Unit6Design詞匯篇2____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、掌握第六單元第三課及第四課的重點(diǎn)單詞，短語(yǔ)及句型。2、靈活運(yùn)用第六單元第三課及第四課的重點(diǎn)單詞，短語(yǔ)及句型。datebackto追溯到，始于Thecastledatesbacktothe14thcentury.這個(gè)城堡可追溯到14世紀(jì)。溫馨提示：datebackto無被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。短語(yǔ)拓展：=1\*GB3①datebackto=datefrom/gobackto追溯到，始于=2\*GB3②outofdate過時(shí)的，陳舊的，不流行的=3\*GB3③uptodate現(xiàn)代的，最新的=4\*GB3④have/makeadatewithsb.與某人約會(huì)IhaveadatewithJane.我與簡(jiǎn)有個(gè)約會(huì)。purposen.目的，意圖短語(yǔ)拓展：=1\*GB3①onpurpose故意；有意地=2\*GB3②withthepurposeof目的是=3\*GB3③HewenttoAmericawiththepurposeofgettingrich.他懷著發(fā)財(cái)?shù)哪康娜チ嗣绹?guó)。=4\*GB3④forthepurposeof為了…目的usedfordecoration過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)原文再現(xiàn)：Papercutsusedfordecorationareoftenseenonwindowsandgates.“usedfordecoration”為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的papercuts，與其是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。分詞作定語(yǔ)：作定語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞分詞形式為：v.-ing,being+過去分詞,過去分詞。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用v.-ing；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用being+過去分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示完成時(shí)，用過去分詞。不定式作定語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞不定式作定于時(shí)，位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)往往表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如果作定語(yǔ)的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要用必要的介詞。例：Thingslostnevercomeagain!覆水難收！Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.正在建的那些房子是為老師建的。Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.明天在會(huì)上將要討論的問題非常重要。charactern.（書寫或印刷的）字，字體；性格；人物詞匯拓展：characteristicadj.典型的，獨(dú)特的n.特征，特點(diǎn)（常用復(fù)數(shù)）短語(yǔ)拓展：in/outofcharacter符合/不符合…的性格offeringn.供品，祭品短語(yǔ)拓展：=1\*GB3①makeanoffer出價(jià)，要價(jià)=2\*GB3②turndown/refuseanoffer拒絕建議=3\*GB3③offertodosth.主動(dòng)提出做某事MyneighborofferedtohelpmewhenIwassick.我生病時(shí)，鄰居主動(dòng)提出幫助我。=4\*GB3④offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.向某人提供某物Heofferedus100yuanforthebike.他向我們出價(jià)100元買這輛自行車m=5\*GB3⑤offersomemoneyfor出價(jià)買…tryout試用，試驗(yàn)Wewilltryoutyournewmethod.我們將試驗(yàn)?zāi)愕男路椒āＴ~語(yǔ)拓展：tryn.嘗試，試圖，努力短語(yǔ)拓展：=1\*GB3①tryon試穿CanItryiton?我能穿上試試嗎？=2\*GB3②tryfor試圖獲得，贏得=3\*GB3③trytodosth.努力做某事=4\*GB3④trydoingsth.試圖做某事，嘗試做某事Hetriedcleaningthespotwithalcohol.他試著用酒精擦拭那污跡。“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句原文再現(xiàn)：Peopletowhomthedeadpersonwasrelatedwouldmaketheseofferingsonspecialdaysandduringfestival.句型剖析：本句為復(fù)合句,towhomthedeadpersonwasrelated為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞people。“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其中關(guān)系代詞只能用whom或which。例：Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.漆黑的街上沒有一個(gè)他可以求助的人。ThisistheroominwhichLeousedtolive.這就是利奧以前住的房間。名詞性從句原文再現(xiàn)：ButwhatIrememberedmostismovingalot.句型剖析：“whatIrememberedmost”是主語(yǔ)從句，what在句中作remember的賓語(yǔ)，此時(shí)此時(shí)不能換成that，因?yàn)閠hat引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不再句中作任何成分。What引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句還有賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句等。動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)“movingalot”在這里作表語(yǔ)。例：Whatyousaidjustnowisnottrue.你剛才說的話不是真的。Thatweshallbelateiscertain.我們將要遲到，這是確定無疑的。mercyn.慈悲，憐憫，同情心詞匯拓展：=1\*GB3①mercifuladj.還算幸運(yùn)的，仁慈的=2\*GB3②mercifullyadv.幸運(yùn)地，寬大地=3\*GB3③mercilessadj.無情的短語(yǔ)拓展：=1\*GB3①havemercyon=showmercyto對(duì)…仁慈，對(duì)…同情（憐憫）=2\*GB3②ask/begformercy懇求寬恕，祈求寬恕=3\*GB3③atthemercyofsb./sth.