36、“不可能”這個字(法語是一個字)，只在愚人的字典中找得到。--拿破侖。37、不要生氣要爭氣，不要看破要突破，不要嫉妒要欣賞，不要托延要積極，不要心動要行動。38、勤奮，機會，樂觀是成功的三要素。(注意：傳統觀念認為勤奮和機會是成功的要素，但是經過統計學和成功人士的分析得出，樂觀是成功的第三要素。39、沒有不老的誓言，沒有不變的承諾，踏上旅途，義無反顧。40、對時間的價值沒有沒有深切認識的人，決不會堅韌勤勉。定語從句完整辨析定語從句完整辨析36、“不可能”這個字(法語是一個字)，只在愚人的字典中找得到。--拿破侖。37、不要生氣要爭氣，不要看破要突破，不要嫉妒要欣賞，不要托延要積極，不要心動要行動。38、勤奮，機會，樂觀是成功的三要素。(注意：傳統觀念認為勤奮和機會是成功的要素，但是經過統計學和成功人士的分析得出，樂觀是成功的第三要素。39、沒有不老的誓言，沒有不變的承諾，踏上旅途，義無反顧。40、對時間的價值沒有沒有深切認識的人，決不會堅韌勤勉。定語從句完整辨析1.Agreatpartofthecitywasd________intheearthquake.2.Thee________shouldbecutoffintheearthquake.3.Ifelteverythings______duringtheearthquake.4.Thefiremenr______ababyfromtheburninghouse.5.Hewasbadlyi______intheaccident.6.She_______(蒙住)herfaceinherhandsandcried.7.Therewerealotoffishinthe_____(池)8.Shelooked_____(清新的；氣色好的)wheneverIsawher.9.Thefishisabit______(味道).Wecan’teatit.10.Theyareplanningtobuilda_____(運河)throughthedesert.destroyedelectricityshakingrescuedinjuredburiedpondfreshsmellycanal21紐約是座不夜城。TheCityofNewYorkneversleeps.2Wethinkmuch/alot/agreatdealofhim.3Thebossthinkhighly/badly/ill/nothing/littleoftheplan.apocketdictionaryLastyear,shepocketedover$1millioninadvertising.Pockettheaward5Increaseyourchanceofsurvivinganearthquake6makealife-savingdifference7anearthquakeoccurred3有關定語從句的幾個概念

定語從句:attributiveclause先行詞:antecedent關系代詞:relativepronoun關系副詞:relativeadverb

6引導詞關系代詞who/whomwhichthatwhoseas關系副詞whenwherewhy7關系代詞who/whomwhichthatwhose81.ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwokilometersaway.(P2L2)2.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.(P1L7)3.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.(P2L8)4.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigearthquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.(P3L7)5.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.(P4L4)6.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomehadbeendestroyed.(P4L8)Readthesentencesaloud(1minute):9Jointhefollowingsentencesintoonesentence.Shewasnotinthetrain.Thetrainarrivedjustnow.Thecityisarathermodernone.Iliveinthecity.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch.Itshandsweremadeofsmalldiamonds.

Shewasnotinthetrainwhich/thatarrivedjustnow.Thecitywhich/thatIliveinisarathermodernone.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,

whosehandsweremadeofsmalldiamonds.

關系詞的作用????1、連接作用：引導從句，把它和主句連接起來；2、替代作用：在從句中替代先行詞；3、成分作用：在從句中充當一個句子成分;10Jointhefollowingsentencesintoonesentence.TheboyiscalledJack.Hebrokethewindow.Thisisthegirl.Heworkedwithherintheoffice.Thegirlisstayingathometoday.Hermotherisill.Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledJack.Thisisthegirlwho/whom/thatheworkedwithintheoffice.Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.11Jointhefollowingsentencesintoonesentence.Imetaboy.Hecanspeakthreelanguages.

Imetaboywho/thatcanspeakthreelanguages.

2.Annawaswearingahat.Itwastoobigforher.

Annawaswearingahatwhich/thatwastoobigforher.3.Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.

Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.4.Wesawsomepeople.Theircarhadbrokendown.

Wesawsomepeoplewhosecarhadbrokendown.12補充13

that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,一般多用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething

(that)

youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(1)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代詞時或先行詞被all,every,no,any,little,much等修飾時。14ThisisthefirstEnglishnovelthatmystudentshaveeverread.Thisisthebestfilmthatthelittleboyhaseverseen(2)先行詞被序數詞或最高級修飾時。(3)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾。Thisistheonlythingthat

hismothercandoforhim.15（5）先行詞同時指人和指物時Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere?

Whichisthebookthatyouwanttoborrow?（6）當關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時，Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.16注意，先行詞是人時一般不受上述情況的限制。但是

a.當主句是以who開頭的特殊疑問句時，為了避免重復，最好不用who來引導定語從句，而用that(賓格可以用whom)來引導。b.當先行詞是those時宜用who。c.當先行詞和定語從句相隔離時宜用who。ImetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskedmequestionsinChinesed.當一個句子帶有兩個定語從句時，其中一個用that另一個宜用who。Themanthatyoumetinthestreetyesterdayistheonewhostoleyourwallet.17

注意:

*Iwastheonlypersoninmyoffice_________wasinvited.who/that18定語從句解題步驟:1.找主句:

關鍵是:

準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分完整2.先行詞:3.將先行詞代入到從句當中，判斷其在從句中的成分，選用合適的關系詞來替代先行詞

19Exercises20關系代詞填空并判斷是否可省略:1.Theman______________Italkedwithisourteacher.2.Aperson_______________stealsthingsiscalledathief.3.Theman_______________InoddedtoisMr.Li.4.Thesearethetrees__________wereplantedlastyear.5.Thisrecorder__________heisusingismadeinJapan.that/who/whomthat/whothat/who/whomthat/whichthat/which211.Doyouknowtheboy__________fatherisanengineer?2.Ihavejustreadanewnovel_________writerIhaveneverheardofbefore.3.Ihavejustreadanewnovelthewriterof___________Ihaveneverheardofbefore.whosewhosewhich22填入適當的關系詞并判斷是否可以省略Ishetheman______wantstoseeyou?

______Isawyesterday?_____carbrokedownontheway?

who/that(whom/that)whose23填入適當的關系詞并判斷是否可以省略Thisisthefactory

_____producesTV._______wevisitedyesterday._____windowsfacesouth.

thewindow_______facessouth.______thewindowfacessouth.

that/whichthat/which/不填whoseofwhichofwhich24考驗！！Isthisfactory___youvisitedlastweek?A.theonethatB.whereC.that25

定語從句Attributiveclause

(II)261.Theman,_______factorymyfatherworksin,isabillionaire.2.RecentlyIboughtaChinesevase,________priceisreasonable.

RecentlyIboughtaChinesevase,thepriceof_______isreasonable.whosewhosewhichFillintheblanks.271).Thisisthestudent_______________Iborrowedthebookfrom.

2).Thepencil_______________hewaswritingwithbroke.3).Theman,________daughterIworkedwith,lookeddownuponwomen.who/whom/that/Xwhich/that/Xwhose=Thisisthestudentfromwhom

Iborrowedthebook.=Thepencilwithwhich

hewaswritingbroke.=Theman,withwhose

daughterIworked,lookeddownuponwomen.28介詞+which(先行詞是物)介詞+whom(先行詞是人)

介詞+whose(先行詞是物或人,作定語)

介詞+關系代詞：Theman(that/who/whom)thenurseislookingafterisover90.

after不可提前。29Thishouseisnowworth$300,000.Hepaid$150,000forthehouse.Thishouse,whichhepaid$150,000for,isnowworth$300,000.

Thishouse,forwhichhepaid$150,000,isnowworth$300,000.301、與先行詞的搭配；2、與從句中的謂語動詞的搭配；3、有時需要同時考慮從句中的動詞和介詞的搭配關系以及先行詞和介詞的搭配;4、整句話的意義。介詞的選用???311.Thisisthecar____whichIbought.2.Thisisthecar____whichIspent100$.3.Thisisthecar____whichtheoldmanwasknockeddown.4.Thisisthecar________whichwetalked.5.Thisisthecar______whichthewindowisbroken.XonbyaboutFillinthebanksusingproperprepositions

wherenecessary.of32關系副詞whenwherewhy關系代詞who/whomwhichthatwhose關系詞的作用????33

關系副詞34Jointhefollowingsentencesintoonesentence.1.Iknowagarden./Youcanfindwildstrawberriesinthegarden.

2.Iknowagarden./Youcanfindwildstrawberriesthere.

Iknowagarden(which/that/X)youcanfindwildstrawberriesin.Iknowagardenin

whichyoucanfindwildstrawberries.

Iknowagardenwhereyoucanfindwildstrawberries.Iknowagardenwhereyoucanfindwildstrawberries.353.Weshallrememberthedays.Westudiedtogetherduringthedays.

4.Weshallrememberthedays.Westudiedtogetherthen.

Weshallrememberthedays(which/that/X)westudiedtogetherduring.

Weshallrememberthedaysduringwhichwestudiedtogether.

Weshallrememberthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.

365.Hewantedtoknowthereason.Iwaslateforthereason.6.Thereasonwasnotclear.Hedidn’tcomeforthereason.

HewantedtoknowthereasonforwhichIwaslate.HewantedtoknowthereasonwhyIwaslate.

Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tcomewasnotclear.371.Iknowagardenwhereyoucanfindwildstrawberries.

2.Weshallrememberthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.3.HewantedtoknowthereasonwhyIwaslate.

關系副詞先行詞在從句中的成分wherewhenwhy地點名詞地點狀語時間名詞時間狀語reason原因狀語(物)38關鍵：

準確判斷先行詞指的是

“時間”還是“地點”39when經常可以替換為

during/

on/in/at/…+whichwhere經常可以替換為in/at….+whichwhy=for+which1.Iknowagardenwhere/inwhichyoucanfindwildstrawberries.

