/15/15/Unit16Stories人生感悟如何理解“成功”，不同的人有不同的看法。請認真閱讀下面的引語(quotation)，按要求用英語寫一篇短文?！癝uccessistheabilitytogofromonefailuretoanotherwithnolossofenthusiasm.”—SirWinston，Churchill內容要求：1．你對該引語的理解；2.你的相關經歷；3.恰當的結尾。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThisquotationfromWinstonChurchilltellsusthatweshouldn’tgetdiscouragedrightafterfailures.Rathershouldkeeptryingwithenthusiasm.Successconsistsintheabilitytocontinueeffortsthroughfailures.Attheageoftwelve，Igotanicebikeasabirthdaygift.①SoexcitedwasIthatIcouldn’twaittotrymyhandatridingit.However，itwasharderthanexpected.Thebikeseemedtooheavyanddifficulttocontrol.Worsestill，Itookmanyfallsoffthebike.Iwasabouttogiveupwhenmyfathercameandencouragedmetokeepgoing.Withmorepractice，Ididbetterandbetter.②Lookingback，IfeelIwouldn’tbeabletorideabikehadIlostheart.Actually，wecan’tsucceedineverythingwetry.What’simportantisthatweshouldstickatit.根據①句臨摹臨摹1：他工作如此努力，以至于提前一年獲得了博士學位。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________heobtainedhisdoctor’sdegreeaheadofschedule.根據②句臨摹臨摹2：夢想著給自己買一臺電腦，他打算今年暑假打工。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________，heplanstohaveaworkingsummerholidaythisyear.答案：1.Soharddidheworkthat2．DreamingofbuyinghimselfacomputerⅠ.核心單詞識記(一)寫作單詞識記1．abandon(vt.)放棄，遺棄2．preserve(vt.)保護，保存3．witness(v.)目擊，為……作證(n.)目擊者，見證人4．occur(vi.)發生5．gather(vi.&vt.)聚集6．sympathy(n.)同情7．burst(vi.)爆炸；沖，闖8．eager(adj.)渴望的，熱衷的9．expand(v.)擴大，擴充10．apparent(adj.)明顯的，顯而易見的11．uncertain(adj.)不確定的(二)閱讀單詞識記1．fantasyn．想像(幻想)物2．tremblevi.顫抖，發抖3．lossn．遺失，丟失4．characteristicadj.典型的5．sorrown．悲傷，難過6．specificadj.詳細的，特定的7．abnormaladj.反常的，不正常的8．sufferingn．痛苦，困難9．preciousadj.寶貴的，珍貴的10．complexadj.復雜的11．breakthroughn．突破，重大發現12．applaudvi.&vt.鼓掌(三)核心單詞拓展1．particularly(adv.)特別地；特定地→particular(adj.)特別的，特定的，特有的2．significance(n.)重要性；意義→significant(adj.)重大的，有意義的3．origin(n.)起源，開端；出身→original(adj.)最初的，起源的4．restriction(n.)限制，約束→restrict(vt.)限制，約束5．unbearable(adj.)不能忍受的→bearable(adj.)可忍受的→bear(v.)忍受6．criteria(n.)(評判的)標準(復數)→criterion(n.)(評判的)標準(單數)Ⅱ.核心短語背誦1．onceuponatime 從前2．blockout 堵住3．comeinto 進入；得到4．knocksb.over 撞倒某人5．inaway 從某種程度上說6．onone’sside 側身7．splitup (使)解決；決裂8．referto 談到，提及9．holdup 支撐起10．counton 依靠11．figureout 理解name...aftername...after 以……的名字給某人某物命名13．comeacross 偶然遇見14．endup 以……結束，以……告終15．putupwith 容忍，忍受16．inparticular 特別，尤其Ⅲ.經典句式精練1．Nowthat(既然)Helenunderstoodthekeytolanguage，shewasveryeagertolearnmoreanduseitasmuchasshecould.(nowthat引導原因狀語從句)2．HerwordspuzzledmeverymuchbecauseIdidnotthenunderstandanythingunlessItouchedit(除非我用手觸摸它)．(unless引導條件狀語從句)3．Anotherman，lyingonhisside，looksasifheistryingtogetup(好像他正準備起床)．(asif引導表語從句)4．Ithoughtitstrange(認為這很奇怪)thatmyteachercouldnotshowmelove.(thinkit＋adj.＋that.../todo...)5．Theword“think”wasalsoadifficultoneforHelenbutshehadabreakthroughwhileworkingonasimpletask(從事一項簡單工作時)．(狀語從句中的省略)6．Uncertainabouthowtofixthem(拿不準如何安裝它們)，shestoppedtothinkcarefully.(形容詞短語作狀語)7．Itwasthefirsttime(這是第一次)Helenhadunderstoodsuchacomplexword—awordforsomethingshecouldn’ttouch.(Itis/wasthefirsttimethat...句型)8．AsHelen’sknowledgeandvocabularyexpanded，sheaskedmoreandmore(越來越多的)questions.(moreandmore表示越來越多的)9．Plinydescribedacloudcomingdownthemountain，blockingoutthesun(遮擋住太陽)andburyingeverythinginitspath，includingwholevillagesandtowns.(動詞－ing作結果狀語)Ⅳ.課文語法填空根據課文內容用適當的詞填空，使短文完整。StoriesfromHistoryAroundtheendofthefirstcenturyAD，aRomanwriter1.called(call)Plinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathe2.hadwitnessed(witness)asayoungman.TheeruptionhadoccurredonAugust24th,79AD.Thetragedyleft3.adeepimpressiononPliny4.whohadlostanuncleintheeruption.However，morethan1,600yearslater，somescientistsfoundthelosttownsthat5.hadbeenburied(bury)undertheashesofMountVesuvius.Pompeiiislikea“timecapsule”preservingafrozenmomentinhistory.6.Beforetheeruptionoccurred,7.ithadbeenaboomingRomancitywithtemples，markets，restaurantsandtheatres.Todayyoucanvisitthesebuildingsbywalkingalongthe8.original(origin)streetsofthecity.And9.more(many)than250yearssinceexcavationsstarted，thousandsoftouristsandhundredsofscientistsvisitPompeiieveryyear10.tolearn(learn)moreabouttheancientworld.[聯想微空間]1.以－some結尾的形容詞①troublesome惹麻煩的②awesome令人敬畏的③handsome瀟灑的④boresome煩人的⑤likesome討人喜歡的2.un－為否定前綴的詞①unbearable不能忍受的②unbelievable不能相信的③uncomfortable不舒服的④unconditional無條件的⑤uncertain不確定的3.介詞＋way短語①inaway從某種程度上說②bytheway順便說一下③intheway妨礙；擋道④ontheway在……的路上⑤acrosstheway路對面，街對面abandonvt.放棄，遺棄n.放任，放縱[高考佳句](2017·全國卷Ⅲ)However，theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.但是，這些計劃因為財政問題被拋棄?？键c必記(1)abandononeselfto沉溺于……，縱情于……abandondoingsth.放棄做某事(2)withabandon縱情地，放任地(3)abandonedadj.被遺棄的，廢棄的；無約束的單句語法填空①Theboyfeltabandoned(abandon)bytheworld.Soheabandonedhimself(he)toplaying(play)computergamesandthoughtthatlifewasboring.Histeacherandclassmateshelpedhimabandontheideaandabandonplaying(play)computergameswiththeirlove.男孩感覺被這個世界所拋棄了。因此他沉湎于玩網絡游戲并認為生活是無聊的。他的老師和同學用愛幫助他放棄了這種想法并不再沉迷于網絡游戲。②Thegirlsjumpedupanddownandwavedtheirarmswithabandon.那些女孩子跳上跳下盡情地揮舞著手臂。[寫作佳句]Manystudentsabandonthemselvestothecomputergamesnowadays，whichworriestheirparentsalot.如今很多學生迷戀于電腦游戲，這使得他們的父母很擔心。[形象識記]preservevt.保護，保存；維護[高考佳句](2015·湖北卷)Manypeopleareworkinghardtopreservetheseponies.許多人正在努力保護這些小馬?？键c必記(1)preservesb./sth.from/against...保護某人/某物免于……preservesth.＋adj.把某物保存得……(2)preservationn．保護，保存inanexcellentstateofpreservation保存完好單句語法填空①Socialactivitiesusuallypreserveoldpeoplefrom/againstthelonelinessofoldage.社交活動通常防止老年人晚年孤獨。②Thepaintingswereinanexcellentstateofpreservation(preserve)；theyareofgreatvaluetoourstudy.這些畫保存完好，它們對我們的研究有很大價值。