2023屆新高考英語備考復習

英藩高考命甄蠟勢分析及香

考策略英語群鹿

時網:2022耳3月60

高考英語考什么，怎么考:

—?詞匯(1600+1900):

1,熟3司生義：Mind;last;well;ache;address;against;attend;blank;

blue;cause;count;deal;develop;drive;express;escape;fail;foreign;

freeze;fresh;ground;help;hit;ill;kill;note;promise;stand;walk;

eat;game;back;out;industry；land;late;life;lose;gain；rather；salt;

second;vehicle;wear;bear;lift;long;though;fine;jump；click;push

等

2,活用：bag;visit;look;try;flood;pocket;surface;dislike;turn;eye;

mouth;nose;stomach;leg;finger;palm;skin;mother;OK；man；

what;card;breakfast;lunch;people;helicopter;nurse;bottle;corner;

hand;soil;grass等

3、短語：makebelieve;makeit;hangout;kissandtell;flattire;bound

to;clockin;joyride;springfor;fishy;dropaline;

二、英語核心語法：

1,動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)：

2,非謂語動詞；

3、主義復合句。

三、命題人心理的把握：

避免“魚香肉絲”的錯誤。

專題一謂語動詞與非謂語動詞辨析及主被動辨析的最高境界

小練習：

1(seat)inthechair,theoldmanfeelscomfortable.

2(interest)inEnglish,theoldmanwenttotheUS.

3(compare)withthewholeearth,Chinaissmall.

4(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

總結：

試比較：

1Theoldman(interest)inEnglish.

2.Theoldman(seat)inthechair.

3?Theoldman(seat)himselfinthechair.

總結:

注意：(look)beautiful,therosesweresoldoutquickly.

總結:

直擊高考：

一、語法填空

Amanwasreallyworriedabouthisson,_61_wassixteenyearsoldbuthadnocourageatall.Sothe

fatherdecidedtocallonaBuddhistmonk_62_(train)hischild.TheBuddhistmonksaidtotheboy's

father,"youshouldleaveyoursontome.Iwillmakehimamanof_63—(brave)withinthreemonths.

However,youcan'tcometoseehimduringthatperiod/9

Threemonthslater,theboy'sfatherreturned.TheBuddhistmonkarrangedaboxingmatchbetween

thechildanda(n)—64—(profession)boxer(拳擊手).Eachtimetheboxerhittheboy,hefelldown,but

atoncetheboystoodup.Severaltimeslater,theBuddhistmonkasked,"_65_doyouthinkofyour

child?”“what_66—shame!”theboy'sfathersaid."Ineverthoughthecouldbeso_67—(easy)

knockeddown.Ishouldn'thavelefthimhereatall."'Tmsorrythafsallyousee.Don'tyousee_68—

eachtimehefallsdown,hestandsupagaininsteadof_69_(cry)?Thafsthekindofcourageyou

wantedhimtohave.”

Ifeachtimeyouareknockeddownandyouhavethecouragetostandupagain,thenyoucanbeproud

—70_yourself.

二、完型填空(30分)

Soonitwouldbetheholidays,butbeforethat,therewereyearexams.Allthe_1_hadbeenworkinghardfor

sometime,reviewingtheirlessonsfortheexams.Iftheydidn't_2_,theywouldhavetoretaketheminSeptember.

Therewereusuallyafewwho_3_,butJanedidn'twanttobeoneofthem.Shehadworkedhardallyear,_4_just

beforetheexamsshewasworkingsohardthathersisterBarbarawas_5_abouther.Shewenttobedtoo_6_?The

nightbeforethefirstexam,Barbara_7_thatshehaveanearlynightandtakea_8_pill.Shepromisedtowake

_9_upinthemorning.

