Danger!

Books

may

change

your

life1

LikeLewisCarroll'sAlice,whofallsintoarabbitholeanddiscoversamysteriouswonderland,whenwepickupabookweareabouttoenteranewworld.Webecomeobserversoflifefromthepointofviewofapersonolderthanourselves,orthroughtheeyesofachild.Wemaytravelaroundtheglobetocountriesorcultureswewouldneverdreamofvisitinginreallife.We'llhaveexperienceswhicharenew,sometimesdisconcerting,maybedeeplyattractive,possiblyunpleasantorpainful,butneverlessthanliberatingfromtherealworldwecomefrom.Text2TheEnglishpoetWilliamCowper(1731–1800)said"Variety'stheveryspiceoflife,/Thatgivesitallitsflavour"althoughheneglectedtosaywhereorhowwecouldfindit.Butweknowhewasright.Weknowweliveinaworldofvarietyanddifference.TextWeknowthatpeoplelivevariousdifferentlives,spendtheirtimeinvariousdifferentways,havedifferentjobs,believeindifferentthings,havedifferentopinions,differentcustoms,andspeakdifferentlanguages.Normally,wedon'tknowtheextentofthesedifferences,yetsometimeswhensomethingunusualhappenstomakeusnotice,varietyanddifferenceappearmoreasathreatthananopportunity.Text3Readingbooksallowsustoenjoyandcelebratethisvarietyanddifferenceinsafety,andprovidesuswithanopportunitytogrow.Tointeractwithotherpeople'slivesinthepeaceandquietofourhomesisaprivilegewhichonlyreadingfictioncanaffordus.Weevenunderstand,howeverfleetingly,thatwehavemoreincommonwithotherreadersofbooksinotherculturesthanwemightdowiththefirstpersonwemeetwhenwestepoutofourfrontdoors.Welearntolookbeyondourimmediatesurroundingstothehorizonandalandscapefarawayfromhome.Text4Ifweeverquestionthetruthofthepowerofreadingbooks,weshouldtakethetroubletogotoourlocallibraryorbookshop,oreven,ifwe'refortunateenough,tothebooksonourshelvesathome.TextWeshouldwonderatthestrikingvistascreatedbythetitlesofnovelsrangingfromtheclassicstothemostrecent:TheGrapesofWrathbyJohnSteinbeck,TheFourthHandbyJohnIrving,CancerWardbyAleksandrSolzhenitsyn,ForWhomtheBellTollsbyErnestHemingway,OurManinHavanabyGrahamGreene,TheTimeTraveller'sWifebyAudreyNiffeneggerorSalmonFishing

intheYemenbyPaulTorday.Thenweshouldreflectontheotherliveswe'llmeetoncewebegintoread.Text5Everybookwillhaveitsownlanguageanddialect,itsownvocabularyandgrammar.Wemaynotalwaysunderstandeverywordorsentence,butwhetherwe'reenchantedorwhetherwefeelexcluded,ouremotionsareneverthelessstimulated.Otherpeopleandotherculturesarenotalwaysdistantbecauseofgeography.Inabookwemayconfrontpeoplewholiveinadifferentclimate,havedifferentreligiousbeliefs,orcomefromadifferentethnicgroup.Evenourneighboursdowntheroadmaybestrangerswhowecanonlymeetthroughbooks.Text6Assoonasweareabletolisten,booksaresupremely

influentialinthewaywelive.Fromthebedtimestoryreadbyaparenttotheirchildallthewaythroughtothesittingroomlinedwithbooksinouradulthomes,booksdefineourlives.TheEnglishwriterE.M.Forster(1879–1970)evenhintedatamoremysticalpowerwhichbookspossessoverus.TextHewrote,"Isuggestthattheonlybooksthatinfluenceusarethoseforwhichweareready,andwhichhavegonealittlefurtherdownourparticularpaththanwehavegoneourselves."It'sasiftherightbookcomestoseekusoutattherightmoment,andoffersitselftous–it'snotuswhoseekoutthebook.Text7

ThomasMerton(1915–1968),theAmericanmonk,priestandwriter,wasonceaskedaseriesofsevenquestionsbyajournalist:Namethelastthreebooksyouhaveread,thethreebooksyouarereadingnow,thebooksyouintendtoread,thebooksthathaveinfluencedyou,andwhy,abookthateveryoneshouldread,andwhy.Forthebookswhichhadinfluencedhim,hecited

poeticworksofWilliamBlake,variousplaysbyancientGreekthinkersandwriters,andanumberofreligiouswritings.TextWhenaskedwhytheyhadinfluencedhim,hereplied,"Thesebooksandotherslikethemhavehelpedmetodiscovertherealmeaningofmylife,andhavemadeitpossibleformetogetoutoftheconfusionandmeaninglessnessofanexistencecompletelyimmersedintheneedsandpassivitiesfosteredbyacultureinwhichsalesareeverything."Text8Sohowwouldyouanswerthequestions?9In1947,CliftonFadiman

coinedthetermhome-runbook.Whenabaseballplayerhitsahomerun,hehitstheballsohardandsofarhe'sabletorunroundthefourbasesofthediamond,andscorepointsnotonlyforhimselfbutfortheotherrunnersalreadyonabase.It'sthemostenjoyableandsatisfyingeventinabaseballgame.Text

Likewise,ahome-runbookdescribesnotthechild'sfirstreadingexperience,butthefirsttimetheyreadabookwhichinducessuchpleasureandsatisfactionthattheycan'tputitdown.Forhundredsofmillionsofchildrenaroundtheworld,thebestknownexampleofahome-runbookwillbetheHarryPotter

stories.Text10Asadults,we'realwayslookingforourownhome-runbooks,notjustforthefirsttime,buttimeaftertimeagain.Whoeverhasreadanovelinonesittingwillalwaysrememberthepleasureandsatisfactionwhichawaitus,andeagerly,insistently,sometimesevendesperatelyseekstoreproducethemarvelloussensationagain.Wecannotwithstandthehungertovisitanotherworld,tomeetdifferentpeople,toliveotherlivesandtoreflectonourselves.11Danger!Booksmaychangeyourlife.Suchisthepowerofreading.

Text危險！書可能會改變你的人生1

劉易斯·卡羅爾書中的愛麗絲不小心掉進了兔子洞里，但她在那里發現了一個神奇的仙境。當我們打開一本書時，我們也會像愛麗絲那樣走進一個全新的世界。我們能從一個年長者的角度，或通過一個孩子的眼睛來觀察生活；我們可以周游世界，遍訪現實生活中從沒想過要訪問的國家和文化；我們可以體驗未曾經歷過的事情，這些事情也許令人困惑，也許引人入勝；可能是不愉快的，也可能是令人痛苦的，但無論如何都至少能把我們從現實世界中解放出來。Text2

英國詩人威廉·柯珀（1731-1800）說：“變化是生活的調味品，它讓生活變得有滋有味。”雖然他沒有說在什么地方以及怎樣才能找到變化，但我們知道他說得對。我們知道我們生活在一個充滿變化與差異的世界里。Text我們知道人們的生活各不相同，過日子的方式也不盡不同，人們做不同的工作，有不同的信仰，持不同的觀點，有不同的風俗習慣，說不同的語言。通常，我們不知道這些差異的大小，但一旦發生了不平常的事情并引起了我們的注意，這種變化或差異與其說是機會，毋寧說是威脅。Text3

讀書讓我們能夠安全地享受和慶賀這種變化與差異，并為我們提供成長的機會。在家里安詳平和的環境中與他人的生活互動，這是閱讀小說才享有的特權。我們甚至感覺到——哪怕只是在一瞬間——我們和異文化讀者的共同點或許要多于我們和家門口隨便碰到的一個人的共同點。我們學會把目光移出我們周圍的環境，投向天邊，去領略一下異域風光。Text4

如果我們懷疑讀書是否能給我們力量的話，我們就應該自己去一趟當地的圖書館或書店，或者，如果我們足夠幸運的話，可以讀一讀家里書架上的書。Text我們會驚奇于古今小說的標題所創造出來的壯觀景象：約翰·斯坦貝克的《憤怒的葡萄》、約翰·歐文的《第四只手》、亞歷山大·索爾仁尼琴的《癌病房》、歐內斯特·海明威的《喪鐘為誰而鳴》、格雷厄姆·格林的《哈瓦那特派員》、奧黛麗·尼芬格的《時間旅行者的妻子》、保羅·托迪的《到也門釣鮭魚》。一旦開始閱讀，我們就應該思考一下我們在書中讀到的別樣人生。Text5

