corroborative

adj.確證

List音[k?'?b?.et音

servingtosupportorcorrupt音[k?corruption音[k??p??n]音cortex音['k?:tekcortical音['k?:tk?音corundum音[k?'?nd?m

v.使…adj.的tocausedisintegrationor例Melodramas,whichpresentedstarkoppositionsbetweeninnocenceandcriminality,virtueandcorruption,goodandevil,werepopularexactlybecausetheyofferedtheaudienceaworlddevoidofneutrality.譯確切地說，表現了無罪和、美德和、善和惡之間完全對立的情節劇之所以流行，正是因為它們為觀眾提供了一個缺少中間狀態的世界。thestateofbeing例Commonlyintheplotsoftheseoperas,aherooreusuallyportrayedonlyasanindividual,unfetteredbyclassiscaughtbetweentheimmoralcorruptionofthearistocracyandthedoctrinairerigidityorsecretgreedofthe譯在這些歌劇的一般情節中，一位男主人公或女主人公通常被表現為一個不受羈絆的通常陷于兩種狀態之間：一方面是階層的道德，另一方面是者教條主義般的或不可告人的貪婪。n.皮theouterlayerofgraymatterofthecerebrumand例Inoneexperimentwhenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,namely,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationfromtheauditorycortex,andsoon.譯在一項實驗中，當對一個有意識的人類受試者的大腦皮層的特定感覺區域進行電流刺激時，它便產生了一種與那個特定區域相應的感覺形式，也就是說，視覺來自覺大腦皮層，聽覺來自于聽覺大腦皮層，等等。adj.大腦皮of,relatingto,associatedwith,ordependingonthecerebral譯例Corticallocusturnedouttohavelittleexnatory譯大腦區位理論被證明幾乎不具有解釋性的作用n.剛averyhardmineralthatconsistsofaluminumoxideandoccursinmassiveformandasvariouslycoloredcrystals(asrubyandsapphire),thatcanbesynthesized,andthatisusedasanabrasive例Aluminaalsooccursnaturallyasthemineralcorundum,butcorundumiscosmic音['k?zmkcosmopolitan音[.k?zm?p??t?n]

foundinardpiofigtandnqntlitisanmpisourceformkim譯氧化鋁也會以剛玉這種礦物質形式在自然界中出現，但是，無法找到高純度、大儲量的剛玉，因此，它不是一種實用的鋁礦源。adjcontrasttotheearthalone例Thoughsupernovasareamongthemumofcmiettheseslareplisareoftenhardtodtet,eitherbecausetheyaremfarawayorbecausetheyaredmbytrdustandgascud譯盡管超是最引人注目的宇宙之一，但是人們通常很難探測到這些恒星時的情景，這要么是因為它們離我們太遠了，要么是因為它們被宇宙塵埃和氣體云遮擋而顯得暗淡。adj.世界性pertinentorcommontothewholecosmos音['k?zm?s]costliness音['k?stn

n.宇中theuniverseregardedasanorderly,harmonious中SincedrscientistsfindtheancientGreekiewofthecsmsandirrelevant,theynowpciitasnlofhistorical譯現代的科學家們發現古希臘人的宇宙觀是過時并且（與科學）為那種宇宙觀只具有歷史價值。n.昂thequalitypossessedbysomethingwithagreatpriceorcostume音['k?stju:m音coterminous音[k?u't?:m?n?s]

n.服astyleofdresscharacteristicofaparticularcountry,period,orpeople,oftenworninayoratamasquerade例TheumptuusctumeofRincItalyittheirsilverandmbdandgurbadrtheantithesisofpibityiitsdarkmtlrinshortcpandighcollarsedgedial譯在文藝復興時期，意大利華麗的服裝有著金銀和華麗的織錦，它們與西班牙嚴肅領。adjhavingthesameor countenance音['kaunt?n?ns] ct音[kaunt?'?k 音1音['kaunt?.ɑ:gjum?nt]counterbalance音['kaunt?.b??ns]音1音[.kaunt?'k?k.wacounterevidence音['kaunt?.ev?d?ns]