Asshewasfallingasleep,Janewasafraidthatshemightoversleep.Her_10—keptjumpingfromsubjectto

subject.Atlast,withthehelpof_11_,shewenttosleep.Innotimeatall,shewassittingintheexaminationhall,

lookingattheexamination_12—,butshecouldn'tansweranyofthequestions._13_aroundherwaswritingpages

andpages.Hard_14_shethought,shecouldn'tfindanythingtowrite_15_.Shekeptlookingather_16_.Time

wasrunningout.Therewasonlyanhourtogo.Shestartedonequestion,wrotetwosentences,_17_andtriedanother

one.Withonlyhalfanhourleftshewroteanothertwosentences.Bythistimeshewassoworriedthatshestarted_18—,

Herwholebodyshook.Itshooksomuchthatshe_19_up.Shewasstillinbedandithadallbeena_20_dream.A

minutelater,Barbaracalledhername.

1.A.teachersB.studentsC.classmatesD.schools

2.A.prepareB?missC.joinD)?pass

3.A.succeededB.failedC.endedD.called

4.A.butB.soC.andD.because

5.A.excitedB.frightenedC.worriedD.pleased

6.A.earlyB.lateC.heavilyD.eagerly

7.A.insistedB.hopedC.orderedD.wished

8.A.sleepingB.restingC.excitingD.breathing

9.A.himB.herC.themD.herself

10.A.handB.eyeC.mindD.body

11.A.hersisterB.herparentsC.thelessonsD.themedicine

12.A.resultB.marksC.deskD.paper

13.A.TheteacherB.ThestudentsC.NooneD.Everyone

14.A.ifB.asC.soD.how

15.A.withB.aboutC.onD.to

16.A.watchB.textbookC.sisterD.subject

17.A.gaveupB?putoffC.lookedaroundD.thoughtover

18.A.examiningB.leavingC.copyingD.crying

19.A.raisedB.wokeC.stoodD.cheered

20.A.niceB.wonderfulC.terribleD.special

專題二動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)最到位理解法

一、一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的辨析：

試翻譯:

Iplayedfootball.

Ihaveplayedfootball.

IlivedinLondonforthreeyears.

IhavelivedinLondonforthreeyears.

總結：

二、涉及參照物的兩種時態(tài)：

1.過去將來時：2.過去完成時：

三、一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的辨析：

試翻譯：

Iplayfootball.

Ihavebeenplayingfootball.

四、一般過去時與過去完成時的辨析：

試比較：

Tomplayedfootballyesterday.

Tomsaidthathehadplayedfootballyesterday.

小練習：

1-Whyareyourhandssodirty?

-Well,Iinthegarden.

A.workedB.haveworkedC.wasworkingD.havebeenworking

2-Hi,John!WelcomebacktoChina!YourspokenEnglishisreallyfluent!

-Well,IinLondonforalmostnineyears.

A.livedB.havelivedC.havebeenlivingD.hadlived

3-MayIspeaktoJohn,please?

-Sorry,hehereanymore.Heleftlastmonth.

A.doesn'tworkB.hasn'tworkedC.didn'tworkD.hadn'tworked

直擊高考：

一、語法填空：閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬热?1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。

Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout61(be)lateforschool.

Thereweremanypeople62werewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxious

and63(disappoint).whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext64thewindow,

soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike65(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethe

busandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,buthedidn't

want66(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept67(ride).Hewascarryingsomething

overhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranupthedoorofthebus.

Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,68anyoneloseasuitcaseatthe

laststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,uOh,dear!It's69(l)J,.Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtook

thesuitcasethankfully.Fiveothersonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddoneandthecrowd

ofstrangers70(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.

二、閱讀理解

WhenIwasabout12,1hadanenemy,agirlwholikedtopointoutmyshortcomings(缺點).Weekbyweekherlist

grew;Iwasverythin,Iwasn'tagoodstudent,Italkedtoomuch,Iwastooproud,andsoon.Itriedtohearallthisas

longasIcould.Atlast,Ibecameveryangry.Irantomyfatherwithtearsinmy

eyes.

Helistenedtomequietly,thenheasked."Arethethingsshesaystrueornot?Janet,didn'tyoueverwonderwhat

you'rereallylike?Well,younowhavethatgirl'sopinion.Goandmakealistofeverythingshesaidandmarkthepoints

thataretrue.Paynoattentiontotheotherthingsshesaid.”