③Atthattimeitwasdifficulttohaveone’sbodypreserved(preserve)afterhisorherdeath.在那時人死后，尸體是很難保存的。[名師指津]preserve與reserve詞形相似，但reserve意為“保留；預訂”。witnessvt.&vi.目擊；親見；作證；為……作證n.見證人；目擊者[高考佳句](2017·浙江卷)Italy，whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration，haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.意大利移民傳統不太好，最近幾年已經見證了移民的急劇增長?？键c必記(1)witnessfor/against作有利于/不利于……的證明witnessto(doing)sth.證明(做)某事(2)beawitnessto是……的目擊者；是……的證據give/bearwitnessto為……作證，證明單句語法填空①Theruinsofthesetemplesbear/givewitnesstothepastgreatnessoftheRoman這些廟宇的廢墟見證了羅馬帝國過去的輝煌。②Hisgoodhealthisawitnesstothesuccessofthetreatment.他身體健康證明這種療法是成功的。③Shewitnessedtohavingseen(see)themanenterthebuilding.她作證說看到此人進了那棟建筑物。[名師指津]witness作動詞時，常用擬人化的方式陳述事實，即用事物名詞直接做主語，表述既簡潔又形象。④Theworldhaswitnessed(witness)China’sdevelopmentinspace.世人已經見證了中國在太空方面的發展。[語境助記]Thewitnesswhowitnessedtheincidentgavewitnesstothepoliceandpromisedtobeawitness.目擊了這起事故的目擊者向警察提交了證據并且答應作證人。[寫作佳句]Ourcitywitnessesfourdifferentseasons，plentyofsunshineandgoodrainfall，butinwinteryoumayfeelalittlecold.我們的城市見證了四個不同的季節，陽光和雨量充沛，但在冬天，你可能會覺得有點冷。occurvi.發生；出現；存在[高考佳句](2017·江蘇卷)AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina，forinstance.在中國可能出現年輕勞動力大大減少?？键c必記sth.occurs/occurredtosb.某事被某人想起Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that...某人想起……Itoccurs/occurredtosb.todosth.某人想起做某事(1)完成句子/單句語法填空①Didn’titoccurtoyouthathemightbeinterestedinit?你當時沒有想到他可能對此事感興趣嗎？②Itoccurredtometosee(see)herinhospitalyesterday.昨天我突然想到去醫院看望她。(2)單句改錯③Abrilliantideawasoccurredtome.去掉was④Whendidtheaccidentoccurto.去掉to⑤(2016·北京卷)Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccur.occur→occurred[寫作佳句](2014·遼寧卷)Alongwithyourwonderfulinnovation，youneedtohandinareport，explaininghowtheideaoccurstoyouandwhatmaterialsyouuse.你需要和你奇妙的創新一起提交一份報告，解釋你怎么想到這個點子的，你用的是什么材料。burstvi.爆炸；沖，闖；爆裂；突然發生，突然出現n.爆發，突發[教材原句]Thebuildingexplodedbecauseagaspipehadburst.因為天然氣管道的破裂，這幢樓爆炸了?？键c必記(1)burstinto/in突然闖進；破門而入burstout突然迸發；爆發burstintotears/laughter＝burstoutcrying/laughing突然大哭/大笑burstwithanger/joy/grief勃然大怒/樂不可支/悲痛欲絕(2)aburstof突發的響聲；情感的突然爆發單句語法填空①Idon’tknowwhatitwasinthenovelthatmadehimburstintotears.我不知道是小說中的什么東西使他突然淚如泉涌。②Lastnighttheroomwasburstintobutnothingwastakenaway.昨晚有人闖入房間但沒有帶走任何東西。③Aburstofhandclappingfollowedtheendingofthesong.歌聲結束之后響起了一陣掌聲。④Thepoliceburstin(throughthedoor)andarrestedhim.警察突然闖進(房門)并逮捕了他。[形象識記][名師指津]burstinto和burstout都含有“突然……”之意，burstinto后接名詞，burstout后接動詞－ing形式。⑤Scarcelyhadsheheardthesadstorywhensheburstoutcrying(cry)/burstintotears.她一聽到這悲傷的消息，就失聲痛哭。[寫作佳句]Afterhearingtheinterestingstory，thestudentsburstintolaughter.聽到那個有趣的故事后，學生們放聲大笑。discouragevt.使泄氣，使灰心；阻止，勸阻[高考佳句](2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymylowprogress，Iwasexcited.然而進步慢并沒有使我灰心，我是激動的?？键c必記discouragesb.fromdoingsth.