北京亦莊實驗中學21級直升高一、高一第4學段+20級直升高二第8學段英語教與學質量診斷英語試題總分:卷面70分+聽說30分時間:90分鐘第一部分詞匯(共18分)一、用方框內所給詞填空。(I層:不用變形。I1層:用所給詞的適當形式填空。)10'I層選詞填空1.Ididn’t________him-he’sgrownmuchtaller.2.Likealotofmen,hefindsithardtoexpresshis________.3.Theknifehadpiercedhisheart,but________hewasstillalive.4.Duringthelunch,heaskedmewhatIwould________tothegroupinclass.5.Myscheduleisquite________-Icouldarrangetomeetwithyouanyday.【答案】1.recognize2.emotion3.incredibly4.present5.flexible【解析】【1題詳解】考查動詞。句意：我沒認出他來——他長得高多了。分析句子可知，空格處應填入動詞原形，與didn’t一起構成謂語。根據句意，此處指“認出”，故填recognize。【2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：像很多男人一樣，他覺得很難表達自己的情感。分析句子可知，空格處應填入名詞作賓語。根據句意，此處指“情感”，故填emotion。【3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：刀刺穿了他的心臟，但令人難以置信的是他還活著。分析句子可知，空格處應填入副詞修飾句子hewasstillalive。根據句意，此處指“難以置信地”，故填incredibly。【4題詳解】考查動詞。句意：在午餐期間，他問我在課堂上將向全班展示什么。分析句子可知，空格處應填入動詞原形，與would一起構成賓語從句中的謂語。根據句意，此處指“展示”，故填present。【5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我的日程安排很靈活——我可以安排在任何一天與你見面。分析句子可知，空格處應填入形容詞作表語。根據句意，此處指“靈活的”，故填flexible。選詞填空6.Shesentthemagifttoexpressher________.7.Ourteachersarehard-workingandhighly________.8.I’vetoldher________timesbutshestillinsistsondoingthat.9.Footballarousesagooddealof________amongitssupporters.10.Anneisdiligentandself-disciplined,whichiswhyshe'salwaysdonewell________.【答案】6.gratitude7.motivated8.countless9.passion10.academically【解析】【6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：她送給他們一件禮物以表達她的感激之情。分析句子可知，空格處應填入名詞作賓語。根據句意，此處指“感激”，故填gratitude。【7題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我們的老師工作努力，積極性高。分析句子可知，空格處應填入形容詞，與hard-working并列作表語。根據句意，此處指“積極性高漲的”，故填motivated。【8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我已經告訴她無數次了，但她仍然堅持這樣做。分析句子可知，空格處應填入形容詞作定語修飾名詞times。根據句意，此處指“無數的、數不勝數的”，故填countless。【9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：足球在支持者中激起了極大的熱情。分析句子可知，空格處應填入名詞作賓語。根據句意，此處指“熱情、激情”，故填passion。【10題詳解】考查副詞。句意：安妮勤奮自律，這就是為什么她在學業上總是做得很好的原因。分析句子可知，空格處應填入副詞修飾動詞。根據句意，此處指“在學業方面；學術上”，故填academically。II層選詞填空11.Hesawhimself________inthewater.12.Thereare12weekstogo,________fromtoday.13.Ihadn’tseenherfor20years,butI________herimmediately.14.Ifyou________bysomething,itcausesyoutobehaveinaparticularway.15.ThelightingoftheOlympictorch________peaceandfriendshipamongthenationsoftheworld.【答案】11.reflected12.counting13.recognized14.aremotivated15.symbolizes【解析】【11題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：他看見自己映在水中。根據inthewater可知，他自己映在水中，空格處意為“映出”，用reflect，句中謂語是saw，空格處用非謂語動詞，himself和reflect之間是邏輯動賓關系，因此空格處用過去分詞表被動，作賓語補足語，故填reflected。【12題詳解】考查現在分詞。句意：從今天算起，還有12周。由“Thereare12weekstogo”可知，句子表示“從今天算起，還有12周”，空格處是“數”，是count，句中謂語是are，空格處用非謂語動詞，count的邏輯主語是人，與count之間是主謂關系，因此空格處用現在分詞表主動，此處是獨立主格結構，故填counting。【13題詳解】考查時態。句意：我有20年沒見過她了，但我立刻認出了她。由“Ihadn’tseenherfor20years,but”可知，句子表示“我有20年沒見過她了，但我立刻認出了她”，空格處意為“認出”，是recognize，句子描述過去的事情，時態用一般過去時，空格處用過去式recognized，故填recognized。【14題詳解】考查時態，語態和主謂一致。句意：如果你被某件事所激勵，它會導致你以某種特定的方式行事。由“itcausesyoutobehaveinaparticularway”可知，句子表示“如果你被某件事所激勵，它會導致你以某種特定的方式行事”，空格處意為“激勵”，是motivate，由by可知，句子用被動語態，由causes可知，句子時態是一般現在時，因此空格處是一般現在時的被動語態，主語you是第二人稱，因此空格處是aremotivated，故填aremotivated。【15題詳解】考查時態和主謂一致。