Unit3Underthesea【導語】捕鯨業是世界上古老的行業之一，它的歷史發展和現狀如何呢？Thewhalingindustryisoneoftheoldestindustriesinhasundergonevastchangessinceitsbeginning，primarilyduetothecreationoftheInternationalWhalingCommission.Commercialwhalingstillcontinuesthroughouttheworld，butthewhalingquotasarerestrictedbythecommission，therebyhelpingconservethewhalepopulations.Whalingreferstohuntingwhalesprimarilyfortheiroil，meatanddatesbacktoprehistorictimes，mostprevalentinNorwayandhuntbecameanindustryinthe1600sintheArcticregions，mostlybytheDutchandcolonistsstartedwhalinginthewhalerswerethefirsttokillaspermwhale，andthediscoveryofspermacetiinthewhale'sheadmadethespermwhaleoneofthemosthighlyprizedshipssetoutfromNewEnglandintothePacificforextremelylongvoyagestohuntdownthesewhales.Whalingindustryhasbeenapartofavarietyofcountries'followingcountriesweretheearliestpioneersinthewhalingindustry：England，France，Germany，Iceland，Japan，theNetherlands，NorwayandtheAmericancolonies(althoughtheywerenotacountryatthetime)．Thefollowingcountriesstillpracticewhalinginsomeformorfashion：Canada，Greenland，theGrenadines，Iceland，Indonesia，Japan，theNetherlands，Norway，RussiaandtheUnitedStates.【詞海拾貝】1．vastadj.廣闊的；巨大的2．primarilyadv.首先；最初3．commissionn．委員會4．commercialadj.商業的5．quotan．配額6．prevalentadj.盛行的7．spermwhale巨頭鯨；抹香鯨【問題思考】1．Whathelpsconservethewhalepopulations?_______________________________________________________答案：Thewhalingquotas.2．Whatmadethespermwhaleoneofthemosthighlyprizedcatches?_______________________________________________________答案：Thediscoveryofspermacetiinthewhale'shead.Ⅰ.將單詞與其正確釋義連線1．anecdote A．銳利的；鋒利的2．accommodation B．淺的；膚淺的；淺顯的3．yell C．陡峭的4．teamwork D．生動的；鮮明的5．flee E．配合；協作6．depth F．純的；純粹的；純潔的7．conservation G．住所；住宿8．pure H．狹窄的；有限的；狹隘的9．vivid I．大叫；呼喊10．narrow J．軼事，奇聞11．sharp K．逃避，逃跑12．shallow L．保存，保護13．steep M．深(度)；深處答案：1－J2－G3－I4－E5－K6－M7－L8－F9－D10－H11－A12－B13－CⅡ.根據所給漢語提示寫出單詞1．____________adj.每年的n．年刊；年鑒2．____________vt.當場見到；目擊n．目擊者；證人3．____________prep.在……對面adj.相對的；相反的4．____________vi.&n．暫停，中止5．____________vt.拖；拉；扯6．____________vt.催促；極力主張7．____________vt.放棄；遺棄；拋棄8．____________n．目標；靶；受批評的對象9．____________vi.思考vt.映射；反射10．___________adj.意識到的；知道的11．___________adj.好的；整齊的；勻稱的12．___________vt.恐嚇vi.受驚嚇答案：6．urge11．neatⅢ.根據英語釋義寫出單詞1．________：tooccureveryyear2．________：desireorencouragesbtodo3．________：someonewhoseesaneventandreportswhathappened4．________：pullsthalongtheground5．________：stopforashortperiodandthencontinue6．________：leavetheplace，thing，orpersonforalongtime7．________：onlyasmalldistancefromonesidetotheother8．________：thelinethatmarkstheedge9．________：veryimpressiveorverydifficultandperhapsratherfrightening10．_______：moneypaidregularlytothosenotworkinganymore11．________：notmixedwithanything答案：10．pensionⅣ.選用短語的適當形式填空yellout；help...out；sortout；hold...up；aimatholdon；reflecton；upsidedown；beawareof；beaboutto1．Organizingtheschooltripwillbealotofwork，soIneedsomevolunteersto________．答案：helpout2．Don'tsqueezehishand；itwillmakehim________inpain.答案：yellout3．Theboy________theforeignstampsthathehadcollected.答案：wassortingout4．TheyshouldhavefinishedthatjobonFriday—what's________them________？答案：holdingup5．I________________thetreebuthitthecarbymistake.答案：wasaimingat6．I________________gotobedwhenIheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.答案：wasaboutto7．Wemanagedto________untilhelparrived.答案：holdon8．Becarefulanddon'tturnthetable________．答案：upsidedown9．Thegirlwasleftto________theinfluencesofherdecision.答案：reflecton10．Theyoungmen________thedangeroftakingdrugs.答案：areawareofⅤ.領會句子所用句型并譯成漢語1．It_was_a_time_whenthekillerwhales，or“killers”astheywerethencalled，helpedthewhalerscatchthebaleenwhalesthatwereontheirannualmigration._______________________________________________________答案：那個時期，虎鯨(當時被稱為“殺手”)幫助捕鯨人在每年須鯨遷徙時捕捉須鯨。2．Werandowntotheshoreintimetosee_an_enormousanimalopposite_us_throwingitselfoutofthewaterandthencrashingdownagain._______________________________________________________答案：我們及時趕到岸邊，看到對面有一個龐大的動物猛力躍出水面，然后又墜落到水里。3．Thiswasthecallthatannouncedtherewas_about_to_beawhalehunt._______________________________________________________答案：這是宣告捕鯨行動馬上就要開始的呼聲。4．Aswedrewcloser，Icouldsee_a_whale_being_attackedbyapackofaboutsixotherkillers._______________________________________________________答案：走近一看，原來是一頭鯨受到一群約六頭其他虎鯨的攻擊。5．I'msittinginthewarmnightairwith_a_cold_drinkinmyhandandreflectingontheday—adayofpuremagic._______________________________________________________答案：我坐在溫暖的夜空下，手里拿著一瓶冷飲，回憶著當天的事情——這純粹是神奇的一天。6．Thewaterwasquiteshallowbutwhere_the_reef_ended，there_wasasteepdroptothesandyoceanfloor._______________________________________________________答案：海水是淺的，但是到了珊瑚礁的盡頭，就有一個陡坡，一直下降到滿是沙子的海底。課文表層理解Ⅰ.根據課文內容判斷正(T)誤(F)1．Iwas18whenIbeganworkinJune1902atthewhalingstation.(F)2．Usingatelescopewecouldseethatsomethingwashappening.(T)3．Thebodywon'tfloatuptothesurfaceforaround12hours.(F)4．Theseawascalmthatdayanditwaseasytohandletheboat.(F)5．IsawJamesbeingfirmlyheldupinthewaterbyOldTom.(T)Ⅱ.根據課文內容回答問題1．WhathappenedtoJamesafterhewaswashedofftheboat?_______________________________________________________答案：HewasheldupinthewaterbyOldTomandrescued.2．WhydidGeorgebeatthewaterwithhisoar?_______________________________________________________答案：TocallbackOldTomtoleadtheway.3．Whydidthemenstartturningtheboataroundtogohomeafterthewhaledied?_______________________________________________________答案：Becausetheyknewthedeadwhalewouldn'tfloatuptothesurfaceforaround24hours.4．Whydidthekillersthrowthemselvesontopofthewhale'sblow－hole?_______________________________________________________答案：Tostopitbreathing.5．What'sthetextmainlyabout?_______________________________________________________答案：Thekillerwhalescanhelpthewhalerscatchwhales.Ⅲ.閱讀P20～P21Reading部分，完成下列表格Killers'doingWhalers'reactionBeforethehuntThrewitselfoutofwater，again，swambytheboat，ustothehunt.·Onewhaler.·Georgeranahead.·Clancyracedafterhim.Theyintotheboatandthebay.DuringthehuntThrewthemselvestostopthewhale，stoppeditorfleeingouttosea.theharpoonatthewhale，letitgotohitthespot.AfterthehuntThebodywasdown.Startedaroundtogohome.Theyhadamazingrelationship.答案：downoutoutinto9．draggedtheboat課文深層理解根據課文內容選擇最佳選項1．Whofirstshoutedthatthekillerwascoming?A．Thewriter. B．James.C．George. D．OldTom.答案：C2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Thekillerssometimesharmedthewhalers.B．OldTomwas70yearsold.C．OldTomneverdidfavourforthewhalers.D．OldTomandhisfriendswerehelpfultothewhalers.答案：D3．Whydidthekillersthrowthemselvesontopofthewhale'sblow－hole?A．Toprotectthewhale.B．Tohelpthewhalerunaway.C．Tostopthewhalebreathing.D．Totellotherkillerstocomecloser.答案：C4．WhathappenedtoJames?A．Hesuddenlycaughtabigfish.B．Hesuddenlyfellintothesea.C．HehelpedtheinjuredOldTom.D．Awhaleattackedhimandhedied.答案：B5．What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Aboutabigfishwhichhelpedthefishermen.B．Aboutgreatwhaleswhichhelpedthewhalers.C．Aboutthewhalerswhoweresurvivingonthesea.D．Aboutthewhalestationwherethewhalerscouldcatchthewhales.答案：B如何寫投訴信1．投訴信中投訴服務是經常會考到的話題，一般主要集中在對于飯店、賓館、餐廳、旅行社等服務性行業的投訴，此類書信一般在結構上可分為以下幾個部分：(1)自我介紹，表明投訴內容以及與收信人的相關性。(2)陳述投訴內容，如時間、地點、人物、事件等，并指出對方服務問題所在以及由此而產生的對自己或者家人的影響。(3)提出整改建議或者希望得到對方的賠償或補償。2．寫作投訴信時應該注意的幾個問題：(1)投訴信與普通書信格式一樣，但要注意寫投訴信的目的是為了求得解決問題而不是為了泄憤，因此寫信時一定要注意態度誠懇、禮貌委婉，反映問題的時候不能傷了雙方的和氣。(2)投訴信應重點表明投訴的原因，敘事應客觀、準確、簡潔。最后提出的解決方法應切實可行。在表達自己的不滿時，語言要把握分寸，不失風度。【典型句式】(1)Iventuretowritealettertoyouabout...恕我冒昧，我寫信是想告訴你……(2)Oneannoyingaspectofyourserviceis...你們服務中不盡人意的地方是……(3)IamwritingthislettertotellyouhowdisappointedIhavebeenwiththeafter－saleserviceatyourshop.我寫信是想告訴貴店，我對你們的售后服務非常失望。(4)Iwouldliketodrawyourattentiontotheproblem...我希望引起貴方對……問題的注意。(5)IamwritingtoinformyouthatIfind...unsatisfactory./Iamdissatisfiedwithyour...我寫信是為了告訴你我非常不滿意……(6)Itrustyouwilltakemycomplaintsseriouslyand...相信貴方會認真對待我的投訴，并且……(7)Ihopeyouwillgivedueattentiontothismatter.希望貴方能對此事給予足夠重視。(8)IwouldbeverygratefulifyoucouldlookintothematterassoonasIamlookingforwardtoanearlyreply.如果貴方能盡快調查此事，我將萬分感激。望早日做出答復。(9)Iamnotblaminganyone，but...我不是指責某個人，但是……(10)Iamsurethisisarareproblem.我相信這類問題不會經常發生。假設你是李華，上個星期天去市圖書館看書時發現了一些問題。請根據下列提示，用英語給館長寫一封100詞左右的信，反映情況。1．新書太少。2．書架上的書比較混亂。3．管理員工作時彼此閑聊；讀者無法安心看書。4．閱覽室的一盞燈壞了，桌椅有些也被損壞。注意：1.可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。2．信的開頭和結尾已經為你寫好。【寫作要點】1．第一段委婉提出在圖書館發現的問題。2．第二段分析圖書館的具體問題。3．第三段就發現的問題希望館長能采取必要的措施。【范文點評】范文點評Dearsir，LastSunday，Iwenttodosomereadinginthefoundsomething①，I'dliketovoice_my_opinions②，hopingitwillbeofhelptoyou.First，therearenotenoughnewbooksontheshelves，most_of_which_are_not_popular_today③.Second，somebooksarenotsortedinproperorder，making_it_difficult_for_us_readers_to_find_what_we_want_quickly④.Third，theassistantsdon'toffergoodarechattingwhilewearereadingquiet，whichmakesitdifficultforusconcentrateon，there_is_something_wrong_with⑤oneofthelightsaswellassomedesksandchairs.So，asareader，I_suggest_you_should_make_some_necessary_changes⑥assoonaspossiblesothatthelibrarycanbenefitmorepeople.①本文多次使用過渡詞。②voiceone'sopinions屬于高級詞匯。③非限制性定語從句展示了作者的扎實寫作功底。④分詞結構作狀語屬于寫作手法的高級表達。⑤Therebe結構的靈活運用。⑥大膽使用虛擬語氣。

假設你是李華，請就食品衛生問題，給某報社英文欄目編輯寫一封100詞左右的信，內容要點如下：1.你的鄰居因食用從市場上買回來的偽劣食品而中毒。2．你目睹了他們中毒以及在鄰里幫助下脫險的經過。3．呼吁社會各界重視食品衛生與安全；……注意：1.短文須包含上述所有要點，也可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。2.文中所給出的提示不計入總詞數。參考詞匯：偽劣食品fakefood；食品衛生foodhygieneDeareditor，I'mwritingtotellyouaboutafoodpoisoning_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua答案：Dear_editor，I'daysago，myneighbourfamilyateabagoffakefoodfromthethemeal，theyhadstomachachesandthrewupwhattheyhadeatenastheirfacesturned，anotherneighbourpassedbyonlytofindtheincidentandimmediatelycalledtheambulance，whichcarriedthemquicklytoseveralhours'treatment，theyfinallyescapedfromdeath.Fromthisallofushaverealizedtheimportanceoffoodsomeillegalbusinessmenareonlyinterestedinmakingprofitsintheracetobecomerichquickly，theyseldomcareaboutthenecessarysafetymeasuresandhygieneorcarewhathappenstomustbechargedbyIdohopethewholesocietyshallbegintakingactiontoprotectpeople'slifesafety.Yours，Li_HuaA級基礎過關Ⅰ.語法填空在句中空白處填上適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。1．TheBrownslosttheirhomeinthebigfire，andtheirneighboursprovidedthemwith________(accommodate)．答案：accommodations2．IfyoucometovisitChina，youwillexperienceacultureofamazing________(deep)andvariety.答案：depth3．Thegroupcalledforthe________(conserve)ofwaterresources.答案：conservation4．TheseChinesescientistshavestudiedthe________(migrate)routesofthefishintheoceanforfiveyears.答案：migration5．I'mnotsureoftheexact________(relation)betweenKateandthinkthey'resisters.答案：relationship6．Idon'tthinkpeoplearereallyaware________justhowmuchitcosts.答案：of7．Iwasscared________deathwhenIsawsomeonewalkingslowlytowardsmeinthedark.答案：to8．________acupofhotcoffeeinhishand，Tonycameuptomewithabigsmile.答案：With9．Everythingintheroomwasturnedupside________．答案：down10．Hecuttheorangeinhalfandsucked________thejuice.答案：outⅡ.選用短語的適當形式填空witness；yellat；diveinto；fleefrom；sortout；indepth；inthemeantime；urge...to...；help...out；abandon...to1．I________theaccidentwithmyeyes.答案：witnessed2．Thematchisendingin5，everyonepresentisreallygettingexcited.答案：Inthemeantime3．Don'treckononyourfriendsto________you________ofthetrouble.答案：helpout4．Thesailors________themselves________drinkingaftertheylanded.答案：abandonedto5．Thatswimmerman________theicyriverwatertosavethedrowninggirl，whichmovedthepeoplepresent.答案：divedinto6．Myfriend，Jim,________me________applyforthethoughtIwasfitforit.答案：urgedto7．Abigfirebrokeoutsuddenlyallthepeople________thefireintime.答案：fledfrom8．HecalledonmewhileIwas________mystamps.答案：sortingout9．Allthepaperscoveredtheelection________．答案：indepth10．Atthattimetheywere________theirplayers，“Comeon!Comeon！”答案：yellingatⅢ.完成句子1．Thematch________________(被取消)becauseofbadweather.答案：wasabandoned2．Thestudents__________________(幫忙)inthefactoryafterschool.答案：helpout3．Theheadmasterurgedthatthedropoutstudents(輟學生)____________________________(被送去上學)againnextterm.答案：(should)besenttoschool4．Histasteiscompletely________________(與……相反)ours.答案：oppositeto5．______________________________(曾經有一段時期)hedislikedlearningEnglish.答案：Therewasatimewhen6．I________(意識到)whathewasaimingat.答案：wasawareof7．Youareluckytohave________________(九死一生)．答案：anarrowescape8．She____________________(幾乎被嚇死)bythestrangenoise.答案：wasnearlyscaredtodeath9．With________________(要記很多生詞)，shewillstayuptonight.答案：manynewwordstoremember10．Atallbuildingwasputupattheplace______________(在以前曾是沙漠的地方)．答案：wherethereusedtobeadesertB級能力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。Afteraterriblecaraccident,thewholeworldhadbeencompletelydarkandquietforRobertEdwardsforalmosttenyears，forhebecamebothblindandlossofsightandhearingthrewhimintosuchasorrowthathetriedseveraltimestoputanendtohislife.Hiswifedidherbesttotendandcomfortandbyhefinallyregainedthecouragetoliveon.Onahotsummerafternoon，hewastakingawalkwithasticknearhishousewhenathunderstormstartedallatstoodunderalargetreeinordernottogethimselfwet.Unfortunatelyhewasstruckdownbyalightning.Thewitnessesthoughthimdeadbuthewokeupsome20minuteslaterlyingfacedowninmuddywaterbelowthetree.Hefeltthathewastremblingbadly，butwhenheopenedhiseyes，hedidn'tdaretobelievethathesawaplough(犁)lyingnearthewall.WhenMrsEdwardscamerunninguptohim，sheshoutedforsawherandheardhervoiceforthefirsttimeinnearly10years.ThenewsofRobert'sregaininghissightandhearingquicklydoctorscametoprovethetruthoftheofthemsaidthathegainedsightandhearingagainobviouslyfromtheknockoflightning;noneofthemcouldgiveconvincingreasons，however.Theonlyreasonableexplanationgivenbyonedoctorwasthat，sinceEdwardslosthissightandhearingasaresultofasuddenshockinaterribleaccident，perhapstheonlywayforthemtoregainwasbyanothersuddenshock.【語篇解讀】羅伯特在一次重大車禍中失去了聽力和視力。這樣的情況持續了十年，后來他遭閃電擊中，視力和聽力卻奇跡般地恢復了。1．WhatwasEdwardsdoingwhenhewasstruckbythelightning?A.Hewastakingawalkwithasticknearhishouse.B．Hewashidingfromtherainunderatree.C．Hewaslyingonthegroundinthemuddywater.D．Hewastremblingbadlyontheground.解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Hestoodunderalargetreeinordernottogethimselfwet.Unfortunatelyhewasstruckdownbyalightning.”可知答案。答案：B2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Edwardshadbeenblindanddeaffornearlytenyears.B．Edwardswokeupwithhisfaceinthemud.C．DoctorsheldthebeliefthatEdwardswasneverreallyblindordeaf.D．Edwardslostallhissensesforabout20minutesafterthelightninghadstruckhimdown.解析：細節理解題：根據第四段中的“Manydoctorscametoprovethetruthoftheofthemsaidthathegainedsightandhearingagainobviouslyfromtheknockoflightning”可知答案。答案：C3．HowdidEdwardsgethissightandhearingoncemoreaccordingtothedoctor?A．Heregainedthemfromaheadinjurywhenhefellfromatree.B．Hiswife'sfirstvisitafteralmosttenyearsmadehimsohappythatheregainedthem.C．Thelightningtookthefeelingfromhislegsandgavethesensesofsightandhearingtohishead.D．