中v.支持，贊同n.表示支持或贊同的舉止英bearingorexpressionthatoffersapprovalorsanction:moral例Whilelotsofpeopleutilizehomeopathicremediestotreathealthproblems,otherpeopledonotcountenancesuchalternativetreatmentsrelyingonconventionalmedicaltreatmentsinstead.譯盡管很多人使用順勢療療疾病，但是其他人并不贊同這種另類的治療方式，他們仍然依賴傳統的醫學治療方法。中v抵英tomakeineffectiveorrestrainorneutralizetheusuallyilleffectsofbyan例Arromdoesnotdiscusswhetherwomen’simprovedstatuscoun effectsonwomenofinstabilityintheMexicaneconomyduringthe19th譯Arrom沒有討論婦女地位的提高是否抵消了19世紀墨西哥經濟不穩定對婦女產生的影中英n.中英anargumentinoppositionto中v.使平衡，使抵英toactasacouncting ,influence,orweightto;counterpoise;toopposewithanequal ;offsetThoughanydestructionofvitaminscausedbyfoodirradiationcouldbecounterbalancedbytheuseofdietsupplementstheremaybenoprotectionfromcarcinogensthatsomefearmightbeintroducedintofoodsbythe譯盡管由食品照射造成的任何維生素的破壞都可以通過飲食補給來抵消，但是，在這一過程中，沒有對物質的防御，因此有人擔心食物中會出現物質。（注：食品照射，即利用伽馬射線照射蔬菜或水果,品的方法。）中英adj.逆時針方向中英inadirectionoppositetotherotatinghandsofa例Whatcausesahelixinnaturetoappearwitheitherasinistrallefthandedorcounterclockwise)twistoradextral(righthandedorclockwise)twistisoneofthemostintriguingpuzzlesinthescienceofform.譯導致自然界中的螺旋體呈現左旋性(向左旋轉的，或逆時針方向的)或右旋性(向右旋轉的，或順時針方向的)的原因是形態科學中最引人入勝的謎題之一。n反英apleadingbythedefendantinreplyto intiff’scounterpart

中n.對應的人或音['kaunt?pɑ:t]音音counterpoint音['kaunt?p?

onehavingthesamefunctionorcharacteristicsas英例Foucault’srejectionoftheconceptofcontinuityinWesternthought,althoughradical,wasnotunique;hehadcounterpartsintheUnitedStateswho,withoutknowledgeofhiswork,developedparallelideas.英譯oucaut對西方思想中延續性概念的排斥盡管是激進的，但并非唯他獨有；有些和他相似的人，這些人不了解他的研究，但是發展了和他相似的思想。n.對acomplementingorcontrastingn例Additionally,thestyleofsomeBlacknovels,likenToomer’sCane,vergesonexpressionismorsurrealism;doesthistechniqueprovideacounterpointtotheprevalentthemethatportraysthefateagainstwhichBlackheroesarepittedathemeusuallyconveyedbymorenaturalisticmodesofexpression?n譯此外，一 小說的風格，比 Toomer的《甘蔗》，接近表現主義或超音counterposition音['kaunt?.p?'z??n]音3音['kaunt?p?'d?kt音counterproposal音['kaunt?p?.p?uz?

