Source:《夏徛榮歷屆標準解析難度系數：標準Source:《夏徛榮歷屆標準解析難度系數：標準約400詞，使用 2000年Text—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.②Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.③Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.④Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition—ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.⑤Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisy*inthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingon①Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.②Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs—thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.③Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.④Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.⑤Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallbutavoidappearing①Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.②Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnited③Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.④Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly*.⑤Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftcritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardeditsreturnswellcompensatefortheitisrewardedwithmoney,fameanditsgoalsarespiritualratherthanitissharedbytherichandtheThelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitcustomaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitionintoolatetocheckambitionafterthefulfillmentofthedishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentoftheimpracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromSomepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitiontheythinkofitastheirpursuitsarenotfameorambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialtheydonotwanttoappeargreedyandFromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbesecretlyand [B]openlyandeasilyand [D]verballyandSource:《夏徛榮歷屆標準解析難度系Source:《夏徛榮歷屆標準解析難度系數：標準約340詞，使用 分2000Textaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplemayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.②WithregardFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandandspeed.②Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.⑥Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.①Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.②ButitisalittletoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff*!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.”①This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasliterature.②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallyThispassageisasurveyofnewapproachestoareviewofFuturistaboutmeritsoftheFuturistaboutlawsandrequirementsofWhenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtrydetermineitsignoreitsfollowthenewaccepttheFuturistsclaimthatweincreasetheproductionofusepoetrytorelievemoderndevelopnewmodesofavoidusingadjectivesandTheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetrybasedonreasonablenewandacceptabletoordinaryindicativeofabasicchangeinhumanmoreofatransientphenomenