英文寫作中常用的邏輯詞匯

1.并列關系

and,furthermore,morethanthat,also,likewise,moreover,inaddition,whatismore,fbrinstance,forexample

2.轉折關系

although,however,onthecontrary,but,inspiteof,nevertheless,yet,otherwise,despite

3.順序關系

first,second,third,andsoon,then,after,before,next

4.因果關系

asaresult,for,thus,because,fbrthisreason,so,therefore,as,since,consequently,onaccountof

5.歸納關系

asaresult,finally,therefore,accordingly,inshort,thus,consequently,inconclusion,so,inbrief,inaword

幾個用得比較多的句子：

AsfarasIamconcerned,theadvantagesof...outweighitsdisadvantages.Nevertheless,thedisadvantagesof...

isundeniable.

Tosumup/Ingeneral/Onthewhole/Inbrief?Inshort/Inaword,itistruethat...bringaboutbothpositiveand

negativeresults.Butwecantryourbesttoreducethenegativeinfluencetotheleastextent.

Obviously,ineveryaspect,...

Thisdiagramunfoldsaclearcomparisonbetween...and...

Astotheotherthree,thoughthegrowthrateswerenotsohigh,theywereindeedremarkableandimpressive.

英文作文中常用套句

下文中出現的A,B,中(某事物),"sb"(somebody),

要在寫作中要根據上下文進行適當替換.

開頭：

Whenitcomestosomethink...

Thereisapublicdebatetodaythat...

Aisacommenwayof…，butisitawiseone?

Recentalytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus.

提出觀點：

Nowthereisagrowingawarenessthat...

Itistimeweexplorethetruthof...

Nowhereinhistoryhastheissuebeenmorevisible.

進一步提出觀點：

...butthatisonlypartofthehistory.

Anotherequallyimportantaspectis...

Aisbutoneofthemanyeffects.Anotheris...

Besides,otherreasonsare...

提出假想例子的方式：

Supposethat...

Justimaginewhatwouldbelikeif...

Itisreasonabletoexpect...

Itisnotsurprisingthat...

舉普通例子：

Forexample(instance),...

...suchasA,B,Candsoon(soforth)

Agoodcaseinpointis...

Aparticularexampleforthisis...

引用：

Oneofthegreatestearlywriterssaid...

nKnowledgeispower",suchistheremardof...

”.....Thatishowsbcomment(criticize/praise...).

”.....Howoftenwehearsuchwordslikethere.

講故事

(先說故事主體),thisstoryisnotrare.

suchdelimmaweoftenmeetindailylife.

thestorystillhasarealisticsignificance.

提出原因：

Therearemanyreasonsfor...

Why....,foronething,...

Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.

Anydiscussionaboutthisproblemwouldinevitablyinvolves...

Thefirstreasoncanbeobiviouslyseen.

Mostpeoplewouldagreethat...

Somepeoplemayneglectthatinfact...

Otherssuggestthat...

Partoftheexplanationis...

進行對比：

TheadvantagesforAforoutweighthedisadvantagesof...

AlthoughAenjoysadistinctadvantage...

Indeed,AcarriesmuchweightthanBwhensthisconcerned.

Amaybe...,butitsuffersfromthedisadvantagethat...

承上啟下：

Tounderstandthetruthof...,itisalsoimportanttosee...

Astudyof...willmakethispointclear

讓步：

Certainly,Bhasitsownadvantages,suchas...

IdonotdenythatAhasitsownmerits.

結尾：

>Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelydraw

theconclusionthat...

Insummary,itiswiser...

Inshort...

在作文中引用合適的名言警句，會給你的文章增色許多。這里收集了我本人喜愛的一些名言，可能會對你有

用。我們使用引用的位置可以在開頭結尾或正文段落中，

常見的使用形式如下：

Oneofthegreatestearlywriterssaid...

"Knowledgeispower11,suchistheremardof...

”.....Thatishowsbcomment(criticize/praise...).

”.....Howoftenwehearsuchwordslikethere.

Usefulquotations

逆境

byRobertCollier

Ineveryadversitythereliestheseedofanequivalentadvantage.Ineverydefeatthereisalessonshowingyou

howtowinthevictorynexttime.

努力與成功

byAnnLanders

Opportunitiesareusuallydisguisedashardwork,somostpeopledon*trecognizethem.

堅持

byRalphWaldoEmerson

Noonecancheatyououtofultimatesuccessbutyourselves.

Confucius孔子

Ourgreatestgloryisnotinneverfalling...

butinrisingeverytimewefall.

堅持

MotherTeresa

Tokeepalampburningwehavetokeepputtingoilinit.

HenryFord

Nothingisparticularlyhardifyoudivideitinuosmalljobs.

WinstonChurchill

Never,never,never,nevergiveup.

AlbertEinstein

Inuhemiddleofdifficultyliesopportunity.

努力與成功

byCrassus

Thosewhoaimatgreatdeedsmustsuffergreatly.

ThomasEdison

Thereisnosubstitutefbrhardwork.

LeoTolstoi

Thestrongestofallwarriorsarethesetwo-TimeandPatience.

ThomasJefferson

I'magreatbelieverinluck,

andIfindtheharderIwork...

themoreIhaveofit.

RobertCollier

Successisthesumofsmallefforts,repeateddayinanddayout.

RayA.Croc

Luckisadividendofsweat.Themoreyousweat,theluckieryouget.

實際經驗與間接經驗

You*lllearnmoreaboutaroadbytravelingit...

thanbyconsultingallthemapsintheworld.

動機與結果

VinceLombardi

Winningisn'teverything...

butwantingtowinis.

JohnF.Kennedy

Wechoosetogo!tothemoonandotherthings,ootbecausetheyareeasy,butbecausetheyarehard.

Thucydides

Thestrongdowhattheywill.

Theweakdowhattheymust.

為人態度：

JohnWooden

TalentisGodgiven-BeHumble.

Fameismangiven-BeThankful.

Conceitisselfgiven-BeCareful.

行動：

TheodoreRoosevelt

Dowhatyoucan,withwhatyouhave,withwhereyouare.

PubliliusSyrusMaxim

Nooneknowswhathecandotillhetries.

Terence

Thereisnothingsoeasybutthatitbecomesdifficultwhenyoudoitreluctantly.

ThomasFuller

Awisemanturnschanceintogoodfortune.

WilliamHazlitt

Prosperityisagreatteacher;

adversityisagreater.

WilliamPenn

Nopains,nopalm;

nothorns,nothrone;

nogall,noglory;

nocross,nocrown.

WillRogers

Evenifyou'reontherighttrack,you'llgetrunover...ifyoujustsitthere.

Opportunityrarelyknocksonyourdoor.

Knockratheronopportunit/sdoorifyouardentlywishtoenter.

成功與失敗

VinceLombardi

It'snotwhetheryougetknockeddown.

…It'swhetheryougetupagain.

WinstonChurchill

Anoptimistseesanopportunityineverycalamity;

apessimistseesacalamityineveryopportunity.

熱情（年輕/年老）

RalphWaldoEmerson

Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.

信心

JamesAllen

Thewilltodospringsfromtheknowledgethatwecando.

SamuelJohnson

Fewthingsareimpossibletodiligenceandskill.

Aughey

Losttimeisneverfoundagain.

Voltaire

Noproblemcanstandtheassaultofsustainedthinking.

Napoleon

Victorybelongstothemostpersevering.

細心

Euipides

Leavenostoneunturned.

計劃與工作

NormanVincentPeale

Planyourworkfortodayandeveryday;

thenworkyourplan.

HenryFord

Failureisonlytheopportunitytomoreintelligentlybeginagain.

ThomasEdison

Istartwherethelastmanleftoff.

理想與現實

Whatthemindofmancanconceiveandbelieve,

themindofamancanachieve.

勤奮

BenjaminFranklin

Ploughdeepwhilesluggardssleep.

目標

HenryDavidThoreau

Inthelonerunmenhitonlywhattheyaimat.

幸運

EmilyDickinson

Luckisnotchance...

It'stoil...

Fortune'sexpensivesmileisearned.

勤奮

ThomasEdison

Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration.

UsefulQuotations

想象力

AlbertEinstein

Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.

挑戰：

WalterBegehot

Thegreatpleasureinlifeisdoingwhatpeoplesayyoucannotdo.

機會與準備

AbrahamLincoln

Iwillprepareandsomedaymychancewillcome.

信心與事實

HenryFord

Whetheryouthinkyoucanorthinkyoucan*t—youareright.

EnglishProverb

Wherethere'sawilltherefsaway.

Thereisnofailureexceptingnolongertrying.

Luckiswhathappenswhenpreparationmeetsopportunity.

能為四六級寫作加分的精彩好句

一、用于駁性和比較性論文

1.Ingeneral,1don'tagreewith

2.Inmyopinion,thispointofviewdoesn'tholdwater.

3.Thechiefreasonwhy...isthat...

4.Thereisnotruethat...

5.Itisnottruethat...

6.Itcanbeeasilydeniedthan...

7.Wehavenoreasontobelievethat...

8.Whatismoreseriousisthat...

9.Butitispitythat...

10.Besides,weshouldnotneglectthat...

11.Buttheproblemisnotsosimple.Therefore...

12.Othersmayfindthistobetrue,butIbelieverthat...

13.PerhapsIwasquestionwhy...

14.Thereisacertainamountoftruthinthis,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto...

15.Thoughweareinbasicagreementwith...,but

16.WhatseemstobethetroubleisA

17.Yetdifferenceswillbefound,that'swhyIfeelthat...

18.Itwouldbereasonabletotaketheviewthatbutitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthat...

19.Thereisinfactonreasonforussobelievethat...

20.Whatthesepeoplefailtoconsideristhat...

21.Itisonethingtoinsistthat...,itisquiteanothertoshowthat...

22.WonderfulasAis,however,ithasitsowndisadvantagestoo.

23.TheadvantagesofBaremuchgreaterthanA.

24.A'sadvantagesoundsridiculouswhenB'sadvantagesaretakenintoconsideration.

二、用于描寫圖表和數據

1.Ithasincreasedbythreetimesascomparedwiththatof1998.

2.Thereisanincreaseof20%intotalthisyear.

3.Ithasbeenincreasedbyafactorof4since1995.

4.Itwouldbeexpectedtoincrease5times.

5.Thetableshowsathreetimesincreaseoverthatoflastyear.

6.Itwasdecreasedtwicethanthatoftheyear1996.

7.Thetotalnumberwasloweredby10%.

8.Itrosefrom10-15percentofthetotalthisyear.

9.Comparedwith1997,itfellfrom15to10percent.

10.Thenumberis5timesasmuchasthatof1995.

11.Ithasdecreasedalmosttwoandhalftimes,comparedwith...

三、用于解釋性和闡述性論說文

1.Everybodyknowsthat...

2.Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat...

3.Itistruethat...

4.Noonecandenythat

5.Onethingwhichisequallyimportanttotheabovementionedis...

6.Thechiefreasonisthat...

7.Wemustrecognizethat...

8.Thereisondoubtthat...

9.Iamoftheopinionthat...

10.Thiscanbeexpressedasfollows;

11.Totake...fbranexample...

12.Wehavereasontobelievethat

13.Nowthatweknowthat...

14.Amongthemostconvincingreasonsgiven,oneshouldbementioned...

15.Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthat

16.Thereareseveralcausesforthissignificantgrowthin...,firstsecondfinally...

17.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthedevelopmentin...

18.Perhapstheprimaryreasonis...

19.Itischieflyresponsibleof...

20.Thereasonsfor...arecomplicated,Andprobablytheyarefoundinthefact...

21.Hereareseveralpossiblereasons,excerptthat...

22.Somebodybelieves/argues/holds/insists/thinksthat...

23.Itisnotsimpletogivethereasonforthiscomplicatedphenomenon...

24.Differentpeopleobservesitindifferentways.

四、用于文章的開頭

1.Astheproverbsays...

2.Itgoeswithoutsayingtan...

3.Generallyspeaking...

4.Itisquiteclearthanbecause...

5.Itisoftensaidthat...

6.Manypeopleoftenasksuchquestion:"...?”

7.Moreandmorepeoplehavecometorealize...

8.Thereisnodoubtthat...

9.Somepeoplebelievethat...

10.Thesedaysweareoftenoldthat,butisthisreallythecase?

11.Onegreatmansaidthat...

12.Recentlytheissueof...hasbeenbroughttopublicattention.

13.Inthepastseveralyearstherehasbeen...

14.Nowitiscommonlyheldthat...butIdoubtwhether...