Ididashetoldme.Tomygreatsurprise,Idiscoveredthatabouthalfthethingsweretrue.SomeofthemIcouldn't

change(likebeingverythin),butagoodnumberIcould—andsuddenlyIwantedtochange.ForthefirsttimeIgoto

fairlyclearpictureofmyself.

IbroughtthelistbacktoDaddy.Herefusedtotakeit."That'sjustforyou,99hesaid.“Youknowbetterthananyone

elsethetruthaboutyourself.Butyouhavetolearntolisten,notjustcloseyourearsinangerandfeelinghurt.When

somethingsaidaboutyouistrue,you'llfinditwillbeofhelptoyou.Ourworldisfullofpeoplewhothinktheyknow

yourduty.Don'tshutyourears.Listentothemall,buthearthetruthanddowhatyouknowistherightthingto

do."

Daddy'sadvicehasreturnedtomeatmanyimportantmoments.Inmylife,I'veneverhadabetterpieceof

advice.

1.Whatdidthefatherdoafterhehadheardhisdaughter'scomplaint?

A.Hetoldhernottopayanyattentiontowhather“enemy"hadsaid.

B.Hecriticized（批評）herandtoldhertoovercomehershortcomings.

C.Hetoldhertowritedownallthather"enemy"hadsaidaboutherandpayattentiononlytothethingsthatwere

true.

D.Herefusedtotakethelistandhavealookatit.

2.Whatdoes“Weekbyweekherlistgrew"mean?

A.Weekbyweekshediscoveredmoreshortcomingsofmineandpointedthemouttome.

B.Shehadmadealistofmyshortcomingsandshekeptonaddingnewonestoitsothatitwasgrowinglongerand

longer.

C.Iwashavingmoreandmoreshortcomingsastimewenton.

D.Weekbyweek,myshortcomingsgrewmoreserious.

3.Whydidherfatherlistentoherquietly?

A.Becausehebelievedthatwhatherdaughter's“enemy”saidwasmostlytrue.

B.Becausehehadbeensoangrywithhisdaughter'sshortcomingsthathewantedtoshowthisbykeepingsilentfora

while.

C.Becauseheknewthathisdaughterwouldnotlistentohimatthatmoment.

D.Becausehewasn'tquitesurewhichgirlwastellingthetruth.

4.Whichdoyouthinkwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.NotanEnemy,buttheBestFriendB.TheBestAdviceI'veEverHad

C.MyFatherD.MyChildhood

專題三巧析主從復合句

一、特點：兩套主謂結構；一個引導詞；一個主句、一個從句

二、分類：

1名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句）

2形容詞性從句（定語從句）

3副詞性從句（狀語從句）

三、做題步驟：

1劃清從句（從引導詞開始，一直到第二個謂語前）；

2判斷從句類型：

（1）引導詞前什么也沒有或it做形式主語時，主語從句；

（2）引導詞前時及物動詞或介詞時，賓語從句；

(3)引導詞前是系動詞(be)時，表語從句;

(4)引導詞前是代詞時，定語從句；

(5)引導詞前是專有名詞時，定語從句；

(6)引導詞前是有內容的名詞，定語從句或同位語從句(注意辨析)。

3確定引導詞：4+3法則

四、引導詞選擇技巧：

1名詞性從句引導詞選擇技巧：

(1)從句中缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語，并且指物，用what。(不用翻譯)

(2)從句中不缺少以上第一條的成分，缺少某種意義，用適當意義的引導詞。(主從句放一起進行翻譯)

(3)從句中不缺成分，不缺意義，用that。(主從句放一起進行翻譯)

2定語從句引導詞選擇技巧：

(1)當先行詞在從句中做主語時，指人用who或that；指物用which或that；

(2)當先行詞在從句中做賓語時，指人用who、whom、that或省略；指物用which、that或省略；

(3)當先行詞在從句中做定語時，指人指物都用whose；

(4)當先行詞在從句中做狀語時，指人用“相應的介詞+whom”；指物用“相應的介詞+which”；當先行詞是時間,

可換成when,當先行詞是地點，可換成where,當先行詞是原因，可換成why。

最高境界的選擇題：

1ThisisIwant.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.allE.everythingF.allthat

G.everythingthatH.allwhatIeverythingwhat

2Isthisfactoryyouvisitedlastyear?

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.\E.whereF.theoneG.theonethat

專題四出題人“喜歡的”長難句分析以及2022年高考備考策略分析

一、兩個名詞放在一起、兩個代詞放在一起或一個名詞與一個代詞放在一起，可以得出兩個結論：

1第一個名詞或代詞是定語從句的先行詞，第二個名詞或代詞是定語從句的主語；

2先行詞在從句中做賓語，省略了引導詞。

例如：Thefactorythemanvisitedlastyearwasveryfamousinthecity.

Thedaywewerelookingforwardtocameatlast.

Iappreciateeverythinghedidforme.

典型例題：

1Thankstothepreparationswe,wefinallymadeit.

A.madeB.didC.hadD.got

2Ithasbeenprovedthatthemeasuresthegovernmentfinallyworked.

A.tookB.madeC.didD.adapted

二、有些疑問句，在做題時需要還原句子為陳述句才能做出正確答案(避免思維定勢！！！)。

例如：Whichdoyouenjoyyourweekend,hikingorswimming?

A.tospendB.spendingC.beingspentD.spent

總結：

三、語法填空：

ChinesehasovertakenFrench,SpanishandGermantobecomeoneofthemostpopularforeignlanguagesfor

jobseekersintheUK.ResearchshowsgraduatesinChineseearn___41___averageyearlysalaryof￡31,000

or___42___(much).

“Ihadalotoffriendsonothercourses___43___didn,tdomuchinfirstorsecondyeanButforChinesemajors,

youhavetospendhoursandhours___44___(write)characters,wsaysHannahJackson,whograduatedinChinese

StudiesfromSheffieldUniversityin2012.

Hannahdescribeshercourseasamajorlyintense"?"Mostofmyfriendsadmittedtocryinginthefirstweek

owing___45___thecourseintensity(強度).IwasalmosttoldatonepointthatImightwanttoreconsideranddropout.”

“Thedegreeis___46___(absolute)worthit.Theefforts___47___(pay)offsofar.IlikethatIcouldlive,workand

operatewithrelativeeaseinChina.LookingaroundatpeoplewhohavestudiedFrenchorSpanishatuniversity,Ifind

theresnosuchchance___48___(use)whatthey'velearnedintheworkplace/yHannahsays.

HannahwenttolookforajobinShanghai,whereshefoundmoreemployment49(opportunity).After

workingasaprojectmanagerforIntralinkGroupforfouryears,shesetup___50___(she)owncompanyearning￡5,000

aday.ShehasnowreturnedtotheUKandworksinbusinessdevelopmentfortheBodyShop.

四、短文改錯：

Ourschoolisplanningtoofferusacookingcourse,towhomstudentshavedifferentattitudes.Inmyopinions>

thecookingcourseisbeneficialbutenjoyable.Thereareafewadvantagesofattendingthem.Forexample9wecan

learnfromaveryusefulskilltohelpourselvesnotonlyliveindependentbutalsotakecareofourparents.Besides>

takingthiscoursewasawaytomakeusfeelrelaxingandenrichourschoollife.Tomakethiscoursegreatsuccess9our

schoolshouldtellushowtocooksafelytoavoidgethurtwhilewearepracticingcooking.

五、七選五

Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdeal-oratleastmanypartsofithave.【<]、題1].Ideas

aboutsocialclass-whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class99-areoneareainwhichchangeshavebeen

extremelyslow.

Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddle-classpeople.Thetypicalworkingmanwould

collecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved,havinggivenhiswifeher"housekeeping'',would

gooutandsquandertherestonbeerandbetting.

Theoldstyleofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth.Hewas-andstillis-

inclinedtotakealonger-termview.Notonlydidheregardbuyingahouseasamostimportantthing,buthealso

consideredtheeducationofhischildrenasextremelyimportant.【小題2]Onlyinveryfewcasesdidworkershavethe

opportunity(ortheeducationandtraining)tomakesuchlong-termplans.

【小題3】.Inalargenumberofcasesfactoryworkersearnasmuchastheirmiddle-classsupervisors(管理者).

Socialsecurityandlawstoimprovecentury,havemadeitlessnecessarythanbeforetoworryabout^tomorrow1,.

Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferiority(自卑感).Infacttherehasbeenagrowing

tendencyinthepastfewyearsforthemiddle-classestofeelslightlyashamedoftheirposition.

【小題4].Theygenerallytendtoshareverysimilartastesinmusicandclothes,theyspendtheirmoneyinhaving

agoodtime,andsaveforholidaysorlonger-termplanswhennecessary.Thereseemstobemuchlessdifferencethanin

preciousgenerations.【封、題5].Aslongasthisgapexists,therewillalwaysbeapossibilitythatnewconflictsand

jealousieswillemerge,orratherthattheoldconflictswillre-appear,butbetweendifferentgroups.

A.Nowadays,agreatdealhaschanged

B.Bothoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity

C.Asaresult,differencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence

D.However,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paidandthelow-paid

E.Inrecentyears,theworking-classpeoplehavebeguntodesignlong-termplans

F.Insomeways,however,verylittlehaschanged,particularlywhereattitudesareconcerned

G.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongyoungerpeople

六、完形填空

Ibelieveinmiracles（奇跡）becauseI*veseensomanyofthem.Oneday,apatientwasreferredtomewhowas

onehundredandtwoyearsold."There'sa_1__inmyupperjaw,"shesaid."Itoldmyowndentistit'snothing9

buthe___2___Icometoseeyou”

Hereighty-year-oldsonaccompanied（陪伴）her.Hewould_3_toaddsomething,butshestoppedhim.She

wantedtotelleverythingherself.Ifoundalargecancerthatspreadovermuchofthe_4—ofhermouth.Acareful

examinationlater___5_thatitwasaparticularlybadsortofcancer.

DuringhernextappointmentsIexplainedtoherthe___6___oftheproblemSheheldmyhandinhersandsaid,

“Iknowyou'reworriedaboutme,butI'mjust7_,”

Ithoughtotherwise.Afteragreatdealof_8_onmypart,andkindnessonherpartbecauseshewantedto

_9___me,sheagreedtohavemereferhertoacancersurgeon.Shesawhim,butasIexpected9_10_thetreatment.

Aboutsixmonthslatershereturnedtomyoffice,stillenergeticand___11___.

aHowareyou?'Tasked.

"I'mjustfine,honey,“sherespondedin___12___spirits."WhencanIgetstartedonfixingmydentures（假

牙）?”

SurprisedtoseeheratalbIanswered_13___,“Letmetakealookinyourmouthandwe'llseeaboutit.”

Icouldn'tbelievemyeyes.Thecancerthathad_14_nearlytheentireroofofhermouthwasgone-onlyone

smallareaofredness___15_.

Ihadreadofsuchthingshappening)buthad_16_seenthemwithmyowneyes.Thatwasmyfirstmiracle.Since

thenTveseenmanyothers,becausetheykeepgetting_17_tosee.Infactymiraclesaredailyeventsformenow.And

peopleareinmiracle9___18___throughthemwehaveachancetoknowourselvesandto___19___themiraclesofone

another.

Sincemyfirstmiracle,I,vecometounderstandthatamiracleis_20—wechoosetofindit.

