Partone：earlyandmedievalenglishliteratureChapter1:themakingofenglandtheBritontheRomanConsequenttheEnglishConsequentthesocialconditionoftheAnglo-SaxonsChapter2:Beowulf<Beowulf>貝奧武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdysseyArtisticfeatures:UsingalliterationUsingmetaphorandunderstatementDefinitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththeconsonantsound（頭韻）SomeexamplesonP5Definitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideasChapter3:FeudalEnglandtheNormanConsequest:①theDanishinvasionKingAlfred:theAnglo-SaxonChronicle②theNormanConsequest:MarkstheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland\FeudaEnglandSocialfeaturesoftheFeudaEngland：Twoclasses（landlordandpeasant）Themiseriesofthepeasant：BlackDeathTheraisingof1381theRomance:knightFamousthree:KingArthurSirGawainandtheGreenKnightBeowulfChapter4WilliamLanglandPiersThePlowman耕者皮爾斯:apictureoffeudalEngland①theexposureoftherulingclasses②thestoryoftheCatandRats③themarriageofladyMeed④theconditionofthepeasants⑤thesearchfortruth⑥arepresentativeofthemostoppressedsectionofthepeasantryArtisticfeatures:ItiswrittenintheformofadreamvisionUsingsymbolismChapter5theEnglishBllads民謠OralliteratureBallad:isastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymeTheRobinHoodBalladChapter6GeofferyChaucer英國文學史上首先用倫敦方言寫作。約翰·德萊頓（JohnDryden）稱其為“英國詩歌之父”ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.①<TheCanterburyTales>坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(雙韻體)bymiddleEnglish ②<TroilusandCriseyde特羅伊拉斯和克萊希德> ③<TheHouseofFame>聲譽之宮PartTwo：TheEnglishRenaissanceAperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEngliRenaissance.Chapter1OldEnglandintransitionthenewmonarchythereformation3theEnglishBible：JhonWycliffe,translatedthefirstcompleteEnglishBileAuthorizedVersion:alsocalledKingJamesBibletheenclosuremovementthecommercialexoansionthewarbetweenSpain：itendedwiththerouteoftheSpanishfleet"Armada"theRenaissanceandHumanismRenaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,ainEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.Humanism:reflectedthenewoutlookoftherisingbourgeoisclass,whichsawtheworopenningbeforeit.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeare8WilliamCaxton:thefirstEnglishprinterChapter2ThomasMoreOneofthegreatestEnglishhumanistsUtopia烏托邦:anidealcummunistsocietyThomas:1norevolutionaryinthesenseofwishingtoarousethepeopleortostartanymovementstillretainsthefeaturesofclassexploitationhecouldneverfindatthattimethemeansbywhichsocialismcouldberealized.Chapter3thefloweringofEnglishliteraturetheflourishingofliteratureSirPhilipSidneyApoetandcriticpoetryAstrophelandStella,ApologyforpoetryWalterRaleigh:DiscoveryofGuianaEdmundSpenser埃德蒙?斯賓塞1552~1599Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey<TheFaerieQueene仙后>(forQueenElizabeth)Itiswritteninaspecialverseformthatconsisitsof8iambicpentameterlinesfollowedbya9iambicfeet(analexandrine),withtherhymeschemeababbcbbcThethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromant“Fiercewarsandfaithfulllovesc ”.Artisticfeatures:UsingSpenserianStanzaDefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentametelastlineiniambichexameter.<TheShepherdsCalendar牧人日歷> ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.<Amoretti>愛情小唱JohnLyly"gentlereader"EuphuesFrancisBacon弗蘭西斯?培根1561~1626（哲學家、散文家；在論述探究知識的著作中提出了知識就是力量這一著名論斷；近代唯物主義哲學的奠基人和近代實驗科學的先驅。）ThefounderofEnglishmaterialistThefounderofmodernscienceinEnglishPhilosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.