15.Currentlythereisawidespreadconcernthat...

16.Nowpeopleingrowingnumberarecomingtorealizethat...

17.Thereisageneraldiscussiontodayabouttheissueof...

18.Facedwith...,quiteafewpeoplearguethat...,butotherpeopleconceivedifferently.

五、用于文章的結尾

1.fromthispointofview...

2.inaword...

3.inconclusion...

4.onaccountofthiswecanfindthat...

5.theresultisdependenton...

6.therefore,thesefindingsrevealthefollowinginfbnnation:

7.thus,thisisthereasonwhywemust...

8.tosumup...

9.asfaras...beconcerned,Ibelievethat...

10.Itisobviousthat...

11.Thereislittledoubtthat...

12.Thereisnoimmediatesolutiontotheproblemof...,but...mightbehelpful

13.Noneofthesolutionsisquitesatisfactory.Theproblemshouldbeexaminedinanewway.

14.Itishightimethatweputconsiderableemphasison...

15.Takingintoaccountallthesefactors,wemaysafelyreachtheconclusionthat...

六、用于論證和說明

1.Asitisdescribedthat...

2.Ithasbeenillustratedthat...

3.Itprovidesagoodexampleof...

4.Wemayciteanotherinstanceof...

5.Historymanprovidesuswiththeexamplesof...

6.Anumberoffurtherfactsmaybeadded...

7.Thesituationisnotunique,itistypicalofdozensIhaveheard.

8.Arecentinvestigationindicatethat...

9.Accordingtothestatisticsprovided...

10.Accordingtoalateststudy,itcanbepredicted...

11.Thereisnosufficientevidencetoshowthat...

12.Allavailableevidencepointstothefactthat...

13.Examplesgivenleadsmetoconcludethat...

14.Itrevealstheunquestionablefactthat...

15.Theideamaybeprovedbyfacts...

16.Allthefactssuggestthat...

17.Noonecandenythefactthat...

18.Wemayfacetheundeniablefactthat...

?表示比較和對照關系的句型：

1)AistoBwhat/asCistoD(A之于B猶如C之于D).

2)Justas...,so...

3)AandBhavesthincommon.

4)AissimilartoB.

5)Thesameistrueof,Thesamecanbesaidof(....也是如此).

6)TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanB.

7)comparedwithB,Ahasmanyadvantages.

8)Theadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages(利大于弊).

9)WonderfulasAis,however,ithasitsowndisadvantagestoo.

10)AlthoughAenjoysconsiderableadvantageover...,itcannotcompetewithBin...

11)Contrarytowidelyacceptedviews,Ibelievethat...

12)Whatpeoplefailtoconsideristhat...

13)Itisonethingtoinsistthat...,itisquiteanothertoshowthat...

14)Nothingcanrival...(....是無與倫比的)

15)...hasdrawbacksaswellasmerits.

16)Aissuperior(inferior)toB.

17)...variesfrompersontoperson(....是因人而異的)

18)Aisjusttheopposite(toB)

19)AdiffersfromBinthat...(A不同于B在于..)

20)...isnotthesame(as)

?過渡性句型：

1)thisistruethat...

2)Thisistrue,nodoubt,but...

3)...also...

4)Itisonethingto...;itisanotherto...

?描寫圖表和數據的句型

1)...rankfirst(both)in...

2)...inproportionto...

3)Aisbyfarthelargest...

4)Asmanyas....

5)Thenumberis...timesasmuchasthatof...

6)Thefigurehasnearlydoubled/tripled,asagainstthatoflastyear.

7)Itaccountsfor35%of...

8)Bycomparisonwithitdecreased/increased/fellfrom...to...

9)...riserapidly(slowly)

10)...remainlevel...

11)...reach...

12)Thereisaslight/slow/steady/rapidrise/increase

demand./income./population./prices./production./decrease/decline/reduction/fall/dropin

13)beontheincrease/decrease/rise/decline(.......在不斷的增加，減少，上升，下降)

?圖表作文中的過渡、概括句型：

1)Ascanbeindicatedinthetable,...

2)Aswecouldfindoutlater,...

3)Asisrevealedinthetable,...

4)Asthesurveyresultsshow,...

5)Thistableprovidesseveralimportantpointsofcomparison

between,...

6)Thetwographsdepictthesamethingin...

7)Thekeyfindingstakenfromthesurveysareasfollows:

8)Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthetable,...

9)Thischartshowsthat...

10)Asisshownbythegraph,...

11)Itcanbeseenfromthestatisticsthat...

12)Itisgenerallybelieved/accepted/thought/held...

?說明原因的句型：

1)Therearesome/two/manygoodreasonsfor.../todo...

2)Wehavetwogoodreasonsfor...

3)Thereasonfor...isthat+從句

4)Amongthemostconvincingreasonsgivenbypeoplefor...,oneshouldbementioned...

5)Onemaythinkofthetrendasaresultof...

6)Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthat...

7)Thereareseveralcausesforthissignificantgrowthin...irst...

8)Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthe....

9)Itisnosimpletasktogivethereasonfor...

10)Thecauseof/reasonforhigherpriceswasanincreaseindemand.

11)Because/As/Nowthat/Sincethedemandhasincreased,thepricesarehigher.

12)Anincreaseindemandcauses/resultsin/leadsto/produceshigherprices.

13)Thedemandhasincreased.

14)Therefore,/Asaresult,/Forthisreason,/Becauseofthis,/Consequently,thepricesarehigher.

15)Ifthereisanincreaseindemand,thenpricesrise./goup./boost./arehigher.

16)Differentpeoplelookat...indifferentways...

?表示不同看法的句型：

1)Differentpeoplehave/holddifferentopinions/viewsonthequestion/problem/matter.Somebelievethat

Othersarguethat...:Stillothersmaintainthat

2)Theyarequitedifferentfromeachotherintheiropinions.

3)Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatitisgoodto....

4)Theythinkquitedifferentlyonthisquestion.

5)Opinionsvaryfromindividualtoindividual,fromculturetoculture.

?表示必須，緊急，有困難做某事的句型：

1)Itisimportant(necessary,urgent,difficult,easy,convenient,comfortable,expensive,desirable,advisable)for

sb.todosth.

2)...havetrouble/difficulty/ahardtime/adifficulttime(in)doingsth.(有困難做某事)

英語寫作20字訣

Agreement:主語和謂語在人稱、數上的一致,關系代詞與先行詞的一致。

Ambiguity:盡量不去使用可能引起歧義的詞語或句子。

Brief:文章"簡為貴"，要抓住要點，簡明扼要。

Coherence:文理通順，前后連貫。

Development:主題的發揮應當充分、合理、正確。

Division:詞匯、句子、段落要分配使用得當，劃分要清楚，避免使用重復字句和種子片段。

Figures:正確合理使用各類修辭格式。

Inflateddiction:不使用做作的語言。

Key:用適當的關鍵詞突出主題,每段都應有主題句。

Logical:內容要符合邏輯。

Message:信息要新鮮、確實、可信。

Omit:合理刪除多余的不必要部分。

Proposition:主張、觀點、論述要清楚肯切、合情入理。

Punctuation:正確適時使用標點符號。

Relevant:文章一定要要題。

Sentencepattern:句型要盡量多樣化。

Strait:開門見山，直來直去。

Style:文體恰切，適合內容要求。

Tense:動詞時態要正確、一致、變化合理。

Theme:選題得當，主題突出。

1.開門見山，揭示主題

文章一開頭,，就交待清楚文章的主題是什么。如“HowISpentMyVacation”（我怎樣度假）的開頭是：

ISpentmylastvacationhappily.

下面是題為“Honesty”（談誠實）一文中的開頭:

Honestyisoneofthebestvirtues.Anhonestmanisalwaystrustedandrespected.Onthecontrary,onewhotells

liesisregardedasa"liar”,andislookeduponbyhonestpeople.

2.交代人物、事情、時間或環境開頭

在文章的開頭，先把人物、事件和環境交待清楚。例如"ATriptoJinshan”（去金山旅游）的開頭：

ThedaybeforeyesterdaymyclasswentonabustriptoJinshan.Thebusridetheretookthreehours.Thelongtrip

madeusverytired,butthesightofthebeautifulsearefreshedus.

3.回憶性的開頭

用回憶的方法來開頭。例如"ATriptotheTaishanMountain”（泰山游）的開頭是：

IremembermyfirsttriptotheTaishanMountainasifitwereyesterday.