勸/阻止/不鼓勵某人做某事discouragedadj.泄氣的，沮喪的，灰心喪氣的discouragingadj.令人泄氣的，令人沮喪的discouragementn．勸阻；泄氣，使人泄氣的事，挫折，氣餒單句語法填空①Hisparentstriedtodiscouragehimfromgoing(go)abroad，butfailed.他父母試圖阻止他出國，但是失敗了。②(2014·福建卷)ThisquotationfromWinstonChurchilltellsusthatweshouldn’tgetdiscouraged(discourage)rightafterfailures.溫斯頓·丘吉爾的引用語告訴我們失敗之后不應該泄氣。③Theexaminationresultisdiscouraging(discourage)．這次考試結果令人沮喪。④Let’sstartacampaignto_discourage(discourage)smokingamongtheteenagers!讓我們發起一項運動勸阻青少年抽煙。⑤Hewasdiscouragedbytheunsuccessfulattemptanddecidedtogiveitup.Discouragedbytheunsuccessfulattempt，hedecidedtogiveitup.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫句子)[寫作佳句]Iknewthatnothingwouldeverdiscouragehim；hewouldnevergiveupwantingtobeadirector.我知道沒有什么會使他灰心，他永遠也不會放棄想成為一名導演的愿望。expandvt.使擴大，使擴展vi.擴大，擴充，擴展，詳述[英漢詞典]Wemustbuildonourreputationtoexpandthebusiness.我們必須以信譽為基礎擴大業務?？键c必記expandinto(使……)擴大成expandon/uponsth詳述，詳細闡明某事單句語法填空①Hewassoeagertoexpand(expand)hisfarmthathedidnotnoticetheriverflowingslowlytowardshisdoor.他如此急切地盼望擴大他的農場以致他沒有注意到小河正緩慢地流向他家的門。②Heaskedhisteachertoexpandon/uponthestepsofprogramming.他要求老師詳細闡述編制程序的步驟。③(2015·安徽卷)Theirexpanding(expand)businessbecamealargecorporationin1996.由于他們業務的擴張，在1996成為了一家大公司。significancen．重要性；意義；含義[有道詞典]Whatisthesignificanceoflife？Isthereanycriterionforitsmeasurement?一個人的生命究竟有多大意義？這有什么標準可以衡量嗎？考點必記(1)beofgreatsignificance＝beverysignificant非常重要beofnosignificance無意義/不重要thesignificanceof...……的重要性/含義(2)significantadj.重大的；有效的；有意義的；值得注意的；significantlyadv.有重大意義地；意味深長地單句語法填空①Fewpeoplerealizedthesignificance(significant)ofthediscovery.很少有人意識到這一發現的重要性。②Hesmiledsignificantly(significant)athisstudents.他意味深長地對他的學生笑了。③Innovationincardesignisverysignificant.Innovationincardesignisofgreatsignificance.(用“be＋of＋名詞”結構改寫句子)eageradj.渴望的，熱衷的[高考佳句](2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.他們渴望有一個購物中心?？键c必記beeagerfor渴望某事物beeagertodosth.渴望做某事單句語法填空①Sinceyouaresoeagertoget(get)anorderfromusnowwecanplaceanorderwithyou.既然貴方那么想獲得我們的訂單，我們現在可以向你們訂貨了。②It’shumanthateveryoneiseagerforsuccess.人人都渴望成功，這是人之常情。[易混辨析]eager，anxiouseager著重強調對美好事物的向往，可譯作“渴望”，急于看到某事的發生anxious更多強調“焦急，憂慮”，表示擔心某事發生選用以上詞語的適當形式填空③Sheiseagertogotocollege，butanxiousabouttheCollegeEntranceExamination.她渴望上大學，但是，又為高考憂慮。inaway有幾分；從某種意義上講，從某方面來說；在某種程度上[朗文]Inaway，I’malittlesurprisedheacceptedtheoffer.從某種意義上講，他接受了這個報價讓我覺得有點兒驚訝。考點必記alltheway一路上；完全地bywayof經由；途經intheway擋路ontheway在路上innoway絕不(置于句首句子用倒裝)inthisway用這種方法(1)用way的相關短語填空①Wecanallowsuchathingtocontinueinnoway.②Youwillsoonreceivetheparcelforitisontheway.③Youcansolvethisproblemonlyinthisway.(2)同義句改寫④Innowaycanweallowsuchathingtocontinue.(將上題句①變為倒裝句)⑤Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.(將上題句③變為倒裝句)[寫作佳句]Inthisway，Icannotonlyworkitoutbutalsoimprovemyabilitytoovercomeproblemsallbymyself.