?上海高考句子翻譯+高考題型組合練_________________________________________________________________________________________考點精講考點精講上海高考英語翻譯題，是對考生詞匯、語法、句型結構等基礎知識和實際運用能力的綜合考查。高考中漢譯英多為簡單句或復合句，題目所給定的提示詞匯也是常用詞，但學生必須在比較兩種語言的基礎上，結合所學的語言知識翻譯出不僅意思準確，而且符合英語表達習慣的好句子。上海歷年高考中譯英的考察點主要有：時態、語態、謂語與非謂語動詞、倒裝、連詞、三大從句、特殊句式、詞組及固定搭配等。值得注意的是近年試題中經常出現一些華麗的中文詞藻或日常生活化表達。【要點梳理】要點一：高考翻譯技巧直譯和意譯直譯和意譯沒有明確界限，往往是一句漢語整體可以直譯，但局部（特別是成語和俗語）卻要通過意譯。注意邏輯主語的變化。【例1】(2020上海春考）每周三，這些大學生都會雷打不動地去孤兒院做志愿者，教孩子們剪紙和編織。(arule)【思路解析】句中“雷打不動”無法直接翻譯，只能意譯為：makeitaruletodosth.表示“使做某事成為常規”。【參考答案】Thosecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanagetoworkasvolunteers

everyWednesday,【詳解】考查非謂語動詞、時態和固定句式。根據句意和提示詞可知，本句使用固定句式：makeitaruletodo，表示“使做某事成為常規”，時間狀語“每周三”表明是經常或反復發生的動作，用一般現在時，同時使用非謂語動詞，“大學生”與“教”之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，表示主動，用現在分詞作伴隨狀語，故翻譯為：EveryWednesday，theseuniversitystudentsmakeitaruletodovolunteerserviceintheorphanage,teachingchildrenpaper-cuttingandknitting.【例2】(2019上海高考）爺爺有點耳背，對他耐心一點。(patient）【思路解析】句中“耳背”無法直譯，只能意譯為：alittledeaf或somethingwrongwithone'sears。【參考答案】Grandpaisalittledeafandbepatientwithhim./Thereissomethingwrongwithgrandpa'sears,sobepatientwithhim.【詳解】考查短語和時態。結合句意表示“耳背”可翻譯為therebesomethingwrongwithone'sears；表示“對某人耐心”短語為bepatientwithsb.；此處為so連接并列句，且前半句陳述事實應用一般現在時，后半句為肯定祈使句，句首動詞用原形。故翻譯為Thereissomethingwrongwithgrandpa'sears,sobepatientwithhim.【例3】）這首歌在今年的藝術節上首發時，因其旋律歡快，風格詼諧引起轟動，但只是曇花一現。（when）【思路解析】此句中“曇花一現”’可以意譯為：itspopularitydidn’tlastlong/butitlasted(for)onlyaveryshorttime/period.；也可以直譯為：aflashinthepan。【參考答案】WhenfirstreleasedattheopeningceremonyoftheArtFestival,thissongcausedasensation/madeastirbecauseof/for/duetoitscheerfulmelodyandhumorousstyle,butitwasjustaflashinthepan./butitdidn’tlastlong./butitlasted(for)onlyaveryshorttime/period./Thesongcausedastir/sensation/becameahitforitscheerfulmelodyandcomicstylewhenitwasfirstperformed/releasedattheArtFestivalthisyear,butitspopularitydidn’tlastlong/aflashinthepan.【詳解】本題考查了when引導的時間狀語從句，考查的詞匯和詞組并不難，“曇花一現”看似難翻，但只要表達清楚意思就可以了。【例4】這部基于那場重要戰爭的電影一上映就很賣座。(Hardly)【思路解析】此句中“很賣座”不能直接一一對應翻譯，只能意思是翻譯，意譯為：itattractedalargeaudience。【參考答案】Hardlyhadthefilmabouttheimportantbattlebeenreleasedwhenitattractedalargeaudience.【詳解】考查倒裝句、否定副詞、介詞、時態、名詞、形容詞和短語。表示“基于”應用介詞about；表示“這部電影”應用名詞短語thefilm；表示“重要的”應用形容詞important；表示“那場戰爭”應用名詞短語thebattle；表示“上映”應用動詞release；表示“賣座”應用動詞短語attractalargeaudience。根據所給副詞“Hardly”幾乎不的意思和首字母的大寫形式可知，這句話需要Hardly放在句首的部分倒裝結構“Hardly…when…”一……就……，該短語要求從句為一般過去時，主句用過去完成時，部分倒裝時，助動詞had置于主語之前。故翻譯為Hardlyhadthefilmabouttheimportantbattlebeenreleasedwhenitattractedalargeaudience.2.適當加減詞【例1】他雖然退休了，但仍然關心著公司的業務。【答案】Thoughhehasretired,hestillcaresaboutthecompany’sbusiness.【思路解析】從句“但仍然關心著公司的業務”中文主語省略了，翻譯時候主句需加上主語“he”.【例2】這款手機樣式新穎、攜帶方面，深受年輕人的歡迎。(2005上海高考)【答案】Themobilephoneisfashionableinstyleandconvenienttocarry,soitisverypopularwithyoungsters./Themobilephoneisfashionableinstyleandconvenienttocarry,anditisverypopularwithyoungsters.【思路解析】中文兩個分句有因果關系或并列關系，故翻譯時，當并列句需加“and”；當主從句時，需加上從屬連詞“so”。【例3】根據科學家們的看法，自然界要用500年的時間才能形成一英寸厚的表面土壤。【答案】Accordingtoscientists,ittakesnature500yearstocreateaninchoftopsoil.【思路解析】根據英語表達，此處“....看法”可以省略不必翻譯。【例4】究竟是什么激發小王學習電子工程的積極性？(motivate)（2019上海春考）【答案】WhatonearthmotivatedXiaoWangtostudy/learnelectronicengineering?/WhatwasitthatmotivatedXiaoWangtostudy/learnelectronicengineering?【思路解析】根據英語表達及句子成分分析，此處“....的積極性”可以省略不必翻譯。【例5】物理課上，他沒聽懂王教授所講的內容。(fail)（2006上海春考）【答案】Inthephysicsclass,hefailedtounderstandwhatProfessorWangwastalkingabout.【思路解析】根據英語表達及句子成分分析，此處“....的內容”可以省略不必翻譯。3.語序的變化【例1】博物館疏于管理，展品積灰，門廳冷清，急需改善。(whose)（2019上海春考）【答案】Themuseum,whoseexhibitsaredusty,badlyneedstobeimprovedbecauseofitsfewvisitorsandpoormanagement.【思路解析】此句中文表達簡潔，多為四字格，疏于管理notwellmanaged/managementisreckless，被灰塵覆蓋becoveredwithdust/bepiledwithdust，游客稀少fewvisitors，亟需改善bebadlyinneedofimprovement/requiresimmediateimprovement。翻譯時，厘清主句從句關系，化繁為簡，適當調整句子語序。故翻譯為hismuseumisnotwellmanagedwhoseexhibitsarecoveredwithdustandtherearefewvisitorssoeverythingisbadlyinneedofimprovement.或Themuseumwhosemanagementisrecklesswhoseexhibitsarepiledwithdustandwhoselobbyisdeserted/requiresimmediateimprovement.【例2】在線預訂出租車雖然很時尚，但許多相關問題尚待解決。(as)【答案】Fashionableasbookingtaxisonlineis,manyrelatedproblemsremaintobesolved.【思路解析】根據中文所給提示詞，as當“雖然，盡管”引導讓步狀語從句需用倒裝語序。4.詞性的合理變化【例1】人們現在隨時能在超市買到新鮮牛奶。（available）【答案】Nowadaysfreshmilkcanavailabletopeopleatanytimeatthesupermarket.【思路解析】句中動詞“買到”轉換為形容詞短語“sth.beavailabletosb”,且注意中英文語序發生了變化。【例2】學生不能進入教師閱覽室。(accessn.)【答案】Studentshavenoaccesstotheteachers’readingroom.【思路解析】句中動詞“進入”轉換為含名詞短語“have/getaccessto”,詞性發生了變化。【例3】網上支付方便了用戶，但是犧牲了他們的隱私。(atthe