4.概括性的開頭

即對要在文章中敘述的人或事先作一個概括性的介紹。如“TheHappinessofReadingBooks”（讀書的快樂）的

開頭：

Peopleoftensaythatgoldandsilverarethemostvaluablethingsintheworld.ButIsaythattoreadbooksismore

valuablethananythingelse,becausebooksgiveusknowledgeandknowledgegivesuspower.

5.介紹環境式的開頭

即開頭利用自然景物或自然環境引出要介紹的事物。如“AnAccident^一場事故）的開頭是：

Itwasarainyandwindymorning.Theskywasgloomy,thetemperaturewaslow,andthestreetwasnearlyempty.

Iwasonmywaybacktoschool.Suddenly,aspeedingcarcameroundthecomer.

6.交待寫作目的的開頭。

在文章的一開頭就交待寫作目的，如通過文章要表揚誰,批評誰，或說明一個什么問題等。如"Pollution

Control"（控制污染）的開頭：

InthisarticleIshalldrawyourattentiontothesubjectofpollutioncontrol.

英語作文的文章的正文

文章的正文是由若干段落組成的，段落通常由幾個或者更多的句子組成,有時候一個句子也能成段。

文章的正文應以文章的開頭為線索，具體地敘述、說明或論證文章的主題。文章不論長短，每個段落都必須

為主題服務。像說明文和議論文這一類的文章，一個主題還常分成幾個小主題，每個小主題要用一個段落處

理，另起一段時，應是一層新的意思。每一段的開頭,要放一個表示段落小主題的主題句，這樣可使文章條理化,

易于閱讀,便于讀者抓住主題。段內的所有句子應圍繞主題句的意義加以闡述或論證，為中心思想服務。句

子之間應銜結自然，有條不紊，而且還要合乎邏輯，段落中不能出現任何與主題無關的句子;英語寫作比較重

視主題句的作用，缺少它段落意義就會含糊不清。主題句也可放在段落的中間和末尾等部位，但對初學者來

說，以放在段首為好。見下列這篇題為“HowtoBeaGoodStudent"（怎樣做個好學生）的文章：

Westudentsarcthebuildersandmastersofthecountry.Itisimportantforustoknowhowtobeagoodstudent.

Agoodstudent,Ithink,shouldbediligentinhisstudies.Themorehestudies,themorehewillincreasehis

knowledge.Withoutenoughknowledge,wecannotmakegreatcontributionstothemodernizationofourcountry.

Totakecareofone'sownbodyisanotherimportantthingforgoodstudenttodo.Anyone,whohasn'tgotastrong

body,candonothingforhiscountry,evenifhehasmuchknowledge.Therewasaman,who,whenhewas

student,studiedhardbutneglectedhishealth.Nosoonerdidhecometoservethecountrythanhediedofpoor

health.Fromthiswemayseethattohaveastrongbodyisreallyveryimportantfbrastudent.

Lastly,tocultivateone'sownvirtueismostimportant.Virtueistheessence

ofanobleandgoodcharacter.Itwillgreatlyhelponetobeusefulandhiscountryheartandsoul.Whenlearned

peoplegoastray,theydomoreharmthangoodtosociety.Weshoulddrawlessonsfromthis.

這篇文章的第一段引出了文章的主題,第二、第三和第四段則是文章的正文，每一段的第一句即是段落的主

題句，它們既支持了文章中心的觀點和思想，同時又概括了全段的意思。在同一段落中,其余的句子都圍繞主

題句所表示的中心展開，同時句子間的銜結也很自然;各層的意思都很連貫。

分段是文章組織上重要的一步,但如果寫的題目范圍很小，那就無須再將題目分成小的主題，并分入各個段落

去闡述了。像一篇簡短的評論;某一事情的簡短記載，某一個想法的說明，對一個人物或一件事情的簡要敘述

或說明等,就可以只用一個段落來表現主題。

在記敘文中，段的結構有時可以很簡單，不需要有主題句,敘事一氣呵成，中途沒有停頓。段與段之所以分開,

只是為了起修辭作用，以便把某一細節置于顯著的地位。

某些測試用的表達題，在題目中就已經說明只需要根據。所給的提示寫一個段落，而不是一篇文章。對于這

一類的寫作試題，就可以予以簡潔的處理，并不是非要擴充成一篇有頭有尾的完整文章。

下面這篇題為“WeekendHomework”（談周末作業）的短文，就是用一個段落來論述問題和表達觀點的。

UsallySaturdaynightisthetimeforstudentstogetbacktotheirdesksanddotheirweekendhomework.Six