Theblowthatmadehimblindanddeafwasverysevere，soittookanothersevereblowtoregainthem.解析：細節理解題。根據第四段中的“sinceEdwardslosthissightandhearingasaresultofasuddenshockinaterribleaccident，perhapstheonlywayforthemtoregainwasbyanothersuddenshock.”可知答案。答案：D4．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．EverycoinhastwosidesB．Regainingthelong－lostsightandhearingC．AsplendidthunderstormD．Athunderstorminneed解析：主旨大意題。根據全文的介紹可知，羅伯特在一次重大車禍中失去了聽力和視力。這樣的情況持續了十年，后來他遭閃電擊中，視力和聽力恢復了。故選B項。答案：BⅡ.七選五根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Theactofgivinggiftsisagestureoffriendship，love，celebrationandalittleplanning，yourgiftswillberememberedforyears.__1__Putareminderinyourdiaryoneortwoweeksbeforetheoccasionsothatyoucanstartdoingyouryourreceiversliveveryfarawayandyouneedtomailthegift，thenadvancedplanningisevenmorewillmakesurethatyourgiftgetstothemon'tgivebasedonwhatothersgiveoftenhearpeoplesay“She'sspendingD|S100onme，soIshouldspendD|S100onher”．__2__Yourgiftsshouldbebasedonwhatisonyourheartforyour'tworryaboutwhetheryourreceiversaregoingtogiveyousomethingbackorhowmuchtheyarespendingonyourgifts.Respectyourgivenwithsincerityareappreciatedevenmorethanexpensiveplanninghowmuchyouneedtospendonyourgiftsforothersandassigningadollaramounttoeachdesiredgiftonyourlist，you'llbebetterpreparedtoshopwithinyourbudget.BeawareofAtastefullywrappedgiftwithmaterialsthatcanbereusedorrecycledshowsyourcaringfortheenvironment.Presentyourgiftwithwhenyoudo，presentyourgiftbyholdingwithbothyourhandsasthoughyouwereholdingitonasilverplatter.A．Thisthinkingcompletelyruinsthevalueofgivinggiftstoeachother.B．Beautifulgiftsdon'tnecessarilyneedtorelyonribbonsorboxes.C．Thecostofyourgiftwillnotbethemainfactorinitssuccess.D．Thebestwaytopresentagiftisalwayspresentingitinperson.E．ThisisadoptedfromAsianculturetoshowrespectandcare.F．Youshouldn'tbuygiftswhichareoutofyourbudget.G．Keepascheduleofthespecialdates.答案：Ⅲ.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Duringmysecondyearofcollege，IwaslookingaroundforaplacetoSundayafterchurch，thepastor(牧師)toldmetostayinhisdaughter'sroombecausehisdaughterwasstudyingabroadforoneyear.Tobe__1__，Ireallydidn'twanttostaywith“thepastor'sfamily”．Hetoldmehowmuchthe__2__wouldbe—averylowfigurethat__3__onehomecookedmealathoughtaboutthe__4__anddecidedtomovein.AttheendofthetermIhadplannedtofind__5__livingplace，sincethedaughterwastomydelight，they__7__thatIsharearoomwiththeirseemedtohavebeenadoptedintotheir__8__—theirpeoplebecamemy__9__acceptedtheoffer.AsIemptiedthedaughter'sbedroom，Ithoughtitmightbe__10__tohavealittlesistertolookwhenIlatermetmynewsister，I__11__thatshewasmoreindependentthanIfirst__12__．Wefinallyfellinlove,__13__，andhavelookedaftereachotherformanyhavebeentimesthatlifeturnedoutmore__14__thaneitherofuscouldhavewehavealwaysbeenabletogo__15__largelybecauseweknewthatwearedeeply__16__．Itisn'taboutmarriage—It'sabout__17__．It'saboutmothersandfathers，sistersandbrothersandspecia