cost

of)【答案】Onlinepaymentmakesiteasierforusers,but(itis)atthecostoftheirprivacy【思路解析】句中動詞“犧牲了”轉換為含名詞短語“atthe

cost

of”,詞性發生了變化。要點二：高考翻譯題常設考點時態語態【例1】我第一次寫英語作文時，犯了很多拼寫錯誤。（make）【答案】ThefirsttimeIwroteanEnglishcomposition,Imadealotofspellingmistakes.【例1】這是他第一次回老家過年，是嗎？(time)ThisisthefirsttimethathehasgonebackhometowntospendtheSpringFestival,isn’tit?【例3】當時，那位出租車司機別無選擇，只能求助于游客。（choice）【答案】Atthattimethetaxidriverhadnochoicebuttoturntothetourist/traveler(forhelp).【例4】在過去幾年里，這家工廠用塑料代替木頭來降低成本。(substitute)【答案】Inthepastfewyears,thisfactoryhassubstitutedplasticforwoodinordertoreducethecost.【例5】應該鼓勵學生將課堂上所學的知識用于實踐中去。(apply)【答案】Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopractice.2、以“it”用法為主的考點【例1】正是那場突如其來的大雨打亂了他們的計劃。(It)【答案】Itwastheunexpectedrainthatupsettheirplan.【解析】考查強調句和時態。本句為強調句，其結構為Itis+強調部分+that從句。本句強調主語theunexpectedrain。陳述過去事情，用一般過去時。根據句意，故翻譯為Itwastheunexpectedrainthatupsettheirplan.【例2】那些未曾去過那個小村莊的人很難描繪出它的美麗。（it）【答案】Itisveryhardforthosewhohaven’tbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.【解析】考查it做形式主語用法。【例3】我發現很難與那些一貫固執己見的人合作。（it）【答案】Ifindithard/itishardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.【解析】考查it做形式賓語用法。【例4】如果你方便的話，請幫我從郵局取回包裹。(convenient)【答案】Ifitisconvenienttoyou,pleasefetchtheparcelformefromthepostoffice./Itisimpossibleforyoutocompletethetaskalone.【解析】類似用it形式主語或賓語的形容詞還有convenient,necessary,essential,important等3、以非謂語為主的考點【例1】只喝一杯咖啡就會使我整晚睡不著。（keep）【答案】Drinkingonlyacup