【1】A.cutB.painC.woundD.cancer

[2]A.declaredB.distrustedC.promisedD.insisted

【3】A.refuseB.continueC.tryD.manage

[4]A.roofB.cornerC.bottomD.surface

[5]A.showedB.believedC.consideredD.concluded

【6】A.possibilityB.importanceC.seriousnessD.solution

[7]A.oldB.sickC.fineD.glad

[8]A.permissionB.supportC.agreementD.effort

【9】A.persuadeB.pleaseC.encourageD.astonish

[10]A.refusedB.providedC.receivedD.required

Lil]A.healthyB.stressedC.optimisticD.humorous

[12]A.lowB.highC.sadD.poor

【13】A.happilyB.confusedlyC.patientlyD.confidently

[14]A.coveredB.reachedC.appearedD.grovvn

【15】A.treatedB.disappearedC.enlargedD.remained

[16]A.everB.alsoC.neverD.already

[17]A.easierB.rarerC.happierD.closer

[18]A.orB.soC.yetD.for

[19]A.readB.makeC.keepD.see

[20]A.whatB.whereC.whoD.which

專題五高考命題人慣用的伎倆

一、狀語從句中主語和系動詞的省略：如果從句主語和主句主語相同，或從句主語為it,則可以省略從句的主語和

系動詞。

例句：While(Iwas)workingintheUS,IpickedupalotofFrench.

When(wateris)heatedto100℃,waterwillboil.

Turntotheteacherforhelpif(itis)possible.

練習：

1>Iwon'tgotoLinda'sbirthdaypartyunless(invite).

2、When(play)ontheplayground,Tomhurthisrightleg.

總結：

二、在完型填空中巧用and?

精彩例題：Davidgotthefirstprizeinthespeechcontest.Onhearingthenews,hewasmorethanhappy.Hewalked

intotheclassroomandhimself,happyfromthebottomofhisheart.

A.enjoyedB.seatedC.helpedD.sang

試比較：

Hewalkedintotheclassroom,himself.

總結：

伴隨關系與先后關系的區(qū)分：

三、英語中yes譯為“不”，no譯為“是的”的三種情況：

1、否定句的回答;

例如：-Tomisn'tateacher.

?Yes,heis.（不，他是。）

?No,heisn't.（是的，他不是。）

2、否定疑問句的回答；

例如：?Can'tyouseethesign“NoSmoking”?

-Yes,Ican.（不,我能。）

■No,Ican".（是的,我不能。）

3、“前否后肯”的反義疑問句的回答。

例如：?Tomisn'tateacher,ishe?

-Yes,heis.（不，他是。）

?No,heisn't.（是的,他不是。）

練習：?Can'tyoubelieveme?

-,Ibelievewhateveryousay,actually.

A.YesB.No

直擊高考：完型填空

ItwastheendofmyfirstdayaswaitressinabusyNewYorkrestaurant.Mycaphadgoneaway,andmyfeet

were_41___.TheloadedplatesIcarried_42—tobeheavierandheavier.Tiredanddiscouraged>Iwasn'tabletodo

anything_43___.AsImadeoutacheckforafamilywithseveralchildrenwhohadchangedtheirice-cream_44_a

dozentimes,Iwasreadytostop.Thenthefather_45_atmeashehandedmemytip."Welldone,“hesaid,

“you've_46_usreallywell.”Suddenlymytiredness_47_.1smiledback,andlater,whenthe_48—askedme

howTdlikemyfirstday,Isaid,“Fun!”Thosefewwordsofpraisehad_49___everything.Praiseislike_50_to

thehumanspirit；wecannotgrowwithoutit.And_51_，whilemostofusareonlytoo_52_toapplytoothers

thecoldwindofcriticism9weare_53_togiveourfellowsthewarmsunshineofpraise.Why—whenonewordof

praisecanbringsuch_54___?

Itisstrangehowchary（吝嗇的）weareaboutpraising.Perhapsit's_55_fewofusknowhowtoacceptit.It's

_56_rewardingtogivepraiseinareasinwhich_57_generallygoesunnoticedorunmentioned.Anartistgets

admiredforagloriouspicture,acookfora_58___meal.Butdoyouevertellyourlaundrymanagerhowpleasedyou

arewhentheshirtsare_59_justright?Infact,togivepraise_60_thegivernothingbutamoment'sthought

andamomenfseffort.

41.A.smallB.