schooldaysareenoughforthestudentswhohavemanyotherinterests.Ithinkweekendhomeworkshouldnotbe

given.WithhomeworkarrangedforSaturdaynightandthewholeofSunday,whencanhefindtimetohelp

aroundthehouse,playagameoffootballorseeagoodfilm,orjustrelax?Infactweekendhomeworkisusually

putoffuntilSundaynight.Asaresultourhomeworkisdoneverypoorlyandweachivenoresults.Iftherewere

nohomeworkonweekends,studentswouldgotoschoolonMondaywellrested,willingtowork.Teachers,don*t

youagree?

英語作文的文章的結尾

文章結尾的作用是概括全文內容,進一步強調或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意義表達得更加深刻。

文章結尾的形式也是多種多樣的,常見的有以下幾種：

1.首尾呼應，畫龍點睛

在文章的結尾，把含義較深的話放在末尾，以點明主題，深化主題，起到畫龍點睛的效果。如"1CannotForget

Her"（我忘不了她）的結尾：

Afterherdeath,Ifeltasifsomethingweremissinginmylife.Iwassadoverherpassingaway,butIknewshe

wouldnothavehadanyregretsathavinggivenherlifefbrthebenefitofthepeople.

2.重復主題句

結尾回到文章開頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上，達到強調的效果。如“ILoveMyHomeTown”（我愛家鄉）的結

尾：

Ilovemyhometown,andIloveitspeople.Theytoohavechanged.Theyaregoingallouttodomorefbrthe

goodofourmotherland.

3.自然結尾

隨著文章的結束，文章自然而然地結尾。如“Fishing”（釣魚）的結尾：

Icaughtasmanyastwentyfishintwohours,butmybrothercaughtmanymore.Tiredfromfishing,welaydown

ontheriverbank,bathinginthesun.Wereturnedhomeverylate.

4.含蓄性的結尾

用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點明作者的看法，而是讓讀者自己去領會和思考。如“ADayofHarvesting”（收割

的日子）的結尾:Eveningcamebeforewerealizedit.Weputdownoursicklesandlookedateachother.Our

clotheswerewetwithsweat,butoneveryfacetherewasasmile.

5.用反問結尾

雖然形式是問句，但意義卻是肯定的，并具有特別的強調作用，引起讀者深思。如“ShouldWeLearntoDo

Housework?”俄們要不要學做家務?）的結尾。

Everyoneshouldlearntodohousework.Don'tyouagree,boysandgirls?

6.指明方向，激勵讀者

結尾表示對將來的展望，或期待讀者投入行動。如"Let'sGoinforSports"（讓我們參加體育運動）的結尾：

Aswehavesaidabove,sportscanbeofgreatvalue.Theynotonlymakepeoplelivehappilybutalsohelppeople

tolearnvirtuesanddotheirworkbettter.Asoundmindisinasoundbody.Let'sgoinfbrsports.