①<TheAdvancementofLearning學術的推進> ②<Essays>隨筆(famousquotas:<Ofstudies>)ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.Chapter4DramaThehighestgloryoftheEnglishRenaissancewasunquestionablyitsdramathemiracleplaythemoralityplaytheinterludetheclassicaldramatheLondontheatreChapter5ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗?馬洛1564~1595“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama（完善了無韻體詩。）Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.①<TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus浮士德博士的悲劇（根據德國民間故事書寫成）> ②<Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝③<TheJewofMalta>馬耳他的猶太人Significanceofhisplays:theheroesofhisplaysaregenerallydistinguishedbyaresolutecharacter,ascornoforthodoxandanoverpoweringpaasion.Thepraiseofindividualityfreedfromtherestraintsofmedievaldogmasandlaw,andtheconvicttheboundlesspossibilityofhumaneffortdinconqueringtheuniverse.thehero'sindividualisticambitionoftenbringsruinstotheruintotheworldandsometomestothemselves.Hisliteraryachievement:thegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdramareformedthelanguageandverseofdramaticworksfirstmadeblankverse.Hisblankversehasbeencalledas"titanic"famousforhis"mightyline".ItismightyandplasticpavethewayfortheShakespeareChapter6WilliamShakespeare威廉?莎士比亞1564~161637plays①Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV；RichardII；HenryVIII②FourComedies:<AsYouLikeIt>皆大歡喜;<TwelfthNight>第十二夜;<AMidsummerNight’SDream>仲夏夜之夢;<MerchantOfVenice>威尼斯商人③FourTragedies:<Hamlet>哈姆萊特;<Othello>奧賽羅;<KingLear>李爾王;<Macbeth>麥克白④poems:1venusandadonis2ShakespeareSonnet154<: TheSonnets>Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefggAsonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.3therapeoflucreceFeaturesofShakespeare'sdrama:oneofthefounderofrealisminworldliteratureoftenusedthemethodofadoptationhislongexperiencewiththestageandhisintimateknowledgeofdramaticartthusacuiredmakehmasterhandforplaywriting.skilledinmanypoeticforms:song,sonnet,couplet,dramaticblankverseagreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguageChapter7BenJonson①<ComedyofHumours>②<Volpone,orthefox>狐貍③EveryManinHisHumouraprolificdramatistPartthreetheperiodoftheEnglishbourgeoisrevolutionChaper1theEnglishrevolutionandtheReatoration1theweakeningofthetiebetweenmonarchyandbourgeoise2theclashesbetweenthekingandparliamenttheoutburstoftheEnglishrevolution:thesplitwiththerevolutioncampthebourgeoisdictatorshipandtherestoration6thereligiouscloakoftheEnglishrevolution:Alsocalledthepuritanrevolution.Puritanismisthereligiousdoctrine7literatureoftherevolutionperiodChapter2JohnMilton約翰?彌爾頓1608~1674（詩人、政論家;失明后寫《失樂園》、《復樂園》、《力士參孫》。）①Epics:<ParadiseLost>失樂園:writteninblankverseInthepoemgodisnobetterthanadespot.Godiscruelandunjust.AdamandEveembodyMiltonbelifeinthepowersofman.Thedesriptionofhell,Satanistherealheroofthepoem.SatanisthespiritquestioningtheofGod.<ParadiseRegained>復樂園②Dramaticpoem:<SamsonAgonistes>力士參孫:Apoeticaldrama.③<Areopagitica>論出版自由:asadeclarationofpeople'sfreedomofthepress,hasbeenaweaponinthelaterdemocraticrevulotionstruggles.<TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople>為英國人民聲辯:asthespokesmanoftherevolution.④<OnHisBlindness>我的失明Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesbest.Milton:hewasapoliticalinbothhislifeandhisart.HewasamilitantpamphleteeroftheEnglishRevolution,andthegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetin17thcenturywrotethegreatestepicinEnglishliterature.HeandShakespearehavealwaysbeenregardedaspatternsofEnglishversehefirstusedblankverseinnon-dramaticworks.Inparadiselost,heacquiresanabsolutemasttheblankverse.heisagreatstylist,grandstyle.hissublimityofthoughtandmajestyofexpression.Chapter3JohnBunyan約翰?