每一本書都有自己的語言、方言、詞匯和語法。我們不見得總能理解其中的每一個字、每一句話，但不管我們是癡迷其中，還是覺得被排斥在外，我們的情感被調動起來了。盡管在地理上有一定的距離，但其他民族、其他文化未必就離我們那么遙遠。在書里我們可能遇見生活在不同氣候、有不同信仰、來自不同民族的人。即便是住在同一條街上的鄰居，我們也可能對其一無所知，而只能通過閱讀結識。Text6

小時候，在我們剛剛能聽懂別人說話的時候，書就對我們的生活方式產生了很大的影響。從父母給孩子讀的睡前故事一直到成年后家中擺滿書柜的客廳，書界定了我們的人生。英國作家E.M.福斯特（1879–1970）暗示書對我們具有另一種更加神秘的支配力。Text他寫道：“我認為能影響我們的書籍是那些我們已經準備要讀的書，而且這些書在我們已經選定的道路上走得比我們更遠一些。”合適的書好像自己就會在恰當的時候找到我們，出現在我們面前，而不是我們去尋找那本書。Text7

美國修士、牧師及作家托馬斯·默頓（1915–1968）曾經被記者一連串地問了7個問題：說出你最近讀完的3本書；你正在讀的3本書；你打算要讀的書；對你有影響的書，并解釋一下理由；一本你覺得每人都要讀的書，并解釋一下理由。關于對他有影響的書，他列出了威廉·布萊克的詩集、古希臘思想家和作家寫的各種戲劇以及一些宗教作品。Text當被問及這些書為何會影響他時，他回答說：“這些書——還有其他類似的書籍——幫助我找到了人生的真諦。銷售就是一切的文化培育了人們無止境的需求和消極被動，生活充滿了困惑和空虛，而書籍則把我從這種困惑和空虛中解脫了出來。”Text8

那么，你又會如何回答這些問題呢？91947年，克利夫頓·法迪曼發明了“全壘打書籍”這個詞。當一個棒球手打出一個全壘打時，因為擊球有力、打得遠，他有時間跑完整個棒球場內的四個壘，不僅自己得分，而且還能幫其他各個壘的跑壘者得分，這是棒球賽里最有趣和最開心的事情。Text同樣，一本“全壘打書籍”指的不是兒童第一次讀書的經歷，而是指他第一次讀到一本給他帶來極大愉悅和滿足感的書以至于讓他愛不釋手的經歷。對世界上數以億計的兒童來說，“全壘打書籍”的最典型的例子就是《哈利波特》系列故事。Text10

作為成年人，我們總在尋找自己的“全壘打書籍”，不僅是第一次，而是一次又一次地尋找。所有一口氣讀完一本小說的人都會記得那種令人期待的愉悅和滿足感，并會焦急、固執、有時甚至瘋狂地尋求重復體驗這種感覺。我們想周游另一個世界、想與不同的人見面、想經歷別樣的人生并自我反省，我們無法遏制這樣的渴求。11

危險！書可能會改變你的人生。這就是讀書的力量。TextWords&Phrasesmysteriouswonderlandobserverdisconcertingneglectnormallyinteractmonkmysticalinfluentialsupremelyconfrontexcludeenchantbaserunnerdiamondcoinfosterpassivitymeaninglessnessvistawrathdialectpoeticcitepriestawait

inducelikewiseWords&Phrasesinsistentlydesperatelysensationwithstandpeaceandquiet

havesth.incommon(withsb.)

seekout

Words&PhrasesLewisCarroll

劉易斯·卡羅爾WilliamCowper

威廉·柯珀TheGrapesofWrath

《憤怒的葡萄》JohnSteinbeck

約翰·斯坦貝克TheFourthHand

《第四只手》JohnIrving

約翰·歐文CancerWard

《癌病房》AleksandrSolzhenitsyn

亞歷山大·索爾仁尼琴ForWhomtheBellTolls

《喪鐘為誰而鳴》ErnestHemingway

歐內斯特·海明威Words&PhrasesOur

Man

in

Havana

《哈瓦那特派員》GrahamGreene

格雷厄姆·格林The

Time

Traveller’s

Wife

《時空旅人之妻》AudreyNiffenegger

奧黛麗·尼芬格Salmon

Fishing

in

the

Yemen

《到也門釣鮭魚》PaulTorday

保羅·托迪E.M.Forster

E.M.福斯特ThomasMerton

托馬斯·默頓WilliamBlake

威廉·布萊克CliftonFadiman

克利夫頓·法迪曼mysterious

a.