ofcoffeewillkeepmeawakeallnight.【例2】他很后悔失去了獲得獎學金的機會。（regret）【答案】Heregrets

losing

theopportunity

toobtain

the

scholarship.【例3】昨晚有許多人等在劇院前想一睹那位歌星的風采.(therebe)【答案】Therewerealotofpeoplewaitinginfrontofthetheatreyesterdayeveningtohaveaglanceatthestarsinger.【例4】整個上午他都在忙于寫那篇故事，只是偶爾停下來喝杯茶。(breakoff)【答案】Hewasbusywritingthestoryallthemorning,onlybreakingoffoccasionallytohaveacupoftea.【例5】

同其他學生相比，那個女孩有更強的英語聽、說能力。（compare）【答案】Comparedwithotherstudents,thegirlhasbetterlisteningandspeakingabilitiesinEnglish.【例1】這個游戲的規則太復雜，三言兩語解釋不清。(too…to)(2004上海高考)【答案】Theruleofthegameistoocomplicatedtoexplain/beexplainedinafewwords.4、以從句為主的考點【例1】我實在想不通為什么大伙兒都覺得他這個人高不可攀，我印象中他挺和藹可親的。(strike)（2020屆徐匯區高考英語一模）Ican’tunderstandwhypeopleallthinkheisoutofreach/inaccessible,becausehestrikesmeasaveryapproachableandkind/amiableperson.（名詞性從句）【例2】在當今社會，誘惑和干擾無處不在，自律即使不是最重要的，也是重要的品質之一，因為它有效地促進了一個人的進步和發展。(where)(2020屆楊浦區高考一模)Intoday’ssocietywheretemptationsanddistractionsareeverywhere，self-disciplineisoneofthemostimportantqualities,ifnotthemostimportant,for/asitcontributeseffectivelyto/promotes/enhancesaman’sprogressanddevelopment.（定語從句）【例3】如今，病人能很便捷地下載他們的醫療記錄以獲取諸如檢測結果之類的信息，大大節省了時間和人力。(so…that)(2020屆黃埔區高考一模)Nowadays,itissoconvenientforpatientstodownloadtheirmedicalrecordstoaccessinformationsuchasthetestresultsthattheywillsavealotoftimeandlabor.（狀語從句）5、以倒裝句型為主的考點【例1】該選手的機智及開闊的知識面使評委們大為驚異，他們一致同意他為冠軍獲得者。(So…)(2020屆嘉定區高考一模)【答案】Soamazedwerethejudgesatthewisdomandwideknowledgeofthecontestantthattheyallagreedthathewouldbethechampion./bethewinner./winthechampionship.【例2】他向朋保證在任何情況下都不會違背做一個誠實守信的人的承諾。（undernocircumstances）（2018奉賢區二模）【答案】Heassuredhisfriendsthatundernocircumstanceswouldhebreakthepromisethathewouldbeanhonestman.【例3】他親自到了中國后才意識到他對中國的了解是何等膚淺。（Only）【答案】OnlywhenhecametoChinahimselfdidherealizehowpoorhisknowledgeofthecountrywas.【例4】登山運動的吸引力不僅在于運動員之間的激烈競爭，還體現在運動員與自然環境的抗爭中。（Notonly...）(2020屆浦東新區高考一模)【答案】Notonlydoestheappeal/attractionofmountainclimbinglieinthefiercecompetitionbetweenathletes,butitisalsoreflectedintheathletes’fightagainstthenaturalenvironment.(thefightbetweentheathletesandthenaturalenvironment)【例5】一聽到警察的腳步聲，小偷就跑走了。(Away)【答案】Awayranthethiefassoonasheheardthefootstepsofthepolice.（此句為完全倒裝句）6、以動詞或動詞短語為主的考點【例1】看到掛滿枝頭鮮紅嫩綠的果實，他們不禁心生歡喜。（can’thelp)（2020屆奉賢區高考英語一模）【答案】Atthesightofthefruitswithbrilliantcolorshangingonthebranches,theycouldn’thelpfeelingadmiringthem.【例2】本次“城市公共交通周”的活動旨在提高公眾節能環保的意識。(aim)（2020屆徐匯區高考英語一模）【答案】Thecampaignoftheurbanpublictransportweekaimstoraisepublicawarenessofsavingenergyandprotectingtheenvironment/energyconservationandenvironmentalprotection.【例3】