實主義手法；這種手法是否和流行的 人公與命運的對立和抗爭，通常會用更具自然主義風格的表達方式來描繪。n.相反觀areasonorargumentpresentedin例Thoughafewdelegatesgavetheopposition’ssuggestionsavitriolicresponse,mostgreetedthestatementofacounterpositionwith譯盡管一些代表尖刻地回應了建議，但是大多數人還是客氣地聽取了對些相反觀點的陳述。adj.產生效果tendingtohinderratherthanserveone’s例Theinsecticideprovedcounterproductive;bykillingtheweakadultsofaspecies,itassuredthatthestrongadultswouldmateamongthemselvesandproduceoffspringstillmoreresistanttoitseffects.譯殺蟲劑被證實起到了作用；它通過殺死某一物種中弱小的成蟲，確保強壯的成能相互交配并繁殖出對殺蟲劑具有更強抵抗力的后代。 areturnproposalmadebyonewhohasrejecteda音countless音['kaunt

adj.無數toonumeroustobecounted,incapableofbeing例Thenotionthatculturalandbiologicalinfluencesequallydeterminecrossculturaldiversityisdiscreditedbythefactthat,incountlessaspectsofhumanexistence,itisculturalprogrammingthatoverwhelminglyaccountsforcrosspopulationvariance.譯文化和生物影響對交叉文化的多樣性起到了同樣程度的決定作用，而這個觀念遭到了間的差異。coup音[kucouplet音['k?p

n.妙中abrilliantlyexecutedstratagem;a中ThesaleofAkwasnotsomuchanmrcoupasattxpdicforanpriRussiahcwasshortofcashandbtodefenditsowncontinentaltln譯阿拉斯加的 與其說是的妙計，倒不如說是的權宜之計，因為當時俄國 而且不能防御自己的大陸海岸線。n.兩行twosuccessivelinesofverseformingaunitmarkedusuallybyrhythmiccourteous音['k?

例Someonearguethattheldrirymipltinicillwrotehisysdefycvicigtraslati.譯有人認為，Creill在他的戲劇中使用的雙行押韻詩是不可能有令人信服的adj.有禮貌markedbypolishedmanners,gallantry,orceremonialusageofacourtly音['k?utcoverage音['k?v?covert音['k?v?t]

adj.適合宮廷的，中ofaqualitybefittingthe中TheFrenchalnicrpratdaristocraticttitdswihealtdtplarandmpaiz p譯法國體現出的態度，崇尚宮廷般的優雅享受，并注重藝術造詣n.范theextentordegreetowhichsomethingisobserved, adjnotopenlyshown,engagedin,oravowed:音covet音['k?v

v.覬towishforcowardice音['kau?d

ignoblefearinthefaceofdangerorcoworker音['k?uw?k?音crab音[k?音craftsmanship音[‘kɑ:ftsm?n.?音crankiness音['k??kn音crate音[ke音crater音['ke

中n.同事，合作英onethatworkswithanother;afellow例Thatthenewgroupcannotweatheritsfirststaffmeetingwithoutevidenceofthesamefactionsthatitscreationwasintendedtoabolishdidnotaugurfutureharmonyamongcoworkers.譯這個新的不可能在沒有內訌的情況下順利開完它的第一次員工大會，而這次大的召開就是為了希望徹底消除內訌，這也預示了未來在合作者之間的不和諧。例n.例anyofnumerouschieflymarinebroadlybuiltdecapodcrustaceansNevertheless,nearhydrothermalvents,areasoftheoceanwherewarmwateremergesfromsubterraneansources,liveremarkabledensitiesofhugeclams,blindcrabs,andfish.譯然而，在靠近熱水出口的地方，即海洋中的熱水從涌出的區域，生活著當密集的巨型蛤蜊、盲蟹和魚類。例n.手例skillinanoccupationorWhenthatbracingelementofcraftsmanshipceasedtodominate outlook,newtechnicalelementshadtobeadoptedtomaintainthein elementinart.譯當那些在手工藝中讓人興奮的元素不再支配藝術家們的創作觀念時，工藝元素來維持藝術中的理性成分。例n.怪例afussyandeccentricTheaccountofJ.Legh,theweaverandnaturalistwhoisdevotedtothestudyofbiology,vividlyembodiesonekindofresponsetoanurbanindustrialenvironment:anaffinityforlivingthingsthathardens,byitsverycontrastwithitsenvironment,intoakindofcrankiness.譯J.egh是一名紡織工，同時也是一位專注于生物學研究的博物學家，他的記錄生動地將一種對城市工業環境的反應具體化了：由于和環境形成強烈對比，愛必然成為了一種怪癖。n.包裝例anopenboxofwoodenslatsorausuallywoodenprotectivecaseorframeworkforship例Usingmostlydiscardedwoodenobjectslikepackingcrates,brokenpiecesoffurniture,andabandonedarchitecturalornaments,allofwhichhehashoardedforyears,heassemblesarchitecturalconstructionsofgreatbeautyand譯他利用的大多是木質廢棄物，如包裝箱、破家具和被扔掉的建筑裝飾物所有這些都是他多年下來的；他用這些東西組裝出極具美感和力度的建筑結構。例n.隕例adepressionformedbytheimpactofaAccordingtoastronomerS.A.Phinney,kickingarockhardenoughtoitfromEarth’sgravitywouldrequireameteoritecapableofmakinga音craven音['kev?n]creation音[k?'e??n]音creatively音[k'etvcreativity音[.k:etvt音creator音[k'ecredibility音[.ked'bt