2.Weshallrememberthedayswhen/duringwhichwestudiedtogether.3.Hewantedtoknowthereasonwhy/forwhichIwaslate.

401.Thisisthevillage.Iwasborninthevillage.2.Idon’tknowthereason.Youquarreledwithhimforthereason.3.Thisisthefactory.Hisfatherworksthere.ThisisthevillageinwhichIwasborn.ThisisthevillagewhereIwasborn.Idon’tknowthereasonforwhichyouquarreledwithhim.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyyouquarreledwithhim.Thisisthefactorywherehisfatherworks.Thisisthefactoryinwhichhisfatherworks.41Ican’tforgetthedays_____________Ispentinthearmy.Ican’tforgetthedays_____________Istayedwiththesoldiers.Thisisthefactory____________employsalotofforeigners.Thisisthefactory________________myfatherusedtowork.which/that/Xwhen/inwhichwhich/thatwhere/inwhichCompletethefollowingsentencesusingwhich,that,prep.+which,where,when,why.42Thereason______________hegavetomeisonlyanexcuse.Thereason______________hewasabsentfromthemeetingisthathismotherwasbadlyill.which/that/Xwhy/forwhich43Choosethebestanswers.Isthistheroom_______youoncelivedin?2.Isthisroom______youoncelivedin?3.Isthistheroomin

_______youoncelived?Isthistheonlyroom______youoncelivedin?Isthistheonlyroom______youoncelived?

A.whichB.whereC.theoneD.thatcBADA44考驗：ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.(09江西)A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich45填入適當的關系詞并判斷是否可以省略Givemethereason____youquarreledwithhim________youquarreledwithhim.

Thisisthereason____hegaveforbeinglate.

whyforwhich(that/which)46

定語從句Attributiveclause

(IV)47as?48as與which引導的定語從句兩者均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用as。1.關系代詞引導的定語從句居句首時。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.當與such或thesame連用時，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.493.當從句和主句語義一致時，用as，反之則用which。e.g.

Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.

Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.504.as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態，一般要用which作主語。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,

aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.51exercises1.______isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What2._______Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.A.WhenB.AfterC.AsD.Since3.TheBeatles,______manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as524.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,_______meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.（’06江蘇，29）A.whoB.thatC.asD.which5.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,_____canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.(’07湖南)A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that53應對策略

☆as與which引導非限制性定語從句的區別：①____________②____________位置含義

☆

記住口訣：

限制與否須分清，逗號主從涇渭明；補充說明不限定，that躲得無影蹤；主語賓語不能省，who與whom來爭功；as,which作用大，主句也可作先行。

☆

記住口訣：

限制與否須分清，逗號主從涇渭明；補充說明不限定，that躲得無影蹤；主語賓語不能省，who與whom來爭功；as,which作用大，主句也可作先行。543.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.Aswhichas\that\which1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.Itisabigstone______nobodycanlift.asthat

5.______wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As6.Suchsigns_____weuseintheexperiment______Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,isDAthat辨析that/as/which55RestrictiveandNon-restrictive

attributiveclause限制性和非限制性定語從句56Theextrainformationisnecessaryintherestrictiveattributiveclause.Withouttheextrainformation,wedon’tknowwhoorwhatisspokenabout.Wedon’tusecommaswiththerestrictiveattributiveclauses.

Thevillageisbeautiful.Trytounderstandthefollowing:ThevillagewhereIwasbornisbeautiful.57Shaoxingisafamouscity.

Theextrainformationcanbeleftoutinthenon-restrictiveattributiveclause.Withouttheextrainformation,itisstillclearwhoorwhatisspokenabout.Weusecommaswiththenon-restrictiveattributiveclause.Trytounderstandthefollowing:Shaoxing,

whereLuXunwasborn,isafamouscity.

58定語從句其他內容略591、單項選擇2、改錯3、書面表達怎么考？定語從句考點歸納

60全國：Second,Igetalongwithotherseasily,whichisespeciallyusefulforavolunteer.北京：Heiswearingold-fashionedclothesthatdatebacktothebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.江蘇：Neversayordoanythingthatharmstheimageofourmotherland.福建：Tokeepfit,weshouldhavevarioushealthydiets,whichgenerallyincludeproperamountsoffish,meat,vegetables,fruitaswellasmainfood.高考書面表達范文中的定語從句全國：Second,Igetalongwithotherseasily,whichisespeciallyusefulforavolunteer.北京：Heiswearingold-fashionedclothesthatdatebacktothebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.江蘇：Neversayordoanythingthatharmstheimageofourmotherland.福建：Tokeepfit,weshouldhavevarioushealthydiets,whichgenerallyincludeproperamountsoffish,meat,vegetables,fruitaswellasmainfood.61考什么？62（1）

考點11.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrouserswhereshehadwipedherhands.2.Ifashophaschairswherewomencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeinshop.（’05上海，40）3.Wearetryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.4.Aftereducationshereachedapointinhercareerwhere

sheneededtodecidewhattodo.定語從句考點歸納

（1）

考點11.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers

whereshehadwipedherhands.2.Ifashophaschairs

wherewomencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeinshop.（’05上