怎樣寫好英語句子

下面我們以考生的實際作文來進行一下分析。

1）Someoneconsiderthatfreshwaterwillnottouchit'send.（96年1月,2分）

2）Oneman'slifelackofmoney,hewillimpossibletoliveon.（95年1月,5分）

3）Asisknow,thattherearemuchfakecommoditiesintoday'ssociety.（97年12月,6分）

這里引述的例句與考生通篇作文的寫作水平是一致的，其中5、6分的例句具有典型性，代表了近乎中等水

平考生的寫作水平。從這些例句中不難看出，中等水平的考生，事實上也包括中上等水平的考生，在寫作上存

在的主要問題是表達思想不清楚。

表達思想不清楚的主要原因是考生作文中嚴重漢化的英語，即中式英語，比如："mancanlivehappiness",

"Manisiron,andfoodissteel.","Womenarehalfsidesky.\此外，語言錯誤的普遍性和嚴重性十分驚人，比如,

主謂不一致，名詞單復數不分，動詞時態語態濫用，常用詞拼寫錯誤比比皆是。這些嚴重地影響了思想的表

達。考試實踐表明，多數考生在寫作上的主要欠缺不是系統的寫作理論和方法，而是最基本的單句寫作能力。

文章無論長短，都是由句子組成的，句子是表達思想的最基本的單位。因此，句子是否能寫得正確、達意和

清楚,將直接影響整篇文章的寫作質量。大學英語四、六級考試和研究生入學英語考試的實踐都表明，考生

寫作成績長期得不到明顯提高的主要原因是欠缺寫好單句的能力。

為改變這種狀況,我們將從剖析考生作文中的典型病句入手，對寫作測試中的基本句子結構和寫法進行評

議和分析，來幫助考生進一步提高句子寫作能力。

否定結構除了在助動詞、情態動詞,be和have后面加not之外,還有許多不含not的否定結構。若能正確

使用他們，文章會顯得生動活潑,增加寫作的閃光點。下面我們就來看看：

1.含有否定意義的詞匯和短語

以下列舉的詞和詞組本身就具有否定的含義,因此無需用否定詞。

介詞against,beyond,but,except,without,...

形容詞和動詞absent,deny,differ,different,fail,free,ignore,miss,refuse,thelast,usedto,

reluctant,lack,want,...

短語keep...from,protect...from,prevent...from,letalone,ataloss,invain,insteadof,out

ofthequestion,ratherthan,too...to,bynomeans,anythingbut,...

我們看以下例句：

1)Womenfailtogettheequalrightsinsomecountries.

在一些國家里婦女沒有得到平等的權利。

2)Thisisbynomeansthebestwaytosolvetheproblemofenergycrisis.

這不是解決能源危機的最好的辦法。

3)Weshouldprotecttreesfrombeingdestroyed.

我們應保護樹木，不讓它們受破壞。

4)InoldChinawecouldnotmakeanail,letalone(make)machines.

在舊中國,我們連??個釘子都造不了，更不用說制造機器了。

2.含有半否定意義的詞語

barely,hardly,few,little,rarely,scarcely,seldom,notall,noteveryone,noteverything,...具

有半否定的意義。例句：

1)Wecouldhardlyseeanyfreshvegetablesinwinteronmarketseveralyearsago.

幾年前在冬天市場上很難見到新鮮蔬菜。

2)Theseyoungpeopleknowlittleabouthowtochoosegoodbookstoread.

這些年輕人幾乎不知道如何挑選優秀的書籍來讀。

3.不含否定意義的否定結構

有些詞和詞組形式上是否定結構，但其含義是肯定的，比如:cannotbut,canthelp,

nosooner...than,not...until,innotime,noneotherthan,nothingbut,等等。例句：

1)Wecan'tbutfacethereality.

我們只有面對現實。

2)Theseoldbuildingswillbereplacedbymodernapartmentbuildingsinnotime.

這些舊建筑將很快為現代化的公寓所代替。

4.否定結構的倒裝語序

我們有口寸為了強調而把否定詞和詞組放在句首，這時句子結構應倒裝。例如：

1)Onnoaccountshouldwefollowblindly.我們決不應當盲從。

2)Nowherehastheworldeverseensuchgreatenthusiasmforlearningasinour

country.沒有任何其他地方有我國這樣高的學習熱情。

五、含有讓的結構

考生病句：

1.Asisknowntoallofusthatscienceandtechnologyplayanimportantroleinthe

developmentofsociety.

2.Itisknowntous,practicemakesperfect.

正確表達：

1.Itisknowntoallofusthatscienceandtechnologyplayanimportantroleinthe

developmentofsociety.(或:Asisknowntoallofus,science...)

2.Itisknowntousthatpracticemakesperfect.(或:Asisknowntous,practice...)

評議與分析：

例句1是93年12月六級考試11分作文的評分樣卷句子，例句2選自97年1月四級考試作文。很顯然,

兩個考生混淆了it和as的用法。如果用it作形式主語，后面的主語從句必須由that引起;如果用as,則后面

不能用that,因為as是關系代詞，代表practicemakesperfect0

It在英語中是個相當活躍的代詞,在寫作中我們常要使用它。以下幾種用法應熟練掌握，并能靈活運用。

1.作形式主語

Itisnecessaryfbrustomasteraforeignlanguageskillfully.Itmakesdifferencewhether

wecouldpurify