任由…擺布；對(duì)…無能為力=4\*GB3④withoutmercy毫不留情的，殘忍的=5\*GB3⑤Itisamercythat-clause真幸運(yùn)，真僥幸theway后的定語(yǔ)從句原文再現(xiàn)：ButthehouseonMangoStreetisnotthewaytheydescribeditatall.句型剖析：theway是先行詞，“theydescribedit”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾theway，引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，可以省略，也可以用that或inwhich。way當(dāng)“方法，辦法”講時(shí)，后接的定語(yǔ)從句中，若引導(dǎo)詞再?gòu)木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則需用that或which。Thewaythat/inwhichhesaiditsurpriseditsurprisedus.他表達(dá)的方式讓我們感到驚訝。narrowadj.狹窄的，狹隘的，眼光短淺的詞匯拓展：=1\*GB3①narrowlyadv.勉強(qiáng)地，嚴(yán)格地，仔細(xì)地Henarrowlyescapedbeingkilled.他險(xiǎn)些喪命。=2\*GB3②narrowvt.&vi.使變窄，縮小holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸IwassonervousthatIheldmybreathatthescene.看到那場(chǎng)面我緊張的屏住了呼吸。短語(yǔ)拓展：與breath有關(guān)的其他短語(yǔ)：=1\*GB3①catchone’sbreath恢復(fù)正常呼吸=2\*GB3②loseone’sbreath喘不過氣=3\*GB3③takeadeepbreath深深吸一口氣=4\*GB3④outofbreath（運(yùn)動(dòng)后）穿不上氣與hold相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：=1\*GB3①holdback阻擋，猶豫=2\*GB3②holdon堅(jiān)持住，（電話用語(yǔ)）等一下=3\*GB3③holdout伸出，維持=4\*GB3④holdoff延遲完全倒裝Outbackisasmallgarageforthecarwedon’townyetandasmallyardthatlookssmallerbetweenthetwobuildingsoneitherside.句型剖析：主句是一個(gè)完全倒裝句。表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be或go,come等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子要用完全倒裝，即將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分全部至于主語(yǔ)之前。考點(diǎn)釋義：完全倒裝語(yǔ)序主要有以下幾種情況：=1\*GB3①There+be/stand/lie/exist/live+名詞主語(yǔ)Thereliesarailwayinthenorthofthecity.城市北邊有一條鐵路。=2\*GB3②Here/there/out/in/up/down/away/back/now/then等副詞+不及物動(dòng)詞（come,go,rush,fly等）+名詞主語(yǔ)（不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）。Awaywentthechildren.孩子們走了。=3\*GB3③直接引語(yǔ)的一部分或全部放在句首，主語(yǔ)為名詞。“Wearelost,”saidMary.“我們迷路了。”瑪麗說。=4\*GB3④表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)（主要是表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)）+謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為不及物動(dòng)詞）+名詞主語(yǔ)。Intheboxaresomecandies.盒子里有一些糖果。conclusionn.結(jié)論，推斷，終結(jié)，結(jié)局詞匯拓展：concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束，推斷出，達(dá)成短語(yǔ)拓展：=1\*GB3①reach/leadto/cometoaconclusion得出結(jié)論=2\*GB3②toconclude/inconclusion最后Inconclusion,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyself.最后，我想說我過的有多么愉快。agreewith同意Iquiteagreewithhisidea.我十分贊同他的想法。短語(yǔ)拓展：=1\*GB3①agreewithone’sidea/opinion/whatonesays同意某人的觀點(diǎn)/意見/所說的話=2\*GB3②agreewithsth.與…一致，與…符合=3\*GB3③notagreewithsb.不適合，不相宜=4\*GB3④agreeto同意（計(jì)劃，建議，安排）=5\*GB3⑤agreeon對(duì)…取得一致意見=6\*GB3⑥arriveat/cometo/reachanagreement達(dá)成協(xié)議表語(yǔ)從句原文再現(xiàn)：Thisiswhythelocalpeopleproudlycalltheirtown“Dayan”…句型剖析：這是一個(gè)由why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。Why是連接副詞；表語(yǔ)從句還可以由that,what,which,who,whom,when,where,how,whether,asif等來引導(dǎo)。其中what,which,who,whom為連接代詞，在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等；when,where,how,why為連接副詞，在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)；that,whether,asif在表語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)成分，只起連接作用。例：That’sjustwhatIwant.那正是我想要的。Thisiswhywemissedtheearlybus.那就是我們?yōu)槭裁村e(cuò)過了早班車。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。Wondern.奇觀，奇跡，驚嘆詞匯拓展：=1\*GB3①wondervt.想知道=2\*GB3②wonderfuladj.令人驚奇的，精彩的短語(yǔ)拓展：=1\*GB3①nowonder難怪=2\*GB3②wonderatsth./wh-賓語(yǔ)從句admirevt.欽佩，羨慕，贊賞，欣賞詞匯拓展：=1\*GB3①admirableadj.可欽佩的，值得贊賞的=2\*GB3②admirationn.欽佩，羨慕，贊賞短語(yǔ)拓展：=1\*GB3①admiresb.For…因…而欽佩某人Theschooliswidelyadmiredforitsexcellentteaching.這所學(xué)校因教學(xué)出色而被廣泛稱贊。