1)keepingthingssecret,especiallyinawaythatmakesotherpeoplewanttodiscoverwhattheyare神秘的；詭秘的e.g.TherearemanymysteriousstoriesabouttheEgyptianpyramids.

關于埃及金字塔有許多神秘的故事。2)difficultorimpossibletounderstand,explain,oridentify

難以理解的；不可思議的

e.g.Thepoliceareinvestigatingthemysteriousdeathsofchildrenatthehospital.警方正在調查這家醫院里兒童令人費解的死因。Wordfamily:mystery

n.Words&Phraseswonderland

n.

1)[U]animaginarymagicplaceinstories（故事中的）仙境e.g.ThemostsurprisingthingaboutAlice'sAdventuresinWonderland

isitsgenerallackofsurprise.

《愛麗絲夢游仙境》中最令人意外的是它缺少意外。2)[C]aplacethatisbeautiful,strange,andexciting美麗的地方；奇妙的地方e.g.Thesnowstormturnedthetownintoawinterwonderland.

暴雪把小城變成了一個冬季勝地。Words&Phrasesobserver

n.[C]someonewhoseesornoticessth.

觀察者；目擊者e.g.1.Thedriverisapoorobserverofspeedrestrictions.

這個司機不仔細觀察限速標志。2.Themostcasualobserverwouldhavenoticedhisstrangebehaviour.最漫不經心的觀察者也可能留意到了他奇怪的舉動。Wordfamily:

observe

v.Words&Phrasesdisconcerting

a.makingyoufeelworried,confused,orsurprised令人吃驚的；使人困惑的；令人不安的e.g.1.Hisvaguereplywascompletelydisconcerting.

他含糊的回答讓人完全摸不著頭腦。2.Theplaywasspoiledbyalotofdisconcertingnoise.這出戲讓令人不安的嘈雜聲給糟蹋了。Wordfamily:disconcert

v.

e.g.Herconstantshufflingofnewspapersdisconcertedus.

她不斷地亂翻報紙使我們心神不定。Words&Phrasesneglect

vt.1)failtodosth.thatyoushoulddo

漏做；疏忽e.g.1.

Sheneglectedpayingthefine.

她忘了繳罰金。2.Don'tneglecttolockthedoorwhenyouleave.你離開時別忘了鎖門。2)failtopayattentiontosth.suchasanideaoraworkofart無視，忽視e.g.Hewassobusythatheneglectedhishealth.他忙得連身體健康都無法顧及。Words&Phrasesnormally

ad.

1)

inmostsituationsorcases

通常；按慣例e.g.It’sanopportunitytotrythingsyouwouldn’tnormallybeabletodo.你可以借這次機會嘗試平常不可能做的事情。2)intheusualway

正常地

e.g.

Mumwastryingtoactnormally,butshewasclearlyupset.

媽媽試圖表現得正常，但是她明顯很不安。Wordfamily:normal

a.

Antonym:abnormalWords&Phrasesinteract

vi.(~with)iftwoormorepeopleinteract,orifonepersoninteractswithanother,theycommunicatewithoneanotherandreacttooneanother,oftenwhileperforminganactivitytogether相互交流；互動e.g.Inlargeclasses,childrenfeelthattheycannotinteractwiththeteacherproperly.

在人數多的班級里，孩子們覺得無法和老師適當地互動。Wordfamily:interaction

n.

e.g.Thereshouldbealotmoreinteractionbetweenthesocialservicesandlocaldoctors.

社會公益機構和當地醫生應該大力加強互動（協作）。Words&Phrasesvista

n.[C]1)(mainlyliterary)theviewthatyoucanseefromaparticularplace,especiallyabeautifulview

景色，美景e.g.Wespentafewmomentsenjoyingthevistafromthehotelbalcony.我們享受了片刻從酒店陽臺望出去的美景。2)asituationwhichseemstomakeitpossibleforparticularthingstohappenorexist前景；展望e.g.Theendofrestrictionsopenedupnewvistasforinvestment.