句意：點燃奧林匹克火炬象征著世界各國之間的和平與友誼。由“ThelightingoftheOlympictorch”和“peaceandfriendshipamongthenationsoftheworld”可知，句子表示“點燃奧林匹克火炬象征著世界各國之間的和平與友誼”，空格處意為“象征”，是symbolize，句子描述客觀事實，時態用一般現在時，主語是動名詞lighting，其后謂語動詞用單數，因此空格處是第三人稱單數symbolizes，故填symbolizes。選詞填空16.Youcanimproveyour________byexercising.17.Thelatestmissilescanbefiredwith________accuracy.18.Mydoctorsaidtheproblemwasmore________thanphysical.19.Heissuccessfulbecausehehasa/an________interestinmusic.20.The________ofprizesandcertificateswilltakeplaceinthemainhall.【答案】16.flexibility17.incredible18.emotional19.passionate20presentation【解析】【16題詳解】考查名詞。句意：你可以通過鍛煉來提高靈活性。分析句子可知，空格處應填入名詞作賓語。根據句意，此處指“通過鍛煉來提高身體的靈活性”，故用形容詞flexible的名詞flexibility作賓語，意為“靈活性；柔韌性”。故填flexibility。【17題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：最新的導彈可以以難以置信的精度發射。分析句子可知，空格處應填入形容詞作定語。根據句意，此處指“難以置信的精度”，故用incredibly的形容詞incredible作定語修飾accuracy，意為“難以置信的；極好的”。故填incredible。【18題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我的醫生說這個問題更多的是情緒上的，而不是身體上的。分析句子可知，空格處應填入形容詞作表語。根據句意，此處指“情緒上的”，故用emotion的形容詞emotional作表語，意為“感情的；情感的；情緒的”。故填emotional。【19題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他之所以成功，是因為他對音樂有著濃厚的興趣。分析句子可知，空格處應填入形容詞作定語。根據句意，此處指“濃厚的興趣”，故用passion的形容詞passionate，意為“熱情的；熱誠的；狂熱的”。故填passionate。【20題詳解】考查名詞。句意：頒獎典禮將在大廳舉行。分析句子可知，空格處應填入名詞作主語。根據句意，此處指“頒獎典禮”，在定冠詞The后用present的名詞presentation，意為“演示；提交；授予；頒發；頒獎儀式”。故填presentation。二、根據提示翻譯句子。8'21.我們將探索各種收集信息的方法。(approach)（漢譯英）【答案】Wewillexplorevariousapproachestogatheringinformation.【解析】【詳解】考查時態、名詞和動名詞。分析句意可知，句子時態用一般將來時，“我們將探索”是wewillexplore，“各種”是various，“收集信息”是gatherinformation，“……的方法”是approachtodoing，位于various后需用復數，故翻譯為Wewillexplorevariousapproachestogatheringinformation.22.她所有的時間都在抱怨她的經理。(complain)（漢譯英）【答案】Shespendsallhertimecomplainingabouthermanager.【解析】【詳解】考查時態，固定短語和主謂一致。“所有的時間都在做某事”用固定短語spendallone’stimedoingsth.，主語是she，因此one’s用her，句子描述經常性動作，時態用一般現在時，主語she是第三人稱單數，因此spend用第三人稱單數，“抱怨她的經理”是complainabouthermanager，因此整句話翻譯為“Shespendsallhertimecomplainingabouthermanager”，故答案為Shespendsallhertimecomplainingabouthermanager.23.接下來您和另外三位評委討論并確定第一、二、三名獲獎選手。(decision)（漢譯英）【答案】Nextyoudiscusswiththreeotherjudgesandmakeadecisiononthefirst,secondandthirdwinners.【解析】【詳解】考查祈使句和固定短語。“接下來”是next，“您和另外三位評委討論并確定第一-、二、三名獲獎選手”用祈使句，“您和另外三位評委討論”是youdiscusswiththreeotherjudges，“并確定”是andmakeadecisionon，“第一、二、三名獲獎選手”是thefirst,secondandthirdwinners，故答案為Nextyoudiscusswiththreeotherjudgesandmakeadecisiononthefirst,secondandthirdwinners.24.他的研究不僅已經幫助中國找到擺脫饑餓的方法，同時還促進了世界和平和社會發展。(contribute)（漢譯英）【答案】HisresearchhasnotonlyhelpedChinafindawaytoremovehunger,butalsocontributedtoworldpeaceandsocialdevelopment.【解析】【詳解】考查短語和時態。notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……；waytodosth.做某事的方法；removehunger擺脫饑餓；contributeto促進；worldpeace世界和平；socialdevelopment社會發展。陳述過去事情對現在的影響，用現在完成時。主語為Hisresearch，謂語動詞用has。根據句意，故翻譯為HisresearchhasnotonlyhelpedChinafindawaytoremovehunger,butalsocontributedtoworldpeaceandsocialdevelopment.第二部分語法(共10分)三、語法填空。閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。A語法填空Theysaythatyoucan'tteach____25____olddognewtricks,butwhenitcomestothebrain,scientistshavediscoveredthatthisoldsayingsimplyisn'ttrue.Thehumanbrainhasan____26____(astonish)abilitytoadaptandchange-evenintooldage.Thisabilityisknownasneuroplasticity(神經可塑性).Thebrain'sincredibleabilitytoreshape____27____(it)holdstruewhenitcomestolearningandmemory.Youcanharnessthenaturalpowerofneuroplasticitytoincreaseyourcognitiveabilities,enhanceyourabilitytolearnnewinformation,andimproveyourmemoryatanyage.【答案】25.an26.astonishing27.itself【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了人類的大腦有著驚人的適應和改變能力，這種能力被稱為神經可塑性。人們可以利用神經可塑性的自然力量來提高認知能力，增強學習新信息的能力，以及提高記憶力。【25題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：人們說你不能教一只老狗新把戲（你不可能使守舊的人接受新事物）但當涉及到大腦時，科學家們發現這句老話根本不是真的。分析句子可知，空格處應填入冠詞。此處指“一只，一個”，表泛指，故用不定冠詞。因old讀音以元音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞an。故填an。【26題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：人類的大腦有著驚人的適應和改變的能力，甚至到了老年。分析句子可知，空格處應填入形容詞。此處修飾名詞ability，指“驚人的，令人驚訝的”，故用astonish的現在分詞形式astonishing。故填astonishing。【27題詳解】考查反身代詞。句意：當涉及學習和記憶時，大腦驚人的自我重塑能力是正確的。分析句子可知，空格處應填入代詞作賓語。主語是Thebrain，此處指“大腦自我修復”，故用it的反身代詞itself。故填itself。B語法填空Whenlockdowns____28____(happen),suddenlylocationjustdidn’tmatterasmuchanymore.“Wesawalotofre-deepeningwithlong-distancerelationships,”Nelsonsaid.“Beforethis,wedidn’twanttobeonthephone.Butthroughcalls,textsandvideochats,long-distancefriendswereable____29____(stay)intouchanddeepentheirconnections.”Nelsonalsosaidtherewasabigtrendthatpeoplereachedouttoformerfriendsthey____30____(lose)contactwithinawhile.“Whenpeoplecouldn’tgomeetnewpeopleandfeltlonely,theironlyoptionwastoreconnectwithsomeone.”【答案】28.happened29.tostay30.hadlost【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要指出封鎖可以促進人與人之間的交流。【28題詳解】考查一般過去時。句意：當封鎖突然發生時，位置不再那么重要了。分析句子可知，空格處應填時間狀語從句的謂語動詞，根據主句的謂語didn’tmatter，可以判斷從句用一般過去時時。故應填happened。【29題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：但通過電話、短信和視頻聊天，異地朋友可以保持聯系，加深聯系。分析句子結構，根據上文wereable可知需填入to構成beableto短語，后接動詞原形，意為“會，能夠”。故填tostay。【30題詳解】考查過去完成時。句意：尼爾森還表示，現在有一個大趨勢，就是人們會聯系已經失去聯系一段時間的前朋友。分析句子可知，空格處應作定語從句的謂語動詞，根據句意可以判斷從句動作lose應發生在主句的謂語reachedoutto之前，故應用過去完成時。故應填hadlost。C語法填空AsNickGleasonsaid,“Successisallaboutgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlosing____31____(enthusiastic)”Failure____32____(associate)withperseverance,anditcanevenproveveryusefulinyourjourney.Itmustbeadmittedthatlivingthroughitallowsyoutoappreciatethefullflavorofsuccesslateron!Moreover,itallowsyoutopauseandreflecton____33____hasputyouincheck.In____34____(do)so,youcanconsideralternativesthatyoumightnothavethoughtofandthatwillhelpyouinthepursuitofyourproject.Inthisway,failurecanbebeneficial.【答案】31.enthusiasm32.isassociated33.what34.doing【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了失敗的作用和意義。【31題詳解】考查名詞。句意：成功就是屢敗屢戰而不失熱情。根據句意和空格前介詞without可知，應填入名詞enthusiasm作賓語，意為“熱情”。故填enthusiasm。【32題詳解】考查動詞時態語態。句意：失敗與堅持不懈有關，它甚至可以在你的人生旅程中被證明是非常有用的。分析句子可知，associate(聯系)是分句中謂語動詞，與主語Failure之間是被動關系，結合上下文，講述人生哲理，應使用一般現在時態，又因主語是不可數名詞，所以謂語動詞應使用單數形式。綜上，謂語應用一般現在時的被動語態，單數形式。故填isassociated。【33題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：此外，它還能讓你停下來，反思是什么讓你止步不前。連接代詞what引導名詞性從句時，在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語，表示“……的人/事/物/話/地方”。分析句子可知，空格后是賓語從句，從句引導詞在從句中作主語，表示“讓你止步不前的事情”。