morethansixty譯根據天文學家.A.hnney的研究，若要對一塊巖石產生足夠大的沖擊力使其脫離地球的重力作用，至少需要一塊能在地球表面造成一個直徑60多英里撞擊坑的隕石。adj.膽怯lackingtheleastbitofcourage:contemptibly例Theirairofcheerfulselfsacrificeandendlesscomisancewonthemundeservedpraise,sincetheirseeminggallantrywaswhollymotivatedbyacravenwishtoavoidofanysort.譯們表面上的殷勤完全是被逃避各種的膽怯想法所推動的。n.創theactofmaking,inventing,or例Asthecreationofnewknowledgethroughsciencehas institutionalized,toinnovationhas elessaggressivetakingtheformofinertiainsteadofdirectattack.譯了，這種阻力從直接變成了消極的阻礙。adv.創造性inacreative例So,isthelirycriticlikethepoet,respondingcreatively,intuitively,subjectivelytothewrittenwordasthepoetrespondstohumanexperience?譯那么，文學評論家是否和詩人一樣，創造性地、直觀地并且主動地對文字作出反應，就像詩人對人類經驗作出反應那樣？n.創造theabilityto例Peopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualitiesinligence,physicalstrength,agilityandgrace,iccreativity,leadership,endurance,memory,psychologicalinsight,thecapacityforhardworkevenmoralstrength,sensitivity,theabilitytoexpresscompassion.譯人們展現出了各種各樣的品質才智、體能、、優雅、藝術創造力、能力、耐力、力、頓悟和努力工作的能力，甚至還有道德品質、敏感性和表示同n.創造onethatcreatesusuallybybringingsomethingnewororiginalinto例Thoughthementalprocessthatcreatesafreshandoriginalpoemordramaisdoubtlessogoustothatwhichoriginatesandelaboratesscientificdiscoveries,thereisclearlyadiscernibledifferencebetweenthecreators.譯盡管創作新鮮、的詩歌或戲劇的心理過程與發起并完善科學發現的過程相似，但是不同的創作者之間明顯存在可以察覺到的差異。n.可信thequality,capability,orpowertoelicitcredible音['ked?b?音credulity音[k'dju:tcredulous音['kedjucreed音[k音creek音 k