班揚1628~1688（代表作《天路歷程》，宗教寓言，被譽為“具有永恒意義的百科全書”，是英國文學史上里程碑式著作。與但丁的《神曲》、奧古斯丁的《懺悔錄》并列為世界三大宗教題材文學杰作。）Puritanpoet(清教徒派詩人)①ReligionaryAllegory:<ThePilgrim’sProgress>天路歷程Chapter4metaphysicalpoetsandCavalierpoetsBesidesMiltonandBunyan,otherpoetsandwriterswhoseworksexpressquitedifferentideasandsentiments.TheyarecalledmetapysicalsbySamuelJohnsonJohnDonnetheMetaphysicalpoet(玄學派詩人).MetaphysicalPoetry(玄學詩)：（用語）thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.（主題：love,religious,thought）Artisticfeatures:conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻syllogism三段論Meditations沉思錄TheFlea虱子SongsAndSonnetsHolySonnets③Valediction:<ForbiddingMourning>GeorgeHerbertThesaintofthemetaphysicalschoolSingthegloryofGodAltarAndrewMarvellApuritanTohiscoymistress4HenryVaughanandRichardCrashaw:TworeligiospoetsCapter5someprose-writersRobertBurton:Masterpiece:theAnatomyofMelancholyThomasBrowme:ReligioMediciJeremyTaylor:HolyLivingHolyDyingIzaakWalton:TheCompleatAngkerChapter6Restorationliterature1restorationcomedy:Therestorationcomedyisnotoriousforitslicentiousness,beingfullofloveintrigue,andsedandpromiscurityJhonDrydenAllForLoveAbsalomandAchitophelEnglishliteratureoftheRestorationperiodwasmodelledontheliteratureofFrancewclassicismwasthenprevailing.Accordingtoclassicism,dramaandproseshouldallbecontrolledbysomefixedrules.Part4the18thcenturyArevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracyTheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)小說崛起：Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnove現實主義小說)Gothicnovel(哥特式小說)：mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)Chapter1theenlightenmentandclassicisminEnglishliterature1theenlightenmentandthcenturyEngland18①"GloriousRevolution"IndustrialRevolution②theenlightenmentinEurope:anexpressionofstruggleofthebourgeoisieagainstfeudalism③theEnglishEnlighteners2classicism:TheclassicistsmodelledthemselvesonGreekandLatinauthors,andtrytocontrolliterarycreatsomefixedlawsandrulesdrawnfromGreekandLatinworks.TheEnglishclassicistsfollowedthesestandardsintheirwritings.ButthebasicdifferencebetweenDrydenandthe18thcenturyenlightenersliesinthefactthattheformerwrotetopleasethedecliningaristocracyduringtheRestorationperiodwhilelatterwrotefrisingbourgeoisietotidyupthecapitalistsocialorder.Chapter2AddisonandSteeleSteeleandTheTatlerRichardSteele:TheChristianHero（apamphlet）TheTatler(apaper)Thepectator(inconjunctionwithAddison)TheatreJosephAddisonTheCampaign(apoem)Cato(tragedy)SumupAddison'sandSteele'scontributiontotheEnglishliterature:①theirwritingsaffordanewcodeofsocialmoralityfortherisingbourgeosie②theygiveatruepictureofthesociallifeofEngishin18thcentury③inthehandsofthem,theEnglishessayhadcompletelyestablisheditselfasaliterarygenre.Uasaformofcharactersketchingandstory-telling,theyusheredinthedawnofmodernEnglishnoveChapter2AlexanderPope亞歷山大?蒲柏1688~1744（18世紀英國最偉大的詩人，其詩多用“英雄雙韻體”/“heroiccouplets”。詞句工整、精練、富有哲理性。）OneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland.①<AnEssayonCriticism>批評論adiacticpoemArtisticfeatures:1.Using“heroiccouplets”<TheRapeoftheLock>卷發遇劫記<MoralEssays>道德論<EssayonMan>人論<TheDunciad>愚人記poemPopewasanoutstandingenlightenerandthegreatestEnglishpoetoftheclassicalschoolinthefiofthe18thcentury.FrequentlywritingintheformofheroiccoupletsChapter4JonathanSwift喬納森?斯威夫特1667~1745（十八世紀杰出的政論家和諷刺小說家amastersatirist。）<Gulliver’sTravels>格列佛游記(fictionalwork)Fourparts:Lilliput小人國Brobdingnag大人國FlyingIsland飛島Houyhnhnm馬島<AModestProposal一個小小的建議> <TheBattleofBooks>書戰<ATaleofaTub>木桶的故事<TheDrapper’sLetters>一個麻布商的書信Hislanguageissimpleandclearandvigorous.Heisamastersatirist,andhisironyiddeadly.Chapter5DanielDefoe丹尼爾?笛福1660~1731（小說家，新聞記者，小冊子作者；十八世紀英國現實主義小說的奠基人。）Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialanvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.<RobinsonCrusoe>魯賓遜漂流記ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedlonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEnglaRobinsonCrusoeisrepresentativeoftheEnglishbourgeoisie.<MollFlanders><ColonelJacque><Captainsingleton>HewastherealfounderoftherealisticnovelinEngland.Chapter6SamuelRichrardsonPamelaClarissaChapter7HenryFielding亨利?菲爾丁1707~1754（英國小說家，戲劇家，被譽為“英國小說之父”。）Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文體史詩),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.novels:<TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling棄嬰湯姆>?瓊斯<TheHistoryoftheAdventuresofJosephAndrews約瑟夫>?安德魯<TheLifeofMrJonathanWild,theGreat大詩人江奈生> ?威爾德<Amelia>愛米利亞plays:<TheHistoricalRegisterfor一七三六年歷史記事1736> <DonQuixoteinEngland堂吉柯德在英國> Hewasanovelist,dramatist,essayist,politicalpamphleteer.Hedevelopehisnarrativeinthefullest,freest,clearestandmoststraightforardmanner,andalsohimopportunitiesofgiving,atsuitableplaces,personalexplanations.Satireaboundseberywhereinhisworks.HumoroussatireandakindofgrimsatireHebelievedintheeducationalfunctionofthenovel.Heisamasterofstyle.Hisstyleideasy,unlabouredandfamiliar,butextremelyvividandvigorouSympathyfortheworkingpeople,contemptfortheparasites,theexploitersandtheoppressorsChapter8SmollettandSterneTobiasSmollett：RoderickRandom(apicaresquenovel)PererinePickleHunphryClinkerLaurenceSterneTristramShandyASentimentalJourneyChapter918thcenturydramaandSheridanTheenglishdramaofthe18thdoesn'treachthesamehighlevelasitsnovel.Onereason:theLicensingActof1737RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德?布林斯利?施萊登1751~1816<TheRivals>情敵<TheSchoolforScandal>造謠學校Chapter9SamuelJohnson塞繆爾?約翰遜1709~1784Lexicographer,criticandpoetDictionary=<ADictionaryofEnglishLanguage>英語大詞典JamesBoswell:Lifeoflondon(aclassicofEnglishbiography)Chapter11OliverGoldsmith奧利弗?格爾德斯密斯1730~1774poems:<TheTraveller>旅游人<TheDesertedVillage>荒村Bothwritteninheroiccouplet,consistingoftwoiambicpentameterlineslinkedbyrhyme.novel:<TheVicarofWakefield威克菲爾德牧師傳> ③comdies:TheGoodNaturedManShestoopstoConquer④essay:TheCitizenoftheWorldChapter12EdwardGibbonEssayontheStudyofliteratureTheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpireChapter13sentimentalismandpre-romanticisminpoetry1sentimentalisminEnglishpoetryTherepresentativesofsentimentalismcontinuedtostruggleagainstfeudalism,buttheysensedatsametimethecontradictionsintheprocessofcapitalistdevelopment.Theappearanceanddevelopmentofsentimentalismpoetrymarksthemidwayinthetransitionfromclassicismtoitsoppositeromanticism.WilliamCowper:ThetaskGeorgeGrabbe:Thevillage2pre-romanticismThomasPercy:ReliquesofAncientEnglishpoetryJamesMacpherson:Thesaddestandthemostinterestingfigureofthepre-romanticmovement.TheRowleypapersChapter14WilliamBlake威廉?布萊克1757~1827<SongsofInnocence天真之歌> happyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.<SongsofExperience經驗之歌> wordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.Include:<TheChimneySweeper><London><TheTyger>LambisasymbolofpeaceandpurityTygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence<TheMarriageofHeavenandHell天堂與地獄的婚姻> HeidentifiesclassicismwithformalismChapter15RobertBurns羅伯特?彭斯1759~1796ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用蘇格蘭方言寫的詩①<JohnAnderson,MyJo>約翰?