綜上，應用連接代詞what引導詞該賓語從句。故填what。【34題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：在這樣做的過程中，您可以考慮您可能沒有想到的替代方案，這將有助于您追求您的項目。介詞后跟動名詞作賓語。故填doing。第三部分閱讀理解(共32分)四、閱讀6篇短文，從每題所給的選項中,選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑;或者根據短文內容回答問題，并將答案寫在答題卡上。(第43-47題每題1分)AAstudybytheInstituteforEmploymentStudiesfoundthatolderlearnersreportedhigherlifeenjoymentandgreaterconfidence.Thefollowingappswillhelpyoulearnsomethingnew.1.QuizletBestfor:BoostingyourknowledgeandbrushingupyourskillsWhetheryou'rebrushinguponalanguage,gardeningknowledgeandcookingtechniques,orhavingagoodcommandofyourfavouriteliteratureclassics,theonlinelearningplatform,Quizlet,givesyouaccesstoover300milliondifferentstudysetsonalmostanysubjectyoucanimagine-forfree.2.BabbelBestfor:LearninganewlanguageAswellasbeingagreatskilltoshowoffonholiday,learninganewlanguagecanhaveprofoundeffectsonthewayyouapproachproblem-solvingandmightevengiveyoualeg-upinyourcareer.Withclassesdesignedtobe10-15minuteslong,Babbelencourageslearninginshort,yetachievable,bursts.Sothissummer,whetheryou'reonthebeachsoakingupsomesun,orsimplyrelaxingathome,whynotgivelanguagelearningatry?3BlinkistBestfor:Bite-sizedbooklearningBlinkististheperfectapptoassistyouthissummer,providingthekeyhighlightsfromnon-fictionbooksinbothaudioandtextform.Whetheryouwanttostartanewbusiness,improveyourmanagementskills,orachieveabetterwork/lifebalance,micro-learningappBlinkisttakeskeyideasfromnon-fictiontextsandsummarizethemintoeasy-to-consume15-minutedigests.4.RementeBestfor:ImprovingmentalwellbeingStressissomethingthatmostofusfaceonadailybasis—beitatworkorathome-andcontinualworryandstresscanbeharmfultoourhealth.Whethertheaimistoimprovementalwellbeing,mindfulness,stressmanagementorpersonalorprofessionalrelationships,Rementeguidesauserthrougheverystepinordertomaketheirgoalsareality.Itdoesthisthroughslittingyouroverallaimintodailygoals,makinglargetasksmanageableandkeepingyouontrack.35.Whichappcouldhelpyouifyoufeelgreatpressureinyourwork?A.Quizlet. B.Babbel. C.Blinkist. D.Remente.36.WhatdoQuizletandBabbelhaveincommon?Theyboth.A.providefreeclassesforusers B.aresuitableforlanguagelearningC.offer10-15minutesclassesforusers D.helpimproveyourproblem-solvingskills37.Whatisthepurposetowritethepassage?A.Toattractpeopletousetheapps.B.Toexplainsomenewinventions.C.Topersuadepeopletobuytheirproducts.D.Toentertainreaderswithsomeinterestingthings.【答案】35.D36.B37.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了幾款能幫助你學習新東西的應用程序。【35題詳解】細節理解題。根據Remente部分“Whethertheaimistoimprovementalwellbeing,mindfulness,stressmanagementorpersonalorprofessionalrelationships,Rementeguidesauserthrougheverystepinordertomaketheirgoalsareality.（無論目的是改善心理健康、正念、壓力管理還是個人或職業關系，Remente都會引導用戶完成每一步，以實現他們的目標。）”可知，如果你在工作中感到巨大壓力，Remente可以幫助你。故選D。【36題詳解】細節理解題。根據Quizlet部分“Whetheryou'rebrushinguponalanguage（無論你是在溫習一門語言）”以及Babbel部分“Bestfor:Learninganewlanguage（最適合：學習一門新語言）”可知，這兩個應用程序都適用于學語言。故選B。【37題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一自然段“AstudybytheInstituteforEmploymentStudiesfoundthatolderlearnersreportedhigherlifeenjoymentandgreaterconfidence.Thefollowingappswillhelpyoulearnsomethingnew.