在每天的早晚高峰期間，堵上半小時是常有的事，要是下雨的話，堵的時間就更長了。（stuck）【答案】Duringthemorningandeveningrushhours,itiscommontobestuckintrafficfor

halfanhour,anditwill

belonger

ifitrains.【例4】

家長是孩子們最親近的人，但是有時他們依然不理解孩子們說的話。（figure）【答案】Althoughparentsaretheclosestpeopletotheirchildren,sometimesthey

stillcannotfigureoutwhattheirchildren

say7、以成語（諺語）為主的考點【例1】在很多地區，旅游業對環境的影響簡直觸目驚心，但人們往往因為旅游業帶來的經濟利益而對此置若罔聞。(ablindeye)【答案】Inmanyplaces,theimpactoftourismontheenvironmentisreallyshocking,butpeopleusuallyturnablindeyetoitjustbecauseoftheeconomicbenefitstourismbringsabout.【解析】【詳解】考查短語、時態和定語從句。turnablindeyeto(對……)視而不見；becauseof因為；bringabout帶來。句中先行詞為benefits，在定語從句中作bringabout的賓語，所以用關系代詞which或that引導，也可以省略。陳述客觀事實，用一般現在時。根據句意，故翻譯為Inmanyplaces,theimpactoftourismontheenvironmentisreallyshocking,butpeopleusuallyturnablindeyetoitjustbecauseoftheeconomicbenefitstourismbringsabout.【例2】和學生時代的他相比，那名士兵簡直判若兩人。（How）(2019上海高考）【答案】Howdifferentthesoldierisfromwhathewasinhisschooldays！【詳解】考查感嘆句、時態和名詞性從句。How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語！from后的賓語從句中，從句缺少表語，且指物，所以用連接詞what。根據句意，用一般現在時。故翻譯為Howdifferentthesoldierisfromwhathewasinhisschooldays！【例3】隨著體力逐漸恢復正常，那名業余自行車手的奪冠之夢不再遙不可及。（normal）2019上海高考）【答案】Ashisphysicalstrengthreturnstonormal,theamateurcyclist’sdreamofwinningchampionshipwillnolongerbebeyondreach.【詳解】考查狀語從句、固定短語和時態。本句為as引導的時間狀語從句，從句中表示“體力”應用短語physicalstrength，作主語；表示“恢復正常”可知短語為returntonormal，從句為一般現在時；主句中表示“業余自行車手”短語為amateurcyclist；表示“奪冠之夢”可翻譯為dreamofwinningchampionship；表示“不再”短語為nolonger；表示“遙不可及”短語為beyondreach，主句應用一般將來時。故翻譯為Ashisphysicalstrengthreturnstonormal,theamateurcyclist’sdreamofwinningchampionshipwillnolongerbebeyondreach._____重點小練2022年上海秋季重點小練1.媽媽忘了兩天前剛給鄰居買過黃瓜。（forget）參考譯文：①Mother/Momforgothavingjustboughtsomecucumbersforherneighbortwodaysago.②Mother/Momforgotbuyingsomecucumbersforherneighborjusttwodaysago.解析：本句時態為一般過去時；考核基礎單詞forget的用法：forgetdoing/forgethavingdone忘記做過某事。注意區別：forgettodo忘記去做某事2.每逢節假日，我們都會去郊區露營，為的就是享受悠閑愜意的生活。（sothat）參考譯文：(During)everyholiday/(On)everyholiday,wealwaysgo/willgocampinginthesuburbssothatwecanenjoyaleisurelycomfortable/relaxingandcomfortablelife.解析：考查目的狀語從句。詞塊：露營gocamping；享受生活enjoya...life3.切莫苛求運動強度和頻率，細水長流才能見效。（difference）參考譯文：①Don’tbetoohardonyourselfastotheintensityandfrequencyofdoingsports/exercising/workout,because/asonlybyworkingsteadilylittlebylittle/onlythroughpersistentlittleeffortscanyoumakeadifference.②Don’tbetoohardonyourselfastotheintensityandfrequencyofdoingsports/exercising/workout,because/asonlyworkingsteadilylittlebylittle/persistentlittleeffortscanmakeadifference.③Don’tpushyourselftoohardwhenitcomestotheintensityandfrequencyofdoingsports/exercising/workout,...解析：考察前后語句間的邏輯關系，能找到合適連詞來連接前后語句；“切莫苛求”句中是無主結構，學生應選擇使用祈使句來翻譯；學生需要對四字格“細水長流”先進行理解，在語境中尋找合適的詞進行翻譯;對自己過分苛求的幾種表達：betoohardonyourselfin.../pushyourselftoohard4.這條運河歷經數百年才修建而成，如今雖無昔日繁忙之景，但仍然是橫跨東西的重要水道。（as...as）參考譯文：①Thecanal,whichtookhundredsofyearstobuild,isnotasbusy/prosperousasbefore/itusedtobe/oncewas,butitisstillanimportantwaterwayfromeasttowest.