用這種方法，我不但解決了問題而且提高了獨立克服困難的能力。holdup支撐起；延誤，延遲，推遲；承受?。慌e起[教材原句]Shebecamequitefamouswhensheinventedanewwayofholdingupsuspensionbridgesduringthebuildingprocess.她因在建設過程中發明了一種新的支撐吊橋的方法而聞名?？键c必記holdon等著；挺住；別掛斷holdback阻擋；隱瞞；抑制holdonto抓緊；不放開holdout伸出；維持(1)寫出下列句中holdup的含義①Haditnotbeenforthepostalstrike，myhomelettermightnothavebeenheldup.延誤②Howdoesheholdupundersucharesponsibility？承受住③Idecidedtoholduponthenewsuntilhewassureofit.推遲④Theyhelduptheircoachtocelebratetheirwinning.舉起(2)用hold的相關短語填空⑤Whenheleftthetelephonetofetchapencil，heaskedmetoholdon.當他放下電話去拿鉛筆時，他讓我別掛電話。⑥Noonecanholdbackthewheelofhistory.沒有人能阻擋歷史車輪的前進。⑦Seeinghersonagainaftertwoyears’absence，themotherheldoutherarmstoembracehim.兩年分別后再次看到自己的兒子，這位母親伸出雙臂去擁抱他。putupwith容忍，忍受[有道詞典]Itisn’teasytoputupwithpeoplewhoareimpolite.沒有禮貌的人是令人難以容忍的?？键c必記comeupwith提出，想出keepupwith與……同步，跟上(強調狀態)catchupwith跟上(強調動作)putforward提出；拿出putoff推遲puton穿上；增加單句語法填空/完成句子①Thesuggestionheputforwardatthemeetingwasturneddown.他在會議上提出的建議被拒絕了。②Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.今日事今日畢。③Thebabyhasputononekilogramduringthelastmonth.在過去的一個月里嬰兒體重增加了兩斤。④Ittookmonthstocomeupwithanacceptableplanforthebanks.過了好幾個月才為銀行提出一個可接受的計劃。⑤Hethinksonlyincitiescanchildrenbewellpreparedfortheirfuturelifeandkeepupwiththetrendoftheworld.他認為只有在城里孩子們才能為他們將來的生活做好準備并跟上世界發展的趨勢。lossn．遺失，丟失；喪失；損失；虧損(1)用lose的正確形式填空①(2017·天津卷)Mygoalwastolose(lose)150poundsinoneyearandraise$50,000insupportofamovementfounded30yearsagoto②Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselveslostforwords.③Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertshascausedhearinglossinsometeenagers.④Heenjoyedhismusic，lostinhappiness.(2)單句改錯⑤Heisalwaysatthelosswhattosayinfrontofstrangers.the→agathervi.&vt.聚集；集合；收集單句語法填空/完成句子①Itlookslikeastorm，solet’sgatherupourthingsandstartforhome.②Theharvesthasbeensafelygatheredinthisyear.③Ashesatdowntoeat，weboysgatheredaroundhim.④(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Theinsectsgatherunderthetable(聚集在桌子下)．gradualadj.逐漸的單句語法填空①(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates，buttheyweregradually(gradual)displacedbyhumandevelopment.②Recently，wehaveseenagradual(gradual)trendtowardshealthiereacross偶然遇見；被理解用come的相關短語填空①Asspringwentandsummercame，Mildredstartedtocomeoutmoreandmoreoften.②(2014·福建卷)Iwasamazedthathe’dcomeupwiththissweetidea.③Howdiditcomeaboutthatthemanwasdismissed?④Whenitcomestocooking，sheisalwaystalkingwithoutstop.⑤(2017·天津卷)ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.figureout理解；弄明白；計算出用figure的相關短語填空①Peoplearen’twalkinganymore，iftheycanfigureoutawaytoavoidit.②IfigureonmeetingtheirrepresentativesinHiltononTuesdayafternoon.③Thebillyoupaiddoesn’tfigureinthetipyouhavetogivetothewaiter.blockout堵住，遮??；不去想，忘記單句語法填空①Whenwesawtheroadblocked(block)with