限令的結束為投資開創了新的前景。Words&Phraseswrath

n.[U](fml)verygreatanger憤怒；狂怒e.g.1.Hefearedthewrathofhisemployer.他害怕老板發火。2.Bytheirsintheyprovokedthewrathofthepeople.

他們因犯罪而激起民憤。Seealso:

TheGrapesofWrath.Words&Phrasesdialect

n.[C,U]aformofalanguagewhichisspokenonlyinonearea,withwordsorgrammarthatareslightlydifferentfromotherformsofthesamelanguage方言；行話

e.g.

1.Thedialectisspokenprincipallyintheruralareas.

這種方言主要在農村地區使用。2.Everynowandthenhewouldlapseintothelocaldialect.

他講話中不時地冒出當地方言。Words&Perestandattractsomeoneverystrongly

使陶醉；使入迷e.g.1.Thefamilywasenchantedwiththecutelittlegirl.

這一家子非常喜歡這個可愛的小姑娘。2.Shewasenchantedwiththeflowersyousenther.

她非常喜歡你送的花。3.Theballetenchantedus.

那芭蕾舞劇看得我們入迷。Words&Phrasesexcludevt.

1)makesomeonefeelthattheydonotbelongtoyourgroup

排斥（某人）e.g.Ifeltasthoughtheotherwomenwereexcludingme.我感覺其他女人似乎都在排斥我。2)deliberatelypreventsomeoneorsth.frombeinginvolvedinanactivityorfromenteringaplace（故意）把……排除在外，不包括e.g.Thecommitteenowhastodecidewhethertoexcludehimfromthecompetition.委員會現在必須決定是否不讓他參加這個競賽。Antonym:includeWordfamily:exclusion

n.

exclusive

a.Words&Phrasesconfront

vt.

1)deal

with

a

difficult

situationheadon

正視；處理；面對

e.g.

1.Ittakescouragetoconfrontyourfears.正視你的恐懼需要勇氣。2.Weneedtoconfronttheseproblemsbeforeit’stoolate.我們需要在一切都太晚之前把這些問題處理掉。3.Heswungroundtoconfronthisaccusers.

他突然轉過身來直視那些指控他的人。Words&Phrases2)(OFTENPASSIVE)goclosetosomeoneinathreateningway使面對；使遭遇e.g.

1.Theguardondutywasconfrontedbyanarmedman.執勤的衛兵遭遇了一個攜帶武器的人。2.Weneedtocreateeducationstandardsthatprepareournextgenerationwhowillbeconfrontedwithanevenmorecompetitivemarket.(CET4-2005-06)

我們需要創建教育標準，讓我們的下一代準備好面對一個競爭更激烈的市場。Words&Phrasessupremelyad.

extremely,ortothehighestpossibledegree

極其地；極度地e.g.

1.Heagainfeltsupremelyconfidentabouttheexamhewasgoingtoface.

他又覺得對將到的考試充滿信心。

2.FortheenduserGoogleissupremelysimple,visuallyandotherwise

對終端用戶而言，“谷歌”是極其簡約的，無論是視覺效果還是其他。

Wordfamily:supreme

a.Words&Phrasesinfluential a.abletoinfluencethewayotherpeoplethinkorbehave

有影響力的e.g.

1.Heisoneofthemostinfluentialfiguresinthegovernment.他是政府最具影響力的人物之一。2.WhilePradaisoneofthemostinfluentialdesignersintheworld,itseemstherealforcebehindthebusinessisherhusbandBertelli.雖然普拉達是世界上最有影響力的設計師之一，但她的丈夫貝特利似乎才是生意背后的真正決策人。Wordfamily:influence

v.&n.Words&Phrasesmysticala.(also

mystic)

relatingtoorinvolvingmysteriousreligiousorspiritualpowers

神奇的；神秘的e.g.1.AlthoughTheTempestisthemostmysticalofShakespeare'sworks,thereisacomicsub-plot.《暴風雨》是莎士比亞最神秘的作品，但是它的次要情節是有喜劇色彩的。2.Hehadundergoneaprofoundmysticalexperience.他有一段頗具神秘色彩的經歷。Words&Phrasesmonkn.[C]amanwholivesinareligiouscommunityawayfromotherpeople.Monksliveinabuildingcalledamonastery

修道士；僧侶

e.g.Purityisanideafortheyogiorthemonk.純潔是屬于瑜伽士或修道士的觀念。Words&PhrasesChinesemonkspriestn.[C]someonewhosejobistoleadworshipandperformotherdutiesandceremoniesinsomeChristianchurches（某些基督教教堂中的）牧師，神父Words&Phrasese.g.