②Ittookhundredsofyearstobuildthiscanalandalthoughitisnolongerasprosperousasitusedtobe,butstillremainsavitalwaterwayextendingfromeasttowest.解析：提示詞as...as可看出本句考察比較狀語從句；考綱詞匯：運河canal；無昔日繁忙之景（也就是：不如以前繁忙）notasbusyasbefore;橫跨東西fromeasttowest；水道watercourse/waterway。2022年上海春季高考英語真題1.他已經有幾十年沒見過如此壯麗的日出了。（since）Ithasbeendecadessincehesawsuchamagnificentsunrise.2.小張昨天在田里播下種子，期待來年的豐收。（sow）Zhangsowedtheseedsinthefieldyesterday,expectingagoodharvestnextyear.3.鑒于手機打車不熟練的老人不在少數，這家公司提供了一系列服務來滿足他們的需求。（afew）Sincetherearemorethanafewelderlypeoplewhoarenotskilledinusingride-hailingservices/requestingataxi/rideonmobilephones,thecompanyoffersarangeofservicestomeettheirneeds.4.正是因為貫徹“顧客為本”的理念，那個落寞已久的社區商場才得以重回大眾視線。（It）Itisbecauseoftheimplementationofthe“customerfirst”conceptthatthelong-desertedcommunityshoppingmallcouldreturntothepubliceye.2021年上海秋季高考英語真題1.你坐會兒，我來看管這六件行李。(look)Youcansitforawhile,andIwilllookafterthe/thesesixpiecesofluggage/baggage.2.打噴嚏時，務必用紙巾遮住口鼻。(Do)Docoveryourmouthandnosewithtissue/atissuewhenyouaresneezing.3.這位頭發花白的外交官與老友不期而遇，腦海中浮現出那段為理想而奮斗的青春歲月。(remind)Thegrey-haireddiplomatraninto/cameacross/encounteredanoldfriend,whichremindedhimofthedaysofhisyouthwhenhewasstrugglingforhisideal.Thegrey-haireddiplomatmetanoldfriendbyaccident,whichremindedhimoftheyouthfulyearsoffightingforideals.4.這位先驅者的故居是間不起眼的木屋，現正修復中，游客有望在六月底一睹其真容。(under)Theformerresidenceofthepioneerisahumblewoodenhouse,whichisnowunderrestoration,andvisitorsarelikelytoseeitsreallookattheendofJune.2021年春季高考真題1.羽毛球館里空無一人，為什么燈還亮著？(howcome)Sincethereisnone/nooneinthebadmintonstadium,howcomethelightsarestillon?2.我花了三天時間畫這副風景畫，來慶祝我曾祖父的百歲壽辰。(take)Ittookmethreedaystopaintthislandscapetocelebratethe100thbirthdayofmygreat-grandfather.3.在太空遨游一周后，載人飛船安全著陸，在那一刻，原本寂靜無聲的發射中心一片歡騰。(Theinstant)Theinstantthemannedspacecraftsafelylandedafteritsone-weekspacetravel,theoriginallysilentlaunchcenterburstinto/brokeintocheers.4.這條小河蜿蜒流淌，與世代居住于此的村民朝夕相伴，見證了這個村莊的日新月異。(company）Thewindingstreamthatkeepsthevillagerscompany,whohavelivedthereforgenerations,isawitnessof/haswitnessedtheconstantchangesofthisvillage.2020年上海春季高考英語真題1. 我們非常感激他們為保護上海方言所付出的努力。(appreciate)Wereally/deeply/trulyappreciatetheirefforttopreservetheShanghaidialectWereally/deeply/trulyappreciatetheeffort(that)theyhavemadetopreservetheShanghaidialect.Weappreciateitdeeply/alot/verymuchthattheyhavemadetheirefforttopreservetheShanghaidialect.2.正如這本小冊子介紹的那樣，這里的司機都有禮讓行人的習慣。(As)Asisintroducedinthebooklet/brochure/leaflet,thedriversheresharethehabitofpolitelygivingwayto/makingwayforthepedestrians.Thedriversherehaveagoodhabitofpolitelywaitingtillthepedestriansgo/cross(thestreet)first,asisintroducedinthisbooklet.3.每周三，這些大學生都會雷打不動地去孤兒院做志愿者，教孩子們剪紙和編織。(arule)ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletovolunteerintheorphanageeveryWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingthekidsskills/craftslikepaper-cuttingandweaving/knitting.Thosecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanagetoworkasvolunteers

everyWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingtheorphanstodopapercuttingandknitting.ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanageEveryWednesdayasvolunteerstoteach/show/demonstrate/instructthechildrenhowtocutpaperandknit.4.這首歌在今年藝術節上首發時，因其旋律歡快，風格詼諧引起轟動，但只是曇花一現。(when)Thesongbecame/wasahit/causedasensationforitsjoyful/cheerfulrhythmandwittystylewhen(itwas)firstperformedattheArtFestivalthisyear,butitspopularitydidn’tlastlong/butitisjustlikeaflashinthepan.WhenfirstperformedattheArtFestivalthisyear,thissongcausedasensationbecauseof/dueto/owingto/thanksto/foritscheerful*melodyandcomicstyle,butitdidn’tlastlong/butitlastedonly(for)averyshorttime/period.2020年秋季高考真題1. 你是否介意替我去開個會/參加會議？(substitute)Do/Wouldyoumind(your)substitutingmeforthemeeting?Do/Wouldyoumindifyousubstitutemeforthemeeting?2. 為了(能)讓媽媽好好休息，小王把水槽和碗櫥擦得干干凈凈。(Inorder...)Inordertomake/lethismotherhaveagoodrest,XiaoWangcleanthesinkandcupboardthoroughly.or: Inorderthathismothercouldhaveagoodrest,XiaoWangwipeddownthesinkandcupboard.3. 春暖花開的四月是領略/欣賞這個南方小鎮美景的最好時間/最佳時機。(when)Withflowersbloomingandtheweatherbeingwarm,Aprilisthebesttimetoappreciatethebeautyofthissoutherntown.4. 面對網店的挑戰，這家百年老店多措并舉，最終轉危為機，再創輝煌。(turn)Inthefaceof/Facing/Facedwiththechallengesfromtheonlinestore,thiscentury-oldstoretookvariousmeasuresatthesametime/takemultiplemeasures,andfinallyturnedthecrisisintoanopportunitytorecreatetheglory._____好題必測例1.我第一次寫英語作文時，犯了許多拼寫錯誤。(make)好題必測ThefirsttimeIwrotetheEnglishcomposition,Imadealotofspellingmistakes.該句是時間狀語從句，某些時間狀語從句由thefirsttime,eachtime,everytime和themoment等詞組引導，它們既有實實在在的意義又有連詞的作用，無需再與其他連詞連用。又如：他每次來，總是講給我們聽一些趣事。Every/Eachtimehecomes,healwaystellsussomethinginteresting.由于Every/Eachtime本身就是連接詞語，所以Every/Eachtime引導的從句，直接跟句子。例2.保護環境是每個公民的職責。(it…)Itisthedutyofeverycitizentoprotectourenvironment.這里it作形式主語，真正的主語是toprotectourenvironment。It作形式主語或形式賓語在翻譯中是個難點。再如：正是你的幫助使得我們有可能在旅游的季節住到一個中國人的家里。ItwasyourhelpthatmadeitpossibleforustostaywithaChinesefamilyduringthetouristseason.這里用it作形式賓語即makeitpossible的句型。而整個句子又是為“Itis/was…that…”的強調句式。看到中文表述“正是……”，往往可能用到強調句。例3.彼得每月留出一點錢以便在不久的將來購買一輛新汽車。(setaside)Petersetsasidesomemoneyeverymonthsothathecanbuyanewcarinthenearfuture.該題考了sothat引導的目的狀語從句，sothat后面有情態動詞的一般為目的狀語從句，沒有的一般為結果狀語從句。如：這部有關第一次世界大戰的歷史小說引人入勝，我簡直愛不釋手。ThehistoricalnovelaboutWorldWarIissoattractivethatIcan’tstandpartingwithit.該句考的是so+形容詞或副詞+that…的結果狀語從句。例4.不管天有多晚，他從不把今天的事拖到明天。(putoff)Howeverlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.該句是讓步狀語從句，表示“無論……”的狀語從句可以翻譯成wh+ever或nomatter+how/what/when/where引導的結構。However后面應該直接跟所修飾的形容詞或副詞，也可翻譯成：Nomatterhowlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.例5.這小孩太調皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心煩意亂。(So…)Sonaughtyisthechildthatheoftenupsetshisparentswhoarebusywiththeirwork.本句主要考察so…that引導的結果狀語從句。由于so大寫，一定要把它放于句首，且句子要倒裝。另外，句中的“忙于”可翻譯為bebusywithsth.或bebusydoing的短語，最后要注意成語或習語“心煩意亂”的表達，切記不要把成語或習語想的太復雜，學生除適當地背一些這方面的表達，更要在理解的基礎上轉化成我們所熟悉的表達。可見翻譯不止考一個句型或某一特定的短語，它考察很全面，所以學生基本功要扎實。例6.無論風多大、雨多急，警察一直堅守在崗位上。（nomatter…）Nomatterhowhardtherainfallsandthewindblows,thepolicekeeptotheirposts.本句考察的讓步狀語從句。Nomatter+特殊疑問詞和特殊疑問詞+ever都可表達。既然句中給的是nomatter…，就很容易讓學生聯想起讓步狀語從句。“風多大、雨多急”看似簡單的短語，學生要靈活的把它們處理在一起。“堅守在崗位”要求學生多整理一些常用動詞和介詞或副詞搭配在一起的短語。例7.盡管遭受如此嚴重的自然災害，但只要不灰心，我們終會克服暫時的困難。（Although)Althoughwearesufferingsuchaserious/severenaturaldisaster,wewilleventuallysmoothaway/overcomethetemporarydifficultyaslongaswedon't/neverloseheart.