例Thecredibilityofhisevenhandeddescriptionofthesexperiencedbymanycontemporarywomenintheireverydayliveswasunderminedbyhispartisanconclusions.譯他對于許多當代婦女日常生活中所經歷的的公正描述具有可信性，而這種可信被他偏袒性的結論破壞了。adj.可信offeringreasonablegroundsforbeing例Amajorgoaloflaw,todeterpotentialcriminalsbypunishingwrongdoers,isnotservedwhenthepenaltyissorarelyinvokedthatitceasestobeacredible譯當懲罰很少被執行時，它就不再是一種可靠的威懾，而法律通過懲罰犯錯者來阻止潛在行為的主要目標也就無法實現了。n.輕adispositiontobelievetoo例Embroideredwithdetail,rumorsliveonforyears,neitherdeniednorconfirmed,untilthey eacceptedasfactevenamongpeoplenotknownfortheircredulity.譯在細節上被添油加醋的會存在很多年，既不被否定，也不被肯定，直到那些不輕易相信的人都承認它們是事實。adj.輕信的，容易上當readytobelieveespeciallyonslightoruncertain例Thepopularityofpseudoscienceandquackmedicinesinthe19thcenturysuggeststhatpeoplewereverycredulousbutthegullibilityofthepublictodaymakescitizensofyesterdaylooklikehardnosedskeptics.譯19世紀偽科學和假藥的流行表明人們是很輕信的，但是如今公眾輕信的程度使得過去的人看上去像是頑固的懷疑主義者。n.信asystemofbelief;principles,or例Theactivityhasbeenbriskmoreoveranewcreedhasnow譯這種改變是很快的，而且一種新的信仰已經開始開來n.小灣，小asmallinletorbaynarrowerandextendingfartherinlandthana音crest音[k

n.脊狀突起，aridgeorprominenceonapartofananimal例WhereastheformerspeakaboutmRNAandconformationalchangesofproteinmolecules,thelatterspeakofectoderms,hypoblasts,andneural譯當前者討論mRNA和蛋白質分子的構象變化時，后者則在談論外胚層、內胚層和神經脊。criminality音[.km'n?t音criminally音['kmn

thestate,quality,orfactofbeing例Melodramas,whichpresentedstarkoppositionsbetweeninnocenceandcriminality,virtueandcorruption,goodandevil,werepopularexactlybecausetheyofferedtheaudienceaworlddevoidofneutrality.譯確切地說，表現了無罪和、美德和、善與惡之間完全對立的情節劇之所以流行，正是因為它們為觀眾提供了一個缺少中間狀態的世界。adv.inviolationofthelaw;inacriminalcriterion音[ka ?n]

n.標astandardonwhichajudgmentordecisionmaybe例Rosenblatt’sbookBlackFictioninattemptingtoapplyliryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.音critically音['ktkcritique音[k'tk音crochet音[k?u'?e

譯Rosenbat的著作《 小說》，通過試圖應用文學標準而非社會政治標準來研究其題材，成功地改變了此前的大多數采用的方法。adv.性例Onaccountoftheseprejudices,womenwhouseanintuitiveapproachintheircriticismmayfindthemselveschargedwithinabilitytobeytical,tobeobjective,ortothinkcritically.譯由于這些偏見的存在，在評論中采用方法的女性(評論家)們可能會發現自己被責為缺乏分析能力、無法做到客觀或無法進行思考。n.批評，acriticalrevieworcommentary,especiallyonedealingwithworksofartor例Theradicalcritiquesofthismainstreamresearchmodel,suchasthecritiquedevelopedinDividedSociety,attachtheissueofethnicassimilationtoomechanicallytofactorsofeconomicandsocialmobilityandarethereforeunabletoilluminatetheculturalsubordinationofPuertoRicansasacolonial譯對這一主流研究模型的激進批評，例如《的社會》一書中所那種，過于機械地將少數民族同化問題與經濟和社會流動性因素聯系起來，從而無法闡明波多黎各人作為一個殖民地少數民族的文化從屬關系。n.鉤針織needleworkconsistingoftheinterlockingofloopedstitchesformedwithasinglethreadandahookedneedle例Thewriterarguesforserioustreatmentofsuchartsascrochetandfindingintoomanyarthistoriansaculturalblindnesstraceabletotheirprejudiceagainsttextilesasamediuminwhichwomens譯該作者主張要認真對待像鉤針編織和這樣的藝術，因為他發現，在太多的藝術音crosscut音['k?s.k音crossfire音['k?s.fa?crucial音['ku??音crumble音['k?mb?音crusher音['k音crutch音[k