behometo…是…的所在地/家/發(fā)源地Africaishometolions.非洲是獅子的故鄉(xiāng)。短語(yǔ)拓展：=1\*GB3①feelathome感到自在，舒服，放松=2\*GB3②makeoneselfathome不拘束，不客氣determinevt.決心，決定詞匯拓展：determinedadj.堅(jiān)定的determinationn.決心短語(yǔ)拓展：=1\*GB3①determine(on/upon)sth.決定某事=2\*GB3②determinetodosth.決定做某事=3\*GB3③determinesb.todosth.使某人下決心做某事Herencouragementdeterminedmetocarryonwiththework.她的鼓勵(lì)使我決心把這項(xiàng)工作繼續(xù)下去。=4\*GB3④bedeterminedtodosth.決心做某事Alotofpeoplearedeterminedtobecomerich.很多人決心要致富。It’sone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事了It’syourturntosweepthefloor.該你掃地了。短語(yǔ)拓展：=1\*GB3①taketurns依次，輪流=2\*GB3②byturns輪流，交替=3\*GB3③inturn依次，輪流，轉(zhuǎn)而，相應(yīng)的=4\*GB3④inreturn作為回報(bào)例1.SeveralyearsagotheyfoundinEnglandatombofaman_____fromaround2300B.C.dateddatingdatestodate解析：句意：幾年前他們?cè)谟?guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)男人的墓，該墓可追溯到公元前2300年。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)，datefrom與atomb為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，不定式作定語(yǔ)表將來，與句意不符，即可推斷出正確答案。答案：B。例2.Chinahasbeenpushingthereformofpublichospitals_____allitscitizens.inchargeofforthepurposeofinhonorofforthebenefitof解析：句意：為了所有公民的利益，中國(guó)一直在推行公立醫(yī)院的改革。本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。inchargeof管理，負(fù)責(zé)；forthepurposeof為了…的目的；inhonorof為了向…表示敬意，為紀(jì)念；forthebenefitof為了…的利益，即可推斷出正確答案。答案：D。例3.Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords_____indailyconversations.usingtousehavingusedused解析：句意：在有些語(yǔ)言中，100個(gè)詞就占了日常對(duì)話的一半。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和words是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)表示被動(dòng)，即可推斷出正確答案。答案：D。例4._____makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhoD.Which解析：句意：讓這本書不同尋常的是作者的想象力。本題考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，從句部分缺少主語(yǔ)成分，且指的是“事或物”，排除A和C項(xiàng)，又沒有在限定范圍內(nèi)選擇的意義，可排除D項(xiàng)，即可推斷出正確答案。答案：B。例5.（2015北京朝陽(yáng)高三一模）Oh,Icanfeelsomething_____upmyleg!Itmustbeaninsect.A.toclimbB.climbingC.climbD.climbed解析：句意：哦，我覺得有什么東西正在我腿上爬！一定是一只蟲子。感官動(dòng)詞feel可以接do,doing,beingdone,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示有東西正在我腿上爬，強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行，所以選doing，即可推斷出正確答案。答案：B。基礎(chǔ)演練一，根據(jù)字母或漢語(yǔ)提示，用所學(xué)的單詞或短語(yǔ)填空。TheGrandCanalbegantobebuiltintheSuiD__________.Sheseemstodothesethingsonp___________.Moneyisnotthekeytoh__________.Agroupofprimarystudentsplacedawreathatthet__________ofthenationalhero.Sheworesomuch__________（珠寶）thatsheseemedtobecoveredingold.The__________（寺廟）hasbeenconsideredanexampleofclassicdesign.Iwishthisbookwaswritteninbigger__________（字）.Thisclothhasa__________（式樣）ofblueandwhitesquares.Ther__________fortheflatis$50aweek.I’dliketogod__________forshopping.Canyougivemealift?Keys：一，1.Dynasty 2.purpose3.happiness 4.tomb5.jewellery 6.temple7.characters 8.pattern9.rent 10.downtown鞏固提高單句改錯(cuò)。Bythetimewhenwegottothetopofthemountain,wewerealloutofbreath.____________________________________________________________________.Atlast,theyarrivedinwhereisnowcalledAmerica.____________________________________________________________________.Wheredoyouthinkwillhego?____________________________________________________________________.Idon’tlikethewayhowyoudidit.____________________________________________________________________.Therearetalltreesgrowingoneithersidesoftheroad.____________________________________________________________________.Keys：1.去掉when2.where改為what3.willhe改為hewill4.how改為that或去掉how5.sides改為side用所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空。