（就業研究所的一項研究發現，年齡較大的學習者更享受生活，更有信心。以下應用程序將幫助你學習新知識。）”可知，本文主要介紹了幾款能幫助人們學習新東西的應用程序，旨在吸引人們使用這些應用程序。故選A。BInoticedadadandhissonatthepark.Hissonwasn’tabletocommunicate,butheseemedsatisfiedsittinginthesand.Thedadexplainedtomethathissoncouldonlymakesomesounds.Theboyhadbeeninspeechtherapy(言語治療)foryears.Aftersomuchtimeintherapy,theboywasabletokeepeyecontactforafewseconds!Hetoldmehowexpensivethetherapiesforhisson’sspecialneedswereandwhatapleasureitwastoseealloftheyearsofhardworkpayoff.Aswetalkedabouttherapy,thedadsharedwithmethathisgoalforhisboywastosomedaybeabletogoforicecreamtogether.Hesaidhisfatherusedtotakehimoutforicecreamandhehopedhecoulddothesamewithhischild.Suddenly,thesonstoppedputtinghisfingersinthesand,lookedathisfatherandsaid,“hi”.Secondslatertheboywentbackintohisownworld.Thedadwantedtosaysomething,butbecouldn’t.Hisloveforthisboywassogreatthatthewordswouldnotcome.Butwhatdidcomeweretears.Thosetearsconveyedhowproudhewasofhisson.Althoughtheywerestrangerstome,Iamhappytohavesharedtheunforgettablemoment.Ihopesomedaytheywillbeabletogoforicecreamandhaveabeautifulfatherandsonouting.Thiseventtouchedmedeeplyandmademeconsidermyrelationshipwithmyownfather.Ihopethatastheycommunicatefurther,moreandmorememorieswillbecreatedforthemtoshare.Ibelievethefeelingsheldbyallawesomefathers—theirhardwork,theirlove,theirpride,andtheirtearsoflove—areallthesame.38.ParaphrasetheunderlinedpartinParagraph1.39.Howdidthefatherfeelafterhissonsaid“hi”tohim?40.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusthroughthestory?A.Afather’sloveforhischildrenistouching.B.Alltheparentsvaluetheirchildren’sachievements.C.Strongrelationshipwithafatherisgoodforchildren.D.Childrenwithillnessesshouldbepaidmoreattentionto.【答案】38.Howgreatitwastoseehisson’sprogressinspiteofyearsofhardwork!39.Hefeltproud.40.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者見到了一個幾乎不能說話的兒子和他的父親，了解到他們之間的感人故事。從而引發了作者對自己和父親之間關系的思考，讓我們感嘆父愛的偉大。【38題詳解】考查推理判斷。根據劃線句子“whatapleasureitwastoseealloftheyearsofhardworkpayoff.(看到這么多年的辛勤工作得到回報是多么令人高興)”可推知，此處指父親看到孩子經過長時間的治療取得的進步感到欣慰。故答案為Howgreatitwastoseehisson’sprogressinspiteofyearsofhardwork!【39題詳解】考查細節理解。根據第二自然段“Thosetearsconveyedhowproudhewasofhisson.(這些眼淚表達了他對兒子的驕傲)”可知，這位父親感到很驕傲。故答案為Hefeltproud。【40題詳解】主旨大意題。根據文章最后一段“Ibelievethefeelingsheldbyallawesomefathers—theirhardwork,theirlove,theirpride,andtheirtearsoflove-areallthesame.(我相信所有了不起的父親所擁有的情感——他們的辛勤工作、他們的愛、他們的驕傲和他們的愛之淚——都是一樣的)”可知，這是本文的主旨句。本文就是要通過這對父子之間的故事說明父愛是無條件的、是偉大的、是動人的。故選A。CChinesesprinterSuBingtiancalledhimselfoneofthebiggestbeneficiariesofsportexchangebetweenChinaandtheWesternworldinaninterviewwithChinaNewsService(CNS).31-year-oldSumadehistoryintheTokyoOlympicsbysettingthenewAsianrecordformen’s100mat9.83secondsinthesemifinalandfinishingsixthinthefinalat9.98seconds.ThereusedtobethebiasedviewthatnoAsiansprintercanfinish100mwithin10seconds.Suprovedpeoplewrongwithhisperformance.“Ineverthoughtwecouldn’tdoit,buttherehavebeensomeproblemswithourconceptoftrainingthewholetime.Nowwediditbyfinishingat9.83seconds.That’sbestprooftobeatsuchprejudice,”saidSutoCNS.SuBingtianofChinacelebratesafterfinishingmen’s100msemifinalat9.83secondsintheTokyoOlympicsattheOlympicStadiuminTokyo,Japan,AugustI,2021./CFPSubelievesscientifictrainingplaysakeyroleinhissuccess.“Irealizedthatrunningasmuchaspossibledoesnotnecessarilyhelpyourunfaster.Scientifictrainingattachesmoreimportancetoapplyingoftechniqueandrequiresyoutodoitrightinsteadofdoingitalot.Inthatway,athletescansavemorestrengthintrainingandrecoverfaster,”saidSu.AccordingtoSu,hedidnotunderstandsomeofthemovescoachesaskedhimtodowhenhewenttotrainabroadatthebeginning.Ittookhimyearstorealizetheimportanceofscientifictraining,especiallystaminaallocation(耐力分配)，aswellashowtodoitonthefield.“That’swhyIchosetochangehowIstartedoffattheendof2014andacquiredanewrunningpace,”saidSu.SuandhisAmericancoachRandyHuntingtonbegantocooperatein2017.HuntingtonmadedetailedanalysisofSu’sconditionbasedon“championmodel”fromthestartbeforearrangingspecifictrainingsessionsforSutoworkon.Susaidthatplayedakeyroleintheprocessofhimmakingbreakthrough.Whenaskediftherewillbeanother“SuBingtian”inthefuture,Su’sanswerwas“Yes,100percent.”“PeopleinthefuturecandefinitelydowhatIcando.I’mlookingforwardtoseeingiftheycandoitbetterthanme.Allrecordsaretobebroken,”saidSu.41.AccordingtoParagraph2,whatwasthesignificanceofSu’sachievement?42.WhydidSuchangehiswayoftraining?A.Becausecoachesaskedhimtodosowhenhewenttotrainabroad.B.BecausecoachesanalyzedSu’sconditionbasedon“championmodel”.C.Becausehegraspedthesignificanceandmethodsofscientifictraining.D.Becausehewantedtosavemorestrengthintrainingandrecoverfaster.43.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?APeoplewilldothesameasSuBingtiandid.B.NobodywilldowhatSuBingtianhasdone.C.SuBingtianwantstoseewhowillbreakhisrecord.D.SuBingtianthinkssomeonewilldobetterthanhim.44.Givethispassageatitle.【答案】41.ThesignificanceofSu’sachievementisthatSubecamethefirstAsiantofinishthemen’s100mraceat9.83secondsandhisachievementprovesthatAsiansprintercanfinish100mwithin10seconds.42.C43.D44.ThefirstAsiantofinishthemen’s100mracewithin10seconds【解析】【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。短跑運動員蘇炳添在東京奧運會上以秒的成績打破了亞洲紀錄，成為第一個在十秒內跑完100米的亞洲人，打破了人們認為亞洲人天生就不可能在西方長期主宰的項目上取得成功的偏見。【41題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第二段“31-year-oldSumadehistoryintheTokyoOlympicsbysettingthenewAsianrecordformen’s100mat9.83secondsinthesemifinalandfinishingsixthinthefinalat9.98seconds.ThereusedtobethebiasedviewthatnoAsiansprintercanfinish100mwithin10seconds.Suprovedpeoplewrongwithhisperformance.(31歲的蘇炳天在東京奧運會上創造了歷史，他在半決賽中以9秒83的成績創造了男子100米的亞洲新紀錄，在決賽中以9秒98的成績名列第六。過去有一種偏見，認為亞洲短跑運動員不可能在10秒內跑完100米。蘇用他的表現證明人們錯了。)”可知蘇的成就的意義在于成功地證明了亞洲短跑運動員也可以在100米賽跑中表現出色。故答案為ThesignificanceofSu’sachievementisthatSubecamethefirstAsiantofinishthemen’s100mraceat9.83secondsandhisachievementprovesthatAsiansprintercanfinish100mwithin10seconds.【42題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章倒數第三段“Ittookhimyearstorealizetheimportanceofscientifictraining,especiallystaminaallocation(耐力分配)，aswellashowtodoitonthefield.“That’swhyIchosetochangehowIstartedoffattheendof2014andacquiredanewrunningpace,”saidSu.(他花了很多年才意識到科學訓練的重要性，尤其是耐力分配，以及如何在球場上做到這一點。“這就是為什么我選擇在2014年底改變我的跑步方式，獲得了一個新的跑步速度。”蘇說。)”可知蘇之所以改變訓練方式，是因為他掌握了科學訓練的意義和方法。