLondon'sbusystreets.

C.Itisagreatchallengetopeople'smemory.

D.ItinvitessomeresidentsinLondontobejudges.13.Whathasbeenfoundaboutthetaxidrivers'hippocampi？______A.Theyaremorelikelytobeharmed.

B.Theygrowinthetaxidrivers'careers.

C.Theybenefitfromdailycommunicationmost.

D.Theyarepooratcontrollingshort-termmemory.14.Whydoestheauthormentiontheresearchonanimals？______A.Toimplythenewstudybenefitstheanimalkingdomaswell.

B.Topointoutthatmorestudiesonanimals'brainsareneeded.

C.Toshowanimals'hippocampiareverydifferentfromhumans'.

D.Toprovetheuseofcertainknowledgeinfluencesbraindevelopment.15.WhydotheresearchersobservethetaxidriverswithanMRImachine？______A.Tofigureoutwhohasthelargesthippocampus.

B.ToknowhowAlzheimer'sdevelopsintheirbrains.

C.Tofindouthowtheirhippocampiperformatwork.

D.Totestwhetherthespecialmachineiseffective.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Activelisteningisawayofcommunicatingthatcanincreaseunderstandingbetweenaspeakerandalistener.（1）______Itshowsrespectandconsiderationforthepersonspeaking.

Activelisteningisveryusefulforfamilymembers.Familymembersoftendevelopbadlisteninghabits.Theyreacttoeachotherbasedonwhattheyexpecttheotherpersontosayratherthanonwhatisactuallysaid.（2）______

Activelisteningcanalsobeusefulintheworkplace.Miscommunicationorlackofunderstandingbetweenco-workerscanleadtohurtfeelings，whichinturncanmakeitdifficultforpeopletoworktogether.Activelisteningcansolvesuchissuesandcreategreaterunderstandingandteamspiritamongco-workers.

Forexample，someoneisunexpectedlyrudetotheirco-worker，orseemsinconsiderateoftheirneeds.Theco-workermightfeelhurt，ortheymightbecomeangryandbegintodislikethatperson.Activelisteningcanhelpresolvesuchproblems.Itallowsapersontosayhowtheyfeelabouttheirco-worker'sbehaviour.（3）______

Itcouldbethattherudeco-workerwasgoingthroughadifficulttimeathomeoronthejobandwasunawareofhowbadhisorherbehaviourwas.（4）______Andhealsogainsthatco-worker'sappreciationfortheirwillingnesstolisten.Inthisway，situationsthatcouldturnintomajorconflictsinsteadleadtogreaterunderstanding.

Sometimespeopledonotcommunicatewiththosetheyareclosetobecausetheyfeartheotherperson'sreaction.Ratherthansaying，forexample，"Itreallyhurtsmyfeelingswhenyoubehavelikethatway"，thepartnermightsaynothingatallinordertoavoidafight.（5）______Ifthepartnersactivelylistentoeachother，though，theycanfullyexplainhowtheyfeel，andthiscanhelpavoidanyhurtfeelings.

A.Sothefamilycanbeexpectedtobeharmonious.

B.Activelisteningprovidesawaytobreakthispattern.

C.Itsgoalistohaveanopensharingofideasandfeelings.

D.However，thehurtfeelingsremainandcanbuildupovertime.

E.Youcanbesurethatco-worker'sproblemsmustallbesolved.

F.Meanwhiletheco-workerisgivenachancetoexplainandmaybeevenapologise.

G.Bylisteningrespectfully，anotherpersonmightlearnmoreaboutthatco-worker'ssituation.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

Myhighschoollifewasaveryfulfillingone.Apartfromstudyinginclass，Igotapart-timejobatalocal（1）______shop.Ihopeditwouldbeeasy，andforthemostpart，（2）______.Iimaginedmyselfpouringcoffeeandbecomingclosefriendswithmycustomers.

ButwhatIhadn't（3）______wasthepeoplewithsomanyordersandthemomentswhenIcouldn'tseemto（4）______anyone.Therewasalwaystoomuchsugar，toolittleice，ornotenoughskimmilk.（5）______，Ikeptatit.

Oneday，oneofmycustomersdroppedin，（6）______.Beforeheleft，Ihandedhimabagalongwithhisicedcoffee.Helookedatme（7）______becausehehadorderednothingbutthecoffee.Heopenedthebagandsawhisfavouritedoughnut（甜甜圈）Ihad（8）______him.Hesmiledandthankedmebefore（9）______outintotherain.

Thenextevening，hecame.Insteadof（10）______something，hehandedmeasinglepinkroseandanote."Thanksforbeingsosweetand（11）______yesterday.Itissonicetomeetsomeonewhoiswarm.Please（12）______yourwaysbecauseItrulybelievethatyouwilldobetter.Haveagreatday!"

Astimewenton，Idid（13）______somecustomersreallyparticular.ButwheneverIfeltcastdown，thatmanandhiskindnesswouldoccurtome.ThenIwould（14）______，holdmyheaduphigh，clearmythroatandaskpolitely，"HowcanI（15）______you？"21.

A.fashion B.bakery C.coffee D.furniture22.

A.flexible B.romantic C.pressure-free D.back-breaking23.

A.detected B.expected C.grasped D.managed24.

A.satisfy B.reach C.recognise D.convince25.

A.Moreover B.Hence C.Instead D.However26.

A.intelligent B.depressed C.excited D.energetic27.

A.angrily B.vividly C.gratefully D.questioningly28.

A.assigned B.offered C.awarded D.lent29.

A.stepping B.coming C.storming D.sliding30.

A.reporting B.whispering C.ordering D.obtaining31.

A.considerate B.tolerant

C.outgoing D.straightforward32.

A.regulate B.change C.maintain D.enhance33.

A.inquireabout B.hearof C.knockinto D.comeacross34.

A.pray B.smile C.inspire D.sigh35.

A.treat B.help C.contact D.thank四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

Thephrasebailangainspopularityassevere（1）______（compete）andsocialexpectationsleavemanyyoungpeopledisappointed.

OnChina'sInternet，someyoungpeoplesaytheirambitionscan't（2）______（achieve）andmanyofthemhavegivenupontrying.Frustratedby（3）______mountinguncertaintiesandlackofeconomicopportunities，theyarcresortingtoanewbuzzword——bailan（letitrotinEnglish）——tocapturetheirattitude（4）______life.

Thephrasebailan，（5）______hasitsorigininNBAgames，meansavoluntaryretreat（后退）frompursuingcertaingoalsbecauseonerealisestheyaresimplytoodifficulttoachieve.InAmericanbasketball，itoftenreferstoa（6）______（player）deliberatelossofagameinordertogetabetterdraftpick.

OnWeibo，thebailan-relatedtopics（7）______（generate）hundredsofmillionsofreadsanddiscussionssinceMarch.Netizensalsocreateddifferentvariationsofthebailanattitude."PropertiesinShanghaitooexpensive？Fine，I'lljustrentallmylife，sinceIcan'tafforditifIonlyearna（8）______（month）salaryanyway，"onegrumbled.

Statemediahavetakennoteofthistrend."WhydomodernyoungChineseliketo'bailan'？"onerecentarticleinofficialmediaoutletasked."Infact，thisisasaresultofnegativeautosuggestion，repeatedly（9）______（tell）oneselfIcannotmakeit.Andthiskindofmentalityoften（10）______（lead）peopletoadoptthe'bailan'attitude."(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）37.假定你是李華，一周前你在一家電腦專賣店買了一臺電腦，僅用了三天就出現(xiàn)了各種問題。請你就此事給該店經理寫封郵件投訴。

內容包括：

（1）介紹購物的情況；

（2）反映存在的問題；

（3）提出解決的方案。

注意：

（1）詞數80左右；

（2）可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

DearSir/Madam，

_______

Yours，LiHua38.閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。

???????

Krone'sinterestinmusicbeganinmiddleschool,andafterrepeatedrequestsandapromisetostudyhardandgetintothebesthighschool,hegothisparentstobuyhimashabbyoldwoodenguitar.Hekeptpracticing,performingwithothersandcomposinghisownsongs.Helovedmusicsomuchthathedroppedoutofcollegedespitehisparents'objections.Afterthat,heparticipatedinsingingcompetitionsandsentdemos(樣片)torecordcompanies,buttheydisappearedforever.

Once,hegotachancetoperforminfrontofafamousmusician,butthemusiciantoldhimdirectlythathisvoiceandcompositionwerenotuniqueenoughtomakehimaprofessionalsinger.

Hisgrandmotherdied,andhissisterMaryrepeatedlyaskedhimtoattendthefuneral(葬禮).Onthewayhome,Maryaskedhimabouthisplansforthefuture,andhebegantofeelthathewasnotconfidentenoughtotakeupacareerinmusic,andhisfather'spoorhealthdidnotallowhimtoleavehomeagain.

Afterarrivinghome,Kronesawthethinandweakfather,whoarguedafewwordsabouthisfuture,whichmadehimfeelthathisfatherwouldnotunderstandhim.Later,hissistertoldhimthat,infact,dadsupportedhisfreedevelopment,soKronedecidedtotalktodadagain.Butwhenhewalkedbackhomeandlookedathisfatherthroughthewindow,hesawthathisfatherhadplacedthefamilyknivesaway,asiffeelingsorryfornotpassingonthefamilybusinessstartedbygrandfatherwiththeshopnamed"FishSong".Kronefeltguiltyandsad.Shouldheinheritthefamilybusiness,orfindawaytodevelopthefishbusiness?

Nextmorning,MaryshookKroneoutofhissleepandtoldhimthatfatherfaintedinthemarket.Thedoctorthoughtthatfathershouldtakeafewmoredaysoff,buthedidn'tagree.Hereallydidn'twanttoclosetheshop.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數應為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

Kroneofferedtohelp,whichsurprisedeveryone,especiallyfather.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ItwastimeforKronetomakeupthedecision.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、C、B【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival—ZhangZeduan部分的However，insteadofconcentratingonthevastnessofnature，hecapturedthedailylifeofthepeopleofBianjing，present-dayKaifeng.HisworkshowsmuchaboutlifeintheNorthernSongDynasty.（然而，他沒有專注于大自然的浩瀚，而是捕捉了汴京（今天的開封）人民的日常生活。他的作品反映了北宋時期的生活）可知，張擇端的《清明上河圖》以北宋為背景。故選D。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據AThousandLiofRiversandMountains—WangXimeng部分的Notonlydidofficialsandscholarsenjoylisteningtomusictbuttheyalsofoundpleasureindepictingnature.（官員和學者不僅喜歡聽音樂，他們也從描繪自然中找到樂趣）可知，如果你想欣賞一幅展現(xiàn)自然美的畫，王希孟的《千里江山圖》是最好的選擇。故選C。

（3）文章出處題。根據文章標題FAMOUSCHINESEPAINTINGS，ARTISTICTREASURES（國畫名畫，藝術珍品）及第一段Withthousandsofyearsofcontinuoushistory，Chinaisoneofthemostuniquenations.Overmanycenturies，Chineseartistshavecreatedpaintingsthatarenowintheheartsofmorethanabillionpeople.（中國擁有數千年的連續(xù)歷史，是世界上文化最獨特的國家之一。幾個世紀以來，中國藝術家創(chuàng)作的繪畫作品如今在10億多人心中流傳）以及下文內容可知，文章主要介紹了四幅中國知名畫家的作品。由此推知，這篇文章可能出自雜志的文化部分。故選B。

這篇短文主要介紹了中國著名的繪畫藝術珍品。文章提到中國擁有數千年的歷史，是一個獨特的國家。中國藝術家創(chuàng)作的繪畫作品深入人心，影響了超過十億人。文章列舉了幾幅著名的中國繪畫作品，包括《洛神賦圖》、《畫堂秋思圖》、《清明上河圖》和《千里江山圖》。這些作品分別描繪了不同的主題和時代背景，展示了中國繪畫的多樣性和藝術價值。

1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉換。3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。

4~7.【答案】D、D、B、C【解析】（1）D.推理判斷題。根據第一段中的I

do

not

yet

see

you

set

out

for

school

with

that

determined

mind

and

that

smiling

face

which

I

should

like.（我還沒有看到你像我所希望的那樣意志堅定，帶著微笑去學校。）可推知，Enrico不愿意去上學。故選D。

（2）D.推理判斷題。根據第二段首句Everybody，everybody

studies

now，my

child.（每個人，現(xiàn)在每個人都在學習，我的孩子。）指出每個人都在學習，下文Think

of

the

workmen

who

go

to

school

in

the

evening

after

having

worked

hard

all

the

day；think

of

the

women，of

the

girls，of

the

people，who

go

to

school

on

Sunday，after

having

worked

all

the

week；of

the

soldiers

who

turn

to

their

books

and

copy-books

when

they

return

exhausted

from

their

drill!Think

of

the

dumb

and

of

the

boys

who

are

blind，but

who

study，nevertheless.Think

of

the

innumerable

boys

who，at

nearly

this

precise

hour，are

going

to

school

in

all

countries.（想想工人們辛苦勞作一天后，晚上還去學校學習；想想婦女和普通百姓家的女孩們，她們勞動了一周，星期日還去上學；想想那些兵，他們筋疲力盡地從操練場上回來，還照樣看書做作業(yè)；想想那些說不了話、雙目失明的孩子，他們卻也仍在學習。想想世界各地數不盡數的孩子們，就在這一時刻，也正在趕往學校的路上。）通過提到不同的人都在學習來支持上文的觀點。故選D。