在這一領域中，女性藝術家們則占據著主導地位。n.tointerweave(fragmentsoftwoormorescenes)ina例Thoseincludedtheflashback,permittingbroadpsychologicalandemotionalexplorationaswellasnarrativethatwasnotchronologicalandthecrosscutbetweentwoparallelactionstoheightensuspenseandexcitement.譯頭，還包括在兩組平行動作之間進行交叉剪接來增強懸念和刺激。n.交叉火 opinionsconverge例RecentlytheideathatCezanneinfluencedCubismhasbeencaughtinthecrossfirebetweenarthistorianswhocreditBraquewithitsinventionandthosewhotoutPicasso.譯最近，Cezanne影響了立體派的觀點陷入了激烈的交鋒中，一些藝術歷史學家把它歸功于Baqe的發明，而另外一些藝術歷史學家則極力吹捧cass。adj.至關重要的，importantoressentialasresolvingacrisis:例Inspiteofitsvirtues,thebookdealsinadequaywithanumberofcrucial譯盡管這本書有一些優點，但它對很多關鍵問題的處理是不適當的v.破tobreakdown y:例Theeconomistswerestunnedtofindthatthetheorywhichtheyhadconsideredinvulnerablecrumbledwhenmoderntechniquesforeconomicmodelingmadeitpossibletomakenewkindsofobservationthatcontradicteditsfundamentalassumptions.譯經濟學們家吃驚地發現，當現代經濟學建模方法使得與其基本假設相的新的觀測法出現時，他們曾經認為無懈可擊的理論被擊破了。n.壓碎adevicethatcrushes例Asymmetrybeginstoappearinthejuvenile6thstageofdevelopment,andthepairedclawsfurtherdivergetowardwelldefinedcutterandcrusherclawsduringsucceedingstages.譯在幼年成長的第六個階段，不對稱開始出現，在隨后的各階段中，成對的兩只螯進n.拐asupporttypicallyfittingunderthearmpitforusebythedisabledincryogenic音[.ka?d?enkcryptic音['kptk

adj.低溫oforrelatingtolow例Cryogenicenergystoragehastheadvantageofbeingsuitableinanylocation,regardlessofgeographyorgeology,factorswhichmaylimitbothundergroundgasstorageandpumpedhydroelectricstorage.譯低溫能量 的優勢是它可以在任何地方實現，不必考慮地理或地質條件，而這些素會限制 天然氣和抽水蓄能水力發電。adj.含義隱晦usingcodeor音crystalline音['kst?.an音crystallization音[.kst?'ze??n]音crystallize音['kst?.a音crystallography音[.kst?'?g?f

adj.晶體resemblingcrystal,asintransparencyordistinctnessofstructureor例Thereforeinmetalsthekineticsfavorsrapidformationofacrystallinestructure,whereasinnonmetallicglassestherateofformationissoslowthatalmostanycoolingrateissufficienttoresultinanamorphousstructure.譯因此，在金屬中，運動有利于晶體結構的快速形成，但在非金屬玻璃中，晶體形成速度相當慢，所以幾乎任何冷卻速度都足以導致非晶體結構的形成。n.結晶theformationof例Itseemstomethatpowermustbeunderstoodasthemultiplicityofrelationswhichareimmanentinthesocialsphere;astheprocessthat,throughceaselessstruggleand ,transforms,strengthens,orreversesthem;asthesupportthatthese relationsfindinoneanother,oronthecontrary,thedisjunctionsandcontradictionsthatisolatethemfromoneanother;andlastly,asthestrategiesinwhichtheytakeeffect,whosegeneraldesignorinstitutionalcrystallizationisembodiedinthestateapparatus,intheformulationofthelaw,inthevarioussocialhegemonies.譯在我看來，權力似乎必須被理解為多種在社會環境中根深蒂固的力量關系；被理解為一個過程，它通過持續與，將這些力量關系改變、強化或顛倒；被理解為這些力量關系彼此間的相互支持，或與此相反的，讓它們彼此間相互孤立的與；最后，被理解為這些力量關系借以發揮作用的策略，其總體規劃方案或制度形成過程包含在國家機器中，包含在法律的制定中，包含在形形的社會霸權中v.使…結tocausetoformcrystalsorassumecrystalline例Aresidualobstacletopracticalapplicationsthatislikelytobe factthatglassymetalswillcrystallizeatrelativelylowtemperatureswhenheatedslightly.譯對于實際應用來說，剩下來的一個或許能被克服的是這樣一個事實，即玻璃金屬稍微受熱就會在相對低的溫度下結晶。n.結晶thescienceofcrystalstructureandcubism音['kjubz?mcuckoo音['kuku:]cue音[kjuculminate音['k?mne音culmination音[.k?m'ne??n]音culpability音[k?p?'b?t