安德生，我的愛人②<ARed,RedRose>一朵紅紅的玫瑰<AuldLongSyne>往昔時光<AMan’saManforA’That>不管那一套<MyHeart’sintheHighlands>我的心在那高原上<BruceAtBannockburn>⑦<TheTreeOfLiberty>PartFive:RomanticisminEnglandChapter1theRomanticperiodTheromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s<LyricalBallads>,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.Romanticism:Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人應該是獨立自由的個體)Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romant“TheLakePoets”湖畔詩人，wholivedinthelakedistrict.WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSoutheyImportantevent:TheFrenchRevolutionPeterlooMasscareAmidthesesocialconflictsromanticismaroseasanewliterarytrend.Itprevailedinenglanddurperiod1798-1832.Generallyspeaking,theromanticistsexpressedtheideologyandsentimentofthclassesandsocialstratawhowerediscontentwith,andopposedto,thedevelopmentofcapitalism.Theworksofromanticistsisadissatisfactionwiththebourgeoissociety,theypaidgreatattentispritualandemotionallifeofman.WalterscottmarkedthetransitionChapter2WilliamWordsworth威廉?華茲華斯1770~1850（與柯爾律治、騷塞同被稱為“湖畔派”詩人。TheLakePoets）<LyricalBallads抒情歌謠集> (withSamuelTaylorColeridge)Markedthebreakwiththeconventionalpoeticaltraditionofthe18thcentury.<IWonderedLonelyAsACloud>我好似一朵流云獨自漫游Theme:1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.Comment:Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnatreaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey丁登寺賦TheSolitaryReaper孤獨的割麥女<ThePrelude>序曲autobiographicalpoemChapter3ColeridgeandSoutheyTheLakePoets:SamuelTaylorColeridge塞繆爾?泰勒?科爾律治1772~1834<TheRimeoftheAncientMariner>古舟子頌<Christabel>柯里斯塔貝爾unfinished<KublaKhan>忽必烈汗adream-poemArtisticfeatures:mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,astrangeterritory<FrostatNight>半夜冰霜<Dejection,anOde>憂郁頌<LyricalBallads>抒情歌謠集(withWilliamWordsworth)RobertSouthey<TheFallofRobespierre>withColeridgeChapter4GeorgeGordonByron喬治?戈登?拜倫1788~1824（拜倫式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂熱、浪漫，卻充滿了反抗精神。內心充滿了孤獨與苦悶，卻又蔑視群小。恰爾德·哈羅德是拜倫詩歌中第一個“拜倫式英雄”。）“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesorprinciples.<DonJuan>唐?璜Writteninottavarima,eachstanzacontaining8iambicpentameterlinesrhymedabababcc<ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage>恰爾德?哈羅德爾游記Writteninspenserianstanza,ababbcbbc<Cain>該隱<WhenWeTwoParted>當初我們倆分別<SheWalksInBeauty>Chapter5PersyByssheShelley波西?比希?雪萊1792~1822PoeticDrama：<PrometheusUnbound>解放了的普羅米修斯Theme:thedramacelebraiesman’svictoryovertyrannyandoppressionlongpoem:<QueenMab>麥布女王Condemningtyrannyandexploitatuonandtheunjustwarwagedbytherichtoplunderwealth.Lookinforwardtoahappyfutureformankindbutrejectingthepathofrevolutionbyvoilence.<RevoltofIslam伊斯蘭的反叛> <TheCenci>欽契一家<ADefenceofPoetry詩辯><TheNecessityofAtheism無神論的必要性> anti-religiouspamphletLyrics:<OdetotheWestWind西風頌> Theme:Theauthorexpresshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality.Comparethewestwindtodestroyeroftheoldwhodrivesthelastsignsoflifefromthetrees,andpreservnewwhoscattertheseadsshichsillcometolifeinthespring.Thisisapoemaboutrenewal,abwindblowinglifebackintodeadthings,implyingnotjustanarcoflife(whichwouldendatdeatcycle,whichonlystartsagainwhensomethingdies.Comment:PercyByssheShelley's"OdetotheWestWind"iswritteniniambicpentameter.Itcontainsfsonnetlengthstanzas,eachwithaclosingcouplet.Therhymingschemeformisababcbcdcdedtoneispoignant.Manywillagreethatthispoemisaninvocationforanunseenforcetotakecontrevivelife.Artisticfeatures:Usingrerzarima(三行詩ababcbcdcdedefe…)<ToaSkylark致云雀> Chapter6JohnKeats約翰?濟慈1795~1821(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名詩句。)