最后一個句子貌似比較難，因為句子比較長。但是，高考翻譯中的長句子都是紙老虎，大家只要判斷句子之間的邏輯關系，然后用合適的連接詞（或者介詞短語，非謂語動詞等）把句子給連接起來，整個句子就搞定了。另外，本題對于基本詞匯和詞組的掌握又有所考查，如果考生對一些詞的翻譯不甚了解，可能會導致失分，例如“遭受”、“灰心”、“克服”、“暫時”這些詞的翻譯。在翻譯長句子時還有很重要的一點就是不要漏掉重要信息，這需要考生在翻譯時對句子的細節有精準的把握，翻譯完后再對照一下中英文意思，看有沒有遺漏重要信息。例8.盡管山高林密，醫護人員還是迅速地趕到出事地點，實施援救。（despite）Despitethehighmountainsandthickforests,thedoctorsandnursesrushedtothesceneoftheaccidentfortherescue/tocarryouttherescue.本題考查句子結構和活用。“Despite”是介詞，所以后面應接名詞、名詞短語或名詞性從句。“山高林密”可譯為“thehighmountainsandthick（dense）forests”。“實施救援”是目的，但是也可以譯為表示伴隨情況的并列句。例9.那些未曾去過那個小村莊的人很難描繪出它的美麗。(It…)It’sveryhardforthosewhohaven’tbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.該句關鍵是掌握thosewho引導的定語從句的用法。這里先行詞是those（指人），所以后面用who。例10.我發現很難與那些一貫固執己見的人合作。(...it...)Ifinditishardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.“那些一貫固執己見的”做定語放在中心詞前太長，處理成定語從句更為恰當。“whoalwayssticktotheirownopinions”。_____高考題型組合練A高考題型組合練Youngchildrenwhohaveexperiencedcompassionate(有同情心的)loveandempathy(認同感)fromtheirmothersmaybemorewillingtoturnthoughtsintoactionbybeinggeneroustoothers,aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis’studysuggests.Inlabstudies,childrentestedatages4and6showedmorewillingnesstogiveupthetokens(代金券)theyhadearnedtofictionalchildreninneedwhentwoconditionswerepresent—iftheyshowedbodilychangeswhengiventheopportunitytoshareandhadexperiencedpositiveparentingthatmodeledsuchkindness.Thestudyinitiallyincluded74preschool-agechildrenandtheirmothers.Theywereinvitedbacktwoyearslater,resultingin54mother-childpairswhosebehaviorsandreactionswereanalyzedwhenthechildrenwere6.“Atbothages,childrenwithbetterphysiologicalregulationandwithmotherswhoexpressedstrongercompassionatelovewerelikelytodonatemoreoftheirearnings,”saidPaulHastings,UCDavisprofessorofpsychology.“Compassionatemotherslikelydevelopemotionallycloserelationshipswiththeirchildrenwhilealsoprovidinganearlyexampleofsatisfyingtheneedsofothers,”researcherssaidinthestudy,publishedinNovemberinFrontiersinPsychology”EmotionScience.Ineachlabexercise,afterattachingamonitortorecordchildren’sheart-rateactivity,theexaminertoldthechildrentheywouldbeearningtokensforavarietyofactivities,andthatthetokenscouldbeturnedinforaprize.Thetokenswereputintoabox,andeachchildeventuallyearned20prizetokens.Thenbeforethesessionended,childrenweretoldtheycoulddonateallorpartoftheirtokenstootherchildren.Takentogether,thefindingsshowedthatchildren’sgenerosityissupportedbythecombinationoftheirsocializationexperiences—theirmothers’compassionatelove—andtheirphysiologicalregulation,andthattheseworklike“internalandexternalsupportsfortheabilitytoactprosociallythatbuildoneachother”.Inadditiontoobservingthechildren’spropensity(習性)todonatetheirgameearnings,Hastingssuggestedthat“beinginacalmerstateaftersharingcouldreinforce(加強)thegenerousbehaviorthatproducedthatgoodfeeling.”1．Howdoyoungchildrenlovedbytheirmothertendtobecomeinlateryears?A．Considerate. B．Emotional.C．Generous. D．Optimistic.2．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theprocessoftheresearch. B．Theresultoftheexperiment.C．Thereactionsofthechildren. D．TheimportanceofMom’slove.3．