1.HehadtrainedtobeaCatholicpriest.他受訓成為了一名天主教神父。2.Heconfessedhissintothepriest.他向神父坦陳了自己的罪孽。citevt.mentionsth.asanexample,explanation,orproofofsth.else（作為例子、解釋或對他事的證明而）提出，舉出e.g.

1.LauraHillenbrandisanexamplecitedtoshowhowemotionalenergycancontributetoone’ssuccessinlife.

(CET4-2006-12)勞拉·希倫布蘭德被引作一個例子來表明情感的力量如何能幫助人們獲得人生的成就。

2.Thelawyercitedapreviouscasetosupporthisargument.律師引用了以前的一個案例來支持他的論點。Words&Phrasespoetica.

1)connectedwithpoetryorhavingthequalitiesofpoetry詩的；有詩歌特點的

e.g.Afableisapoeticstorythatillustratesamoralorteachesalesson.

寓言是一種用來闡明道理或給人以教訓的詩歌故事。2)havingqualitiesofdeepfeelingorgracefulexpression詩意的，富有詩情的e.g.Theinterlacingbranchesonthepicturelookpoetic.

圖上交錯的樹枝看起來很有詩意。Wordfamily:poetry

n.Words&Phrasesmeaninglessness

n.

[U]thequalityofhavingnovalueorsignificance沒有明確目的；無意義e.g.

1.Modernartissteepedinpostmodernconceptsofmeaninglessness.現代藝術充滿了無意義的后現代概念。2.Beneaththeirmasksofrelaxationandjovialitytherewasonlysterility,meaninglessnessandfutility.

在輕松享樂后留下的只是頹廢和一無所取。Wordfamily:meaningless

a.

Words&Phrasespassivityn.[U]submissiontoothersortooutsideinfluences被動e.g.

Herstrategicpositionisoneofrelativepassivity.

她的戰略處境相對被動。Wordfamily:passive

a.

Antonym:active

Words&Phrasesfoster

1)vt.helpsth.todevelopoveraperiodoftime

培養；鼓勵；助長e.g.Themothertriedtofosterherson'sinterestinmusic.

母親設法培養兒子對音樂的興趣。2)vt.&vi.lookafterachildaspartofyourfamilyforaperiodoftimebecausethechild’sparentscannotlookafterthem養育，領養e.g.Nowadaysyoungcouplesometimesfoster.

現今年輕夫婦有時領養別人的孩子。CF.

adopt

vt.legallytake(another'schild)andbringitupasone'sownWords&Phrasescoin

1)vt.useawordorphrasethatnoonehasusedbefore

編造，杜撰（新詞語）e.g.ItwasAndersonwhocoinedtheword.

是安德生造了這個字。

2)n.apieceofmetal,usuallyflatandround,thatisusedasmoney硬幣；錢幣Words&Phrasese.g.

Therefereedecidedwhichsideshouldkickoffbyspinningacoin.

裁判員以拋轉硬幣的方式來裁定哪一方先開球。diamondn.[C]thediamond-shapedareaofabaseballfieldwiththefourbasesatitscorners（棒球場的）內場Words&Phrasesrunnern.[C]inbaseball,aplayerwhoisononeofthebaseswaitingfortheballtobehit,sothattheycantrytorunandgetapoint（棒球中的）跑壘者Words&Phrasesbasen.[C]oneofthefourplacesonabaseballorroundersfieldthataplayermusttouchinordertoscorepoints（棒球的）壘Words&Phraseslikewisead.(fml)inthesameway,orinasimilarway

同樣地；照樣地e.g.