datebackto berelatedto onpurpose setanexample tryoutholdone’sbreatheventhough withoutmercy dreamofbelocatedin eventhoughParentsshould____________________good____________________theirchildren.Ithinkhebrokethatwindow____________________.Weshould____________________thismedicinetomakesurethatthereisnothingwrongwithit.Thiscustomer_______________________________the11thcentury.Thepolicethinkthathe______________________________thecase.Therearealotofspellingmistakes,____________________,itisagoodessay.Hisfatherdrovehimoff____________________.He____________________beingapilotasachildren.Hearingtheenemycome,thesoldiers______________________________.Themuseum______________________________thecenterofthetown.Keys:seta;examplefor 2.onpurpose3.tryout 4.datesbackto5.isrelatedto 6.eventhough7.withoutmercy 8.dreamedof9.heldtheirbreath 10.islocatedin單項(xiàng)選擇。Thoughtheprofessorexplainedthepoint_____,manystudentsstillcouldn’tunderstandit.inruins B.indetail C.inconclusion D.onpurpose（北京大興高三一模）_____hesaidintheweddingceremonymovedeveryonepresent.How B.That C.Which D.What（北京大興高三一模）Ihavelearnedthatclothes_____onlineareofpoorquality.bought B.buying C.tobuy D.havingbought（北京朝陽(yáng)高三二模）—CanIfaxthispaper?—Sorry,butourfax_____atthemoment,anditwon’tbeworkinguntilaround3o’clock.isbeingrepaired B.isrepairing C.isrepaired D.repairs（北京朝陽(yáng)高三二模）Youcouldworkouttheproblemeasilynowifyou_____absentfromthephysicsclassFriday.weren’t B.hadn’tbeen C.haven’tbeen D.wouldn’thavebeenKeys：二，1-5BDAAB__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一，閱讀理解。Accordingtopsychologists（心理學(xué)家）,anemotionisarousedwhenamanoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood.Whenapersonfeelslikerunningawayfromsomethinghethinkswillhurthim,wecallthisemotionfear.ifthepersonwantstoremovethedangerbyattackingit,wecalltheemotionanger.Theemotionsofjoyandlovearearousedwhenwethinksomethingcanhelpus.Anemotiondoesnothavetobecreatedbysomethingintheoutsideworld.itcanbecreatedbyaperson'sthoughts.Everyonehasemotions.Manypsychologistsbelievethatinfantsarebornwithoutemotions.Theybelievechildrenlearnemotionsjustastheylearntoreadandwrite.Agrowingchildnotonlylearnshisemotionsbutlearnshowtoactincertainsituationsbecauseofanemotion.Psychologiststhinkthattherearetwotypesofemotion:positiveandnegative.Positiveemotionsincludelove,liking,joy,delight,andhope.Theyarearousedbysomethingthatappealstoaperson.Negativeemotionsmakeapersonunhappyordissatisfied.Theyincludeanger,fear,despair,sadness,anddisgust.ingrowingup,apersonlearnstocopewiththenegativeemotionsinordertobehappy.Emotionsmaybeweakorstrong.Somestrongemotionsaresounpleasantthatapersonwilltryanymeanstoescapefromthem.inordertofeelhappy,thepersonmaychooseunusualwaystoavoidtheemotion.Strongemotionscanmakeithardtothinkandtosolveproblems.Theymaypreventapersonfromlearningorpayingattentiontowhatheisdoing.Forexample,astudenttakinganexaminationmaybesoworriedaboutfailingthathecannotthinkproperly.Theworrydrainsvaluablementalenergyheneedsfortheexamination.1.Welearnfromthepassagethatanemotioniscreatedbysomething.A.onethinksbadorgoodB.onefeelsindangerC.onefacesintheoutsideworldD.onetriestoescapefromreallife2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Childrenlearnemotionsastheygrowup.B.Babiesarebornwithemotions.C.Emotionsfallintotwotypesingeneral.D.Peoplecancopewiththenegativeemotionsinlife.3.Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageisto.A.explainwhypeoplehaveemotionsB.showhowpeopleavoidthenegativeemotionsC.explainwhatpeopleshoulddobeforeemotionsD.defineandclassifypeople'semotions4.Wecansafelyconcludethatastudentmayfailinanexamif.A.hecannotthinkproperlyB.hecan'tpayattentiontoitC.hecan'tpayattentiontoitD.hei