故選C項。【43題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段““PeopleinthefuturecandefinitelydowhatIcando.I’mlookingforwardtoseeingiftheycandoitbetterthanme.Allrecordsaretobebroken,”saidSu.(“將來的人一定能做我能做的事。我期待著看他們是否能比我做得更好。所有的記錄都會被打破。”蘇說。)”可知蘇相信在將來一定有人會比他做得得更好。故選D項。【44題詳解】主旨大意題。根據文章第二段“31-year-oldSumadehistoryintheTokyoOlympicsbysettingthenewAsianrecordformen’s100mat9.83secondsinthesemifinalandfinishingsixthinthefinalat9.98seconds.ThereusedtobethebiasedviewthatnoAsiansprintercanfinish100mwithin10seconds.Suprovedpeoplewrongwithhisperformance.(31歲的蘇炳天在東京奧運會上創造了歷史，他在半決賽中以9秒83的成績創造了男子100米的亞洲新紀錄，在決賽中以9秒98的成績名列第六。過去有一種偏見，認為亞洲短跑運動員不可能在10秒內跑完100米。蘇用他的表現證明人們錯了。)”以及全文的內容可知文章主要在圍繞著蘇炳天打破100男子短跑紀錄的意義及原因所展開，所以ThefirstAsiantofinishthemen’s100mracewithin10seconds(第一位在10秒內完成男子100米比賽的亞洲選手)符合文意。故文章的題目為ThefirstAsiantofinishthemen’s100mracewithin10seconds。DInourfiercelycompetitivesociety,achievementhasbecomethetoppriorityformany.Accordingtonationalsurveyof10,000students,almost80percentofyouthidentifiedindividualachievementorhappinessasmostimportanttothem,whileonly20percentselectedcaringforothers.Ouryouthoftenstrivetobesuccessfulevenifitcomesatacosttotheirmentalhealth,whichmayhelpexplainincreasingratesofanxietyanddepressionamongtheyouth.Actually,youthattitudesaboutachievementstartwithadults.Youngpeoplefollowinthefootstepsofadults.Theycanseehowwetreatsuccessandproductivityassymbolsofhonor.Werewardtheyouthforbeingstraight-Astudents.Weencouragethemtoboosttheirresumeswithendlessextracurricularactivities.Wemaytellourchildrenthatwevaluekindnessandempathy(共情)butdonotalwayspromotethesevalueswiththesameenthusiasmandefforts.Ourcurrentobsessionwithachievementislikelyfuelinganxietywhiledamagingthefabricofoursociety.Ifwewanttohealindividuallyandcollectivelythenweneedtoexaminesomerelationships.Thisprocessstartsbyrecognizingthatsuccessisnotequaltosustainedhappiness.Itmakesmoresensetoachievewiththeaimofmakingapositivecontributiontothelifeofothers.Ifyoujudgesuccessonlybyindividualmeasuressuchasmoney,power,orfame,youwillprobablybedisappointed.Furthermore,let’sbreakthemyththatkindnessisabarriertoachievement.Thereisafalsestatementthatkindnessisweakness.However,theoppositeistrue.Evidencesuggeststhatchildrenwhocareforothersachievemorethanthosewhodonot.Kindnessandachievementarenotmutuallyexclusive.Onecanstrivetoachievetheirindividualgoalsandbekindtoothers.Ourdrivetoachieveisnotnecessarilyabadthing.Itcanhaveapositiveimpactonthelivesofothers.Theproblemoccurswhenwepursuesuccessonlyforindividualpurposes.Thismayultimatelycomeatacosttoourmentalhealth,ourlovedones,andsociety.45.Theauthorpresentssomedatatoshowthat________.46.WecanlearnfromParagraph4that.A.achievementdamagesthesociety B.successmeanssustainedhappinessC.abarriertoachievementisweakness D.kindnesshelpspeopletoachievemore47.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthormainlyintendtoexplain?A.Achievementisthemostimportant.B.Therearemanyreasonsforsuccess.C.Onlyaimingatindividualgoalscausesproblems.D.Pursuingsuccesshasbothbadandgoodinfluences.48.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedesiretoachieve?A.Skeptical. B.Objective.C.Approving. D.Pessimistic.