1.Thestockholderboughtsharesinthecompanyandadvisedhisclientstodolikewise.股東買了這家公司的股票，并且也建議他的客戶們這么做。2.Itoldhimtowatchmeanddolikewise.我叫他仔細看著我，并且照做。Words&Phrasesinduce vt.causesth.,especiallyamentalorphysicalchange

引起，促使，導致e.g.

1.Theyhopetheirworkwouldinducesocialchange.

他們希望他們的努力能引起社會的變革。2.Bothtreatmentswereeffectiveininducingremissionofthedisease.

兩種治療對于促進病情的緩解都有效果。Words&Phrasesawaitvt.1)ifsth.awaitsyou,itwillhappentoyou（某事）將降臨到……身上e.g.Iwonderwhatsurprisesawaitustoday.

我在想今天什么意外會降臨到我們頭上。2)waitforsth.thatyouexpecttohappen等候；期待e.g.Theywereawaitingthebirthoftheirfirstchild.

他們期待著第一個孩子的出世。 Words&Phrasesinsistentlyad.inaninsistentmanner堅持地

e.g.Diligencedependsonworkinginsistentlyinsteadofworkingendlesslydayandnight.勤奮意味著堅持不懈地工作，并不意味著夜以繼日無休止地工作。Wordfamily:insistent

a.persistentlycontinual堅持不懈的e.g.She’samostinsistentperson;shewon’ttake‘no’forananswer.

她是個非常堅持己見的人，決不容別人反對。Words&Phrasesdesperatelyad.

1)

inaveryworriedorangryway

拼命地；絕望地

e.g.

Themanintheriverdesperatelytriedtoreachtheside.那個落水的人拼命想游到河岸邊。

2)verymuch非常e.g.Thoughdesperatelyillhecouldlingeronformonths.

他雖病入膏肓，卻尚能茍延數月。Wordfamily:desperate

a.

Words&Phrasessensationn.[C]afeeling,especiallyastrangeone,causedbyaparticularexperience

感覺，知覺e.g.

1.Hehadasensationthathewasbeingwatched.

他有種被監視的感覺。2.Iknewthetrainhadstopped,butIhadthesensationthatitwasmovingbackwards.

我知道火車已經停了，但有種火車在倒退的感覺。Words&Phraseswithstandvt.

1)bestrongenoughnottobeharmedordestroyedbysth.

承受住；頂住

e.g.Theycouldnotwithstandtheattackofthosesoldiers.

他們無法頂住那些士兵的襲擊。2)beabletodealwithadifficultsituation對付，應對（困境）e.g.Idon’tknowwhethertheycanwithstandthepoorconditionoftheplaceornot.

我不知道他們是否能應對那里的貧困狀況。Words&Phrasespeaceandquiet:a

calm

situation

in

which

you

are

not

annoyed

by

noise

or

other

people

安靜e.g.

1.It’snottheholidaytochooseifyou’relookingforpeaceandquiet.節假日你休想得到安靜。2.Whatatreattogetintothepeaceandquietofthecountry！進入這鄉間寧靜的環境是難得的樂事！Words&Phraseshavesth.

incommon(withsb.)：havethesameinterestsoropinionsassomeoneelse

（與某人）有共同點e.g.

1.It'sagoodideatozeroinonwhatthetwoofyouhaveincommon,andmakeconversationbasedonthosesimilarities.

確認你們兩個的共同之處，并且以其為基礎進行交談是個好主意。

2.Thetwosistershavenothingincommon.

兩姐妹沒有什么共同之處。Words&Phrasesseekout：findsomeoneorsth.bylookingfortheminadeterminedway（下決心）找到e.g.

1.Heresolvedtoseekoutthetruth.

他決定找出真相。2.McCainbelievesthissystemwillencouragecompaniestoseekoutmoreefficientmeansofproduction.