Fourgreatodes:<OdeonaGrecianUrn希臘古甕頌> <OdetoaNightingale夜鶯頌><OdetoPsyche心靈頌> <OdeOnMelancholy>憂郁頌<ToAutumn>秋頌Theme:ThethemeofJohnKeats'poem,"ToAutumn",isthatchangeisbothnaturalandbeautiful.Thepoempraisesthegloriesofthefallseasonbyusingalmosteverytypeofimagerytobothcharmandappealtothereader.Comment:Thespeakerinthepoemacknowledgesthattimepassesby,butalsoassertsthatthischangeusuyieldssomethingnewandbetterthanwhatcamebefore.Eachofthepoem'sthreestanzasrepresentsevolvingoftwodifferenttypesofchange.Onetypeofchangeshowninthepoemisthechangeofperiodsinaday.Chapter7CharlesLambTheEssaysofEliaChapter8HazlittandLeighHuntWilliamHazlitt:Essay:myfirstacquaintancewithpoetsLeighHunt:Eaasyist,critic,poetHedevelopedthelightmiscellaneouseaasy.Chapter9DeQuinceyTheconfessionsofanEnglishOpium-EaterChapter10WalterScott沃爾特?斯科特1771~1832(歷史小說之父”)Fatherofhistorynovels<RobRoy>羅伯?羅伊<Ivanhoe>艾凡赫FeaturesofWalterScott'shistoricalnovels:hehasanoutstandinggiftofvivifyingthepast.Hecombinedhistoricalfactwithromanticimaginationhistoricaleventsarecloselyinterwovenwiththefatesofindividualsheisconcernednotonlywiththelivesanddeedsofkings,statementsandotherhitoricalfiguisalwaysmindfulofthefateoftheordinarypeople.heisaromantic.heisatroyPart6EnglishCriticalRealismChapter1theriseofEnglishCriticalRealisminEnglandsocialbackgroundFromthethirtiesof19thcentury,thefundamentalcontradictionisthestrugglebetweentheworkersandcapitalist.Strengthenthepolicyofcolonialexpansion.1837,theworkersformulatedtheirpoliticaldemandsinThePeople'sChapter.ChartistMovementandChartistLiteratureDuringtheChartistMovementnumerousChartistorganizationpublishednewspaperandmagazineswhich,besidesarticlesonpoliticalandeconomicalissues,containedpoems,shortstoriesandessliterature.TheChartistwritersintroducedanewthemeintoliterature--thestruggleoftheproletitsrights.ErnestJonesLongpoem:ThegreatestoftheChartistpoets.TheRevoltofHindostan,ortheNewWorldHefollowedthetraditionoftherevolutionaryromanticismofByronandShelley.Lycics:thesongoftheLowerClassesThesongoftheWage-SlaveThomasCooperThelastofthechartistsWilliamJamesLintonAwell-known“agitator”Lyric:BladeTimeWillCome3EnglishCriticalRealismThecriticalrealistsdescribedwithmuchvividnessandgreatartisticskillthechieftraitsoftsocietyandcritizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint.Theenglishcriticalrealistsnotonlygaveasatiricalportrayalofthebourgeoisieandalltherubutalsoshowedprofoundsympathyforthecommonpeople.Theyuseahumourandsatire.Theywereunabletofindagoodsolutiontothesocialcontradictions.Theirworksisnotofrevolutionbutratherofreformism.Chapter2CharlesDickens查爾斯?狄更斯1812~1870（批判現實主義小說家）criticalrealistwriter<ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub匹克威克外傳> <OliverTwist奧利弗?特維斯特（霧都孤兒）> <TheOldCuriosityShop老古玩店> <AChristmasCarol圣誕頌歌> <DombeyandSon>董貝父子<DavidCopperfield>大衛?科波菲爾<BleakHouse>荒涼山莊<HardTimes>艱難時世<ATaleofTwoCities雙城記> (London&Paris)<GreatExpectations遠大前程> <OurMutualFriend我們共同的朋友> Chapter3WilliamMakepeaceThackeray威廉?麥克匹斯?薩克雷1811~1863①<VanityFair>oraNovelwithoutaHero名利場(thenameisanexcerptfrom<ThePilgrim’sProgress>byJohnBunyan)②<TheBookOfSnobs>After1848Thackeraylostallhopeofimprovementinsociallife,andhisscepticismturnedintopessimism.That'swhyhisworksafterVanityFairshowasignofweakeninginideologicaldepthandartisticpower.Chapter4somewomenwritersJaneAusten簡?奧斯丁1775~1817Shecomparedherworkstoafineengravinguponaliterarypieceofivoryonlyinchessquire.①<SenseandSensibility理智與感情> <PrideandPrejudic>傲慢與偏見(chapterI)【ElizabethBennet&Darcy】intheendfalseprideishumbledandprejudicedissolved【Collins&CharlotteLucas】seetherealityofmarriageasanecessarystepifawomanistoavoithewretchednessofagingspinsterhood【Lydia&Wickham】shownthedangersoffecklessrelationshipsunsupportedbymoney.【Mr.&Mrs.Bennet,Mr.Collins,L