Garnet’scrystallographyiscommonlysomewhatsimilartothatof石榴石的晶體結構通常有些類似于石的晶體結構n.立體派，立體主astyleofartthatstresses structureattheexpenseofotherpictorialelementsespeciallybydisyingseveralaspectsofthesameobjectsimultaneouslyandbyfragmentingtheformofdepicted例RecentlytheideathatCezanneinfluencedCubismhasbeencaughtinthecrossfirebetweenarthistorianswhocreditBraquewithitsinventionandthosewhotoutPicasso.譯最近，Cezanne影響了立體派的觀點陷入了激烈的交鋒中，一些藝術歷史學家把它歸功于Baqe的發明，而另外一些藝術歷史學家則極力吹捧cass。n.布谷alargelygrayishbrownEuropeanbird(Cuculuscanorus)thatisaparasitegiventolayingitseggsinthenestsofotherbirdswhichhatchthemandreartheoffspring例Ifanimalparentswerejudgedbyhumanstandards,thecuckoowouldbeoneofnature’smorefecklesscreatures,blithelylayingitseggsinthenestsofotherbirdsleavingtheincubatingandnurturingtothem.譯它們毫不在意地將蛋產在其他鳥的巢里，并且讓其他的鳥孵化并養育。n.線afeatureindicatingthenatureofsomething例Bees,birds,andotherspeciescankeeptrackoftimewithoutanysensorycuesfromtheoutsideworld,andsuch“biologicalclocks”clearlycontributetotheir“compasssense”.譯蜜蜂、鳥類以及其他物種可以不依賴于來自外界的任何感官線索記錄時間，物鐘”顯然對其“方位感”起到了正面作用。v.達到頂點，達到；結束，告toreachthehighestpoint;tocometo例Thetwoideologiesclashedrepeatedly,culminatinginamilitarythatledtovictoryfortheUS.譯兩種一次又一次地發生，在以的勝利而終結的軍事中達到高潮。n.頂點，culminatingposition:例ThefamousconversionofhismiddleyearsmovinglyrecountedinhisConfessionwasaculminationofearlyspirituallife,notadeparturefromit.譯他在他的作品《錄》中以感人至深的方式敘述了他在中年時期世人皆知的轉變這個轉變是他早期精神生活的頂點而不是對其的背離。astateof音culpable音['k?p?b

adj.deservingofblameorcensureasbeingwrong,evil,improper,orcult音[k?cultivation音[.k?tve??n]cultural音['k?t???音cumbersome音['k?mb?s?m