【答案】45.achievementisrankedtop46.D47.C48.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了年輕人對成功狂熱的原因、危害以及解決方案。【45題詳解】考查推理判斷。根據文章第一段“Accordingtonationalsurveyof10,000students,almost80percentofyouthidentifiedindividualachievementorhappinessasmostimportanttothem,whileonly20percentselectedcaringforothers.(根據一項針對1萬名學生的全國性調查，近80%的年輕人認為個人成就或幸福對他們來說最重要，而只有20%的人選擇關心他人。)”可推斷，作者是通過展示一些數據來證明在我們競爭激烈的社會中，成就已成為許多人的頭等大事，成就是排名第一的事。故答案為achievementisrankedtop。46題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第四段“Furthermore,let’sbreakthemyththatkindnessisabarriertoachievement.Thereisafalsestatementthatkindnessisweakness.However,theoppositeistrue.(此外，讓我們打破善良是成就的障礙的神話。有一種錯誤的說法，善良就是軟弱。然而，事實恰恰相反。)”可知，善良幫助人們獲得更多。故選D。【47題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Ouryouthoftenstrivetobesuccessfulevenifitcomesatacosttotheirmentalhealth,whichmayhelpexplainincreasingratesofanxietyanddepressionamongtheyouth.(我們的年輕人經常努力取得成功，即使這以犧牲他們的心理健康為代價，這可能有助于解釋為什么年輕人中焦慮和抑郁的比例越來越高。)”和最后一段“Theproblemoccurswhenwepursuesuccessonlyforindividualpurposes.Thismayultimatelycomeatacosttoourmentalhealth,ourlovedones,andsociety.(當我們只為個人目的追求成功時，問題就出現了。這最終可能會以我們的心理健康、我們所愛的人和社會為代價。)”及全文可推斷，作者主要想解釋只著眼于個人目的會導致問題。故選C。【48題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Ourdrivetoachieveisnotnecessarilyabadthing.Itcanhaveapositiveimpactonthelivesofothers.Theproblemoccurswhenwepursuesuccessonlyforindividualpurposes.Thismayultimatelycomeatacosttoourmentalhealth,ourlovedones,andsociety.(我們追求成就的動力不一定是壞事。它可以對其他人的生活產生積極的影響。當我們只為個人目的追求成功時，問題就出現了。這最終可能會以我們的心理健康、我們所愛的人以及社會為代價。)”可知，作者對實現愿望的態度是不帶個人情感的、客觀的。故選B。ETolearntothinkistolearntoquestion.Thosewhodon’tquestionnevertrulythinkforthemselves.Thesearesimplerulesthathavegovernedtheadvancementofscienceandhumanthoughtsincethebeginningoftime.Advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesandintroducenewones.Unfortunately,itisoftenthegreatandrespectedthinkerswhoendupslowingtheprogressofhumanthought.Aristotlewasabrilliantphilosopherwhosetheoriesexplainedmuchofthenaturalworld,oftenincorrectly.Hewassoesteermed(敬重)bythescientificcommunitythateven1,200yearsafterhisdeath,scientistswerestilltryingtobuilduponhismistakesratherthancorrectthem!Brilliantmindscanfrightenup-and-comingthinkerswhoarenotconfidentoftheirabilities.TheyoftenbelievetheyareinferiortothemindsofgiantssuchasAristotle,leadingmanytoacceptcurrentparadigms(范例)insteadofquestioningthem.I,likemanythinkersofthepast,oncebelievedinmymentalinferiority.Butthatattitudesoonchanged.Mymind’sindependencewasfirststimulatedintheclassroom.Astern65-year-oldelementaryschoolscienceteacheroncetoldmethatlightisatypeofwave.Iconfidentlywentthroughyearsofschoolbelievingthatlightisawave.Oneday,howeverIheardtheGermanexchangestudentmentionthatlightcouldbemadeupofparticles.Astheotherslaughedathisstatement,Istartedtoquestionmybeliefs.Maybetheteachersandtextbookshadn’tgivenmethewholestory.Iwenttothelibrary,didsomeresearchandlearnedofthelight-as-a-waveversuslight-as-a-particledebate.IreadaboutEinstein’sdiscoveryofthedualnatureoflightandlearnedthefactsofaparadox(悖論)thatpuzzlestheworld’sgreatestthinkerstoth