AccordingtoHastings,whatfactorcouldstrengthenchildren’sgoodbehaviors?A．Theirmomslovethemdeeply. B．Theydonatethetokenseasily.C．Theybehavephysiologically. D．Theyarecalmeraftersharing.4．Whatisprobablythebesttitleofthispassage?A．WhatContributestoGenerosity?B．TheMoreYouGive,theCalmerYouWillBeC．DoYouPrefertoReceiveorGive?D．MoreGiving,LessReceiving【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。介紹在小時候從母親那里學到的惻隱之心和認同之情的孩子比同齡人更慷慨。1．C【解析】細節理解題。由第一段“Youngchildrenwhohaveexperiencedcompassionate(有同情心的)loveandempathy(認同感)fromtheirmothersmaybemorewillingtoturnthoughtsintoactionbybeinggeneroustoothers,aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis’studysuggests.”（加州大學戴維斯分校的一項研究表明，那些經歷過母親慈悲之愛和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通過慷慨對待他人，將想法轉化為行動。）可知，早期受到母親關愛的孩子后期往往變得更加慷慨。選項C與文意相符，故選C。2．A【解析】主旨大意題。通讀第二段內容可知，該段介紹了對74名學齡前兒童進行的試驗。首先在實驗室針對兩種情況對他們進行模仿測試，兩年后又對這些母子的行為和反應進行分析。說明本段介紹的是研究的過程。選項A與文意相符，故選A。3．D【解析】細節理解題。由最后一段中的“Hastingssuggestedthat“beinginacalmerstateaftersharingcouldreinforcethegenerousbehaviorthatproducedthatgoodfeeling.”（Hastings認為，“分享后處于更平靜的狀態可以加強產生那種良好感覺的慷慨行為”）可知，分享后更平靜的狀態可以加強慷慨行為，選項D與文意相符，故選D。4．A【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據第一段“Youngchildrenwhohaveexperienced...generoustoothers,aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis’studysuggests.”（加州大學戴維斯分校的一項研究表明，那些經歷過母親慈悲之愛和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通過慷慨對待他人，將想法轉化為行動。）可知，文章介紹的是小時候從母親那里學到的惻隱之心和認同之情的孩子比同齡人更慷慨。選項A與文意相符，故選A。BDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.【2022嘉定二模】CargoBikesBringHometheGoodsSincethefirstlockdown(封鎖),increasingnumbersofcompanieshavestarteddeliveringtheirproductsonelectriccargobikes.AccordingtotheBroughtbyBike,therearenearly450independentbusinessesandtradespeopleacrosstheUKdeliveringgoodstocustomersusingelectricityandpedal(踏板)power.TheBikeDropwasestablishedintheearlydaysofthepandemic(疫情)tohelpbusinessesstrugglingtoreachcustomers.“Therewasinterestassoonasweopened.Companieswantedtochoosethegreeneroptionfordeliverieswhilecustomerslovedhavingtheirshoppingdeliveredbybike—andwealllovehavingcleaner,quieter,saferstreets,”saidHarryMcKeown,themanagingdirectoroftheBikeDrop.Duringthefirstmonthoflockdownthegrocerysectorrecordeda91%increaseinhomedeliveries.McKeownsaiddemandfortheirdeliveryservicesstartedhighandhadcontinuedtoclimb.“Wesoonhad13employeesdeliveringitemsfor36localbusinesses,”hesaid.“Wenowhaveagroupofelectricbikesthathavemadeover6,500individualpickupsanddeliveriesforlocalbusinesses,cycledover10,000kilometersandsavedmorethan2,300kilosofCO2.”E-cargobikescanmovequicklythroughcitystreets,meaningtheyareabletodeliverpackages60%fasterthantheirvanequivalents.Theyarecleaner—savingabout90%incarbonemissions—quieter,andcuttrafficjamsasabikeusesasmallpartoftheroadspaceofavan.Therearealsoagrowingnumberofelectriccargobikescoveringremoteareas:CargodalestarteddeliveringinthevalleysofWestYorkshireandhasexperiencedabusinessboom.TheCargodaleco-founderBeateKubitzsaid:“Iliveinaruralareaandwhenlockdownhappenedandhomedeliveriesincreased,Isawparadesofvanscomingdownmylittlelane,destroyingthedelicat