n.obsessive,especiallyfaddish,devotiontoorvenerationfora principle,orthing例TheEnglishnovelistWilliamMakepeaceThackerayconsideredthecultofthecriminalsodangerousthathecriticizedDickens’OliverTwistformakingthecharactersinthethieves’kitchensoriveting.譯英國小說家WilliamMakepeaceThackeray認為對的是非常的，所以他n.培theactof例Thecultivationoftheemotionofnatsukashiiinterpretableas“pleasantsorrowbringsJapanesetoKyotointhespringnottosavorthecherryblossomsinfullbloombutrathertogrieveoverthefading,falling譯“鄉愁”情緒（可以解釋為“令人愉悅的憂傷情緒”）的培養把人帶到了春天的adj.文化的‖adv.文化意義上oforrelatingtocultureor例Althoughin18thcenturyEngland,anactiveculturallife beginningsofmiddleclassconsumerism,thedegreeoflicywasuncorrelatedwiththeriseofsuchconsumerisminthedifferentareasofthe譯盡管在18世紀的英國，中產消費主義開始時伴隨著活躍的文化生活，但受教育程度與國內不同地區消費主義的興起并沒有關聯。（注：消費主義即主張消費刺激經濟）adj.不方便troublesomeorcumulative音['kjumjuet

adj.累積的，漸增increasingorenlargingbysuccessive例Itisnotquiteamatterofdisagreeingwiththeindependencetheorybutofrejectingitsimplications:thattheromancesmaybetakeninanyornoseparateastheworksofamodernnovelist.譯這樣做在很大程度上并非表示不同意這種獨立性理論，擯棄該理論暗含的意思：即這些文學可按照任何順序或根本不按照任何順序來閱讀；它們不具有任累加效果；它們就像當代小說家的作品那樣彼此無關。curb音[k?

v.控制，約tocheckorcontrolwithorasifwitha音curiously音['kju:?scurrency音['k??ns音curriculum音[k?'kju?m音cursorily音['k?

adv.詭異inacurious(excitingattentionasstrange,novel,orunexpected)例ConsideringhowlonghehadyearnedtoseeItalyhisfirstreactionwascuriouslytepid.譯考慮到他長期以來渴望去意大利，他的第一反應卻并不熱情，這有些古怪n.通貨，貨幣n.流transmissionfrom asamediumofexchange;例Thescientistfounditpuzzlingthatherrival’stheoryretaineditscurrencydespitewidespreadsuggestionsthatitwasnowmoribund.譯讓這位科學家迷惑不解的是：對手的理論依然流行，盡管有廣泛的跡象表明該論已經沒有生命力了。n.課thecoursesofferedbyaneducational例Thedemiseoftherigorousacademiccurriculuminhighschoolresulted,partly,fromtheprogressiverhetoricthatsanctionedthestudyofsubjectspreviouslythoughtinappropriateaspartofschoollearning.譯高中之所以取消嚴格的學術課程，部分是由進步性導致的，這些鼓勵開設那些之前被認為不適合中學教學的學科。adv.馬虎地，粗略withouttakingcurt音[k?

adj.唐突無禮markedbyrudeorperemptoryshortness:音curtail音[k?:'te音curtailment音[k?:'tem

v.削tomakelessbyorasifbycuttingofforawaysome例Topreventannihilationbyparasitessomecaterpillarsareabletocurtailperiodsofactivegrowthbyprematurelyenteringadormantstate,whichischaracterizedbythesuspensionoffeeding.譯種休眠狀態的特點是它們會暫停進食。n.縮theactofcurtailing:thestateofbeingcustodian音[k?st?ud?n]customarily音['k?st?m customary音['k?st?m?音cutaneous音[kju:'ten?s]音cutter音音cutterlike音['k?t?,ak

n.看守onethatguardsandprotectsormaintains;especially:oneentrustedwithguardingandkeepropertyorrecordsorwithcustodyorguardianshipofprisonersorinmatesadv.通常，bycustom;accordingtocommon例Thenaivetéthatcharacterizestheyoungeradolescent’sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfromanignoranceoffactsbutfromconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandisnotcustomarilydoneandofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.譯年紀更輕的青少年們對政治的理解的普遍特征是