麥凱恩認為這個制度將會鼓勵企業尋求更高效的生產方式。Words&PhrasesLewisCarroll劉易斯·卡羅爾LewisCarroll(1832–1898)isthepennameofCharlesDodgson.HewasanEnglishwriter,apriest,amathematicianwhotaughtatOxfordUniversity,aphotographer,humoristandwriterofchildren’sliterature.Alice’sAdventuresinWonderland(1865)wasimmediatelysuccessful,amasterpiecewhichrevolutionizedchildren’sliterature,givingcoherenceandlogicthroughwitandhumortounlikelyorimpossibleepisodesinwhichimaginarycreaturesembodyrecognizablehumancharacteristics.HeisalsoknownforThroughtheLookingGlassandWhatAliceFoundThere(1871)andpoems,suchasTheHuntingoftheSnark(1876).Words&PhrasesWords&PhrasesLewisCarrollWilliamCowper威廉·柯珀Words&PhrasesWilliamCowper(1731–1800)

wasanotableEnglishpoet,

writerofhymnsandletter

writer.Hewrote

gentle,pious,

directpoemsabouteveryday

rurallifeandscenesofthe

countryside.Hewasoneofthe

forerunnersoftheRomantic

movement,andColeridgecalled

Cowper“thebestmodernpoet”.

Hetranslated

Homer’sGreek

epicsTheOdysseyandIliadintoEnglish.portraitofWilliamCowperTheGrapesofWrath

《憤怒的葡萄》（約翰·斯坦貝克的長篇小說）Words&PhrasesTheGrapesofWrathisanovelpublishedin1939andwrittenbyJohnSteinbeck,whowasawardedthePulitzerPrizein1940andtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1962.SetduringtheGreatDepression,thenovelfocusesontheJoads,apoorfamilyofsharecroppersdrivenfromtheirOklahomahomebydrought,economichardship,andchangesinfinancialandagriculturalindustries.

FirsteditioncoverDuetotheirnearlyhopelesssituation,andinpartbecausetheyweretrappedintheDustBowl,theJoadssetoutforCalifornia.Alongwiththousandsofother"Okies",theysoughtjobs,land,dignityandafuture.Whenpreparingtowritethenovel,Steinbeckwrote:"Iwanttoputatagofshameonthegreedybastardswhoareresponsibleforthis[theGreatDepressionanditseffects]."Hefamouslysaid,"I'vedonemydamndesttoripareader'snervestorags,"andthisworkwonalargefollowingamongtheworkingclassduetoSteinbeck'ssympathytotheworkers'movementandhisaccessibleprosestyle.Words&Phrases

TheGrapesofWrathisfrequentlyreadinAmericanhighschoolandcollegeliteratureclassesduetoitshistoricalcontextandenduringlegacy.AcelebratedHollywoodfilmversion,starringHenryFondaanddirectedbyJohnFord,wasmadein1940.Words&PhrasesMoviepostersofTheGrapesofWrathJohnSteinbeck約翰·斯坦貝克Words&PhrasesJohnSteinbeck(1902–1968)wasaUSnovelistwhowasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1962.

TheGrapesofWrath(1939)isawell-known,longtragicnovel,whichwonthePulitzer

Prizeandwasmadeintoafilmin1940.Otherwell-knownnovelsincludeOfMiceandMen(1937),Cannery

Row(1945),ThePearl(1947),EastofEden(1952)andanaccountofapersonalrediscoveryofAmerica,

TravelswithCharley:InSearchofAmerica(1962).TheFourthHand

《第四只手》（約翰·歐文的小說）Words&PhrasesTheFourthHand

(2001)isacomic-satiricalnovelaboutaTVjournalist,Wallingford,

whoselefthandisseenbymillionsofviewerstobebittenoffbyacircuslion.Asurgeongiveshimahand

transplant(athirdhand),butDoris,thewifeofthedeaddonor,seducesWallingford,whofallsinlove

withher.Words&PhrasesShehashischild,butdoesn’tlovehim.Afterayear,hisbodyrejectsthetransplantedhand—itisremoved.ButWallingfordstillfeelsthesensationofthemissinghand(likeafourthhand).Finally,

Dorisagreestomarryhim.Thethemesofhands,loveandlifeanddeathcarrytheideaofasecondchance

andthewilltochange.ChineseeditionJohnIrving約翰·歐文JohnWinslowIrving(1942–)isaUSnovelistandAcademyAward-winningscreenwriterwhotaughtEnglishatuniversityandwasawrestlingcoach.SomeofIrving'snovels,suchasTheCiderHouseRulesandAPrayerforOwenMeany,havebeenbestsellersandmanyhavebeenmadeintomovies.HewontheBestAdaptedScreenplayAcademyA