（3）B.推理判斷題。根據文章內容，結合最后一段中的Courage，then，little

soldier

of

the

immense（龐大的）

army.（那么，鼓足勇氣吧，這支大軍中的小戰(zhàn)士。）以及Be

not

a

cowardly

soldier，my

Enrico.（不要做膽怯的士兵，我的Enrico。）可知，文章是鼓勵不愿意去上學的Enrico，全文是鼓舞人心的基調。結合選項A.Annoying.討厭的；B.Inspiring.鼓舞人心的；C.Worrying.令人擔心的；D.Relaxing.放松的。故選B。

（4）C.寫作意圖題。根據第一段中的What

a

miserable

thing

your

day

would

be

if

you

did

not

go

to

school!（如果你不到學校里去，你每天要怎樣地悲慘啊！）及第二段中的Imagine

this

vast，vast

crowd

of

boys

of

a

hundred

races，this

great

movement

of

which

you

form

a

part，and

think，if

this

movement

were

to

cease，humanity

would

fall

back

into

barbarism（野蠻）；this

movement

is

the

progress，the

hope，the

glory

of

the

world.（想象一下這個由上百個種族的孩子組成的龐大的群體，這個浩浩蕩蕩的行動大軍，而你也是其中的一員；想一想，如果這個行動停止了，人類將會退回到野蠻的狀態(tài)。這個行動是世界的進步、希望和榮耀。）可知，本文是父母寫給不愿意去上學的Enrico信，目的是說服Enrico珍惜自己的學習。故選C。

本文是一篇記敘文，文章摘自世界名著《愛的教育》，是Enrico父母寫給不愿意去上學的Enico的信，讓他珍惜學習的機會。

1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉換。3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。

8~11.【答案】B、D、C、A【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。由第三段Morroghandhercolleagueswatched10orangutansoccasionallychewaparticularplant（whichisnotpartoftheirnormaldiet）intoafoamylather（泡沫）andthenrubitintotheirfur.Theapesspentupto45minutesatatimemassagingthemixtureontotheirupperarmsorlegs.Theresearchersbelievethisbehavioristhefirstknownexampleusingapainkiller（Morrogh和她的同事觀察了10只猩猩偶爾將一種植物（這不是它們正常飲食的一部分）咀嚼成泡沫狀，然后摩擦到皮毛上。類人猿每次花45分鐘在上臂或腿上按摩這種混合物。研究人員認為，這種行為是已知的第一個使用止痛藥的例子），第四段中的Localpeopleusethesameplant，Dracaenacantleyi，totreatachesandpains.（當地人用同一種植物龍血樹來治療疼痛）"和第五段中的"Theresultssuggestthatorangutansusetheplanttoreduceinflammationandtreatpain.（結果表明，紅毛猩猩使用這種植物來減輕炎癥和治療疼痛）可知，紅毛猩猩會咀嚼龍血樹是為了減輕炎癥和治療疼痛，進行自我治療。故選B。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的Suchfindingscouldhelpidentifyplantsandchemicalsthatmightbeusefulforhumanmedications.（這些發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于確定可能對人類藥物有用的植物和化學品）可知，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可以幫助人們找到人類藥物治療的新資源。故選D。

（3）詞句猜測題。由第六段Increaturessuchasinsects，theabilitytoself-medicateisalmostcertainly

innate；woollybear（燈蛾毛蟲）infectedwithfliesseekoutandeatplantsubstancespoisonoustotheflies.Butmorecomplexanimalsmaylearnsuchtricksafteraninitialdiscoverybyonememberoftheirgroup.（在昆蟲等生物中，自我治療的能力幾乎可以肯定是innate；感染了蒼蠅的燈蛾毛蟲尋找并食用對蒼蠅有毒的植物物質。但更復雜的動物可能會在小組中的一名成員初步發(fā)現(xiàn)后學會這些技巧）可知，感染了蒼蠅的燈蛾毛蟲尋找并食用對蒼蠅有毒的植物物質進行自我治療，有些動物還會學習族群內成員發(fā)現(xiàn)的自我治療方法，可得出在昆蟲等生物中，自我治療的能力幾乎可以肯定是"天生的（innate）"，與natural同義。A.Obtainable.可獲得的；B.Sociable.社交的；C.Natural.自然的；D.Professional.專業(yè)的。故選C。

（4）主旨大意題。由第二段BehavioralecologistHelenMorrogh-Bernardhasspentdecadesstudyingorangutans（猩猩）andsaysshehasnowfoundevidencetheyuseplantsinamedicinalway.（行為生態(tài)學家HelenMorrogh-Bernard花了幾十年時間研究紅毛猩猩，她說，她現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)了紅毛猩猩將植物用于藥用的證據），第三段Morroghandhercolleagueswatched10orangutansoccasionallychewaparticularplant（whichisnotpartoftheirnormaldiet）intoafoamylather（泡沫）andthenrubitintotheirfur.Theapesspentupto45minutesatatimemassagingthemixtureontotheirupperarmsorlegs.Theresearchersbelievethisbehavioristhefirstknownexampleusingapainkiller（Morrogh和她的同事觀察了10只猩猩偶爾將一種植物（這不是它們正常飲食的一部分）咀嚼成泡沫狀，然后摩擦到皮毛上。類人猿每次花45分鐘在上臂或腿上按摩這種混合物。研究人員認為，這種行為是已知的第一個使用止痛藥的例子），第四段Localpeopleusethesameplant，Dracaenacantleyi，totreatachesandpains.（當地人用同一種植物龍血樹來治療疼痛）和第五段Theresultssuggestthatorangutansusetheplanttoreduceinflammationandtreatpain.（結果表明，紅毛猩猩使用這種植物來減輕炎癥和治療疼痛）可推知，本文講述了行為生態(tài)學家HelenMorrogh-Bernard發(fā)現(xiàn)猿類使用植物（龍血樹）提取物來治療疼痛，A項"猿類使用植物提取物來治療疼痛"符合文意。故選A。

這篇文章主要講了藥物不僅僅是人類發(fā)明的，許多其他動物也會利用植物和礦物質進行自我治療。行為生態(tài)學家Helen

Morrogh-Bernard研究了幾十年的猩猩，并表示她現(xiàn)在找到了它們使用植物進行藥物治療的證據。研究人員觀察到10只猩猩偶爾會咀嚼一種不屬于它們正常飲食的植物，將其咀嚼成泡沫狀，然后涂抹在毛發(fā)上。研究人員認為這種行為是首次發(fā)現(xiàn)的使用止痛藥的例子。當地人也使用同一種植物來治療疼痛。研究人員的化學研究表明，該植物提取物減少了多種類型的細胞因子的產生，這些細胞因子引起炎癥和不適。結果表明，猩猩使用這種植物來減輕炎癥和治療疼痛。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)可能對人類藥物有用的植物和化學物質。

1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉換。3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。

12~15.【答案】C、B、D、C【解析】（1）C.推理判斷題。根據第二段Itinvolvesreallinginformationrepeatedlyfromthememoryofminutedetailsabout56，0000streetsinLondon,fromTrafalgarSquaretothetiniestresidentiallanes.（它涉及從倫敦56萬條街道的細節(jié)記憶中反復回憶信息，從特拉法加廣場到最小的住宅小巷。）可知，TheKnowledge對人的記憶力是一個很大的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C項。

（2）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段Moreover,thetaxidrivers'hippocampicontinuetoenlargeastheygoondoingthejobformoreyears,suggestingthatperhapsthere'ssomethingwecandotoreproducetheefetinthegeneralpopulation.（此外，出租車司機的海馬體隨著他們從事這項工作多年而不斷擴大，這表明也許我們可以做些什么來在普通人群中重現(xiàn)這種影響。）可知，海馬體在出租車司機的職業(yè)生涯中成長。故選B項。

（3）D.推理判斷題。根據第四段Indeed,researchhasfoundforyearsthatanyanimalthatrequiresadetailedspatialknowledgeoftheirteritoryexperiencesgrowthinthehippocampus.（事實上，多年來的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，任何需要詳細領地空間知識的動物都會經歷海馬體的生長。）可知，作者提到動物（鳥類和松鼠）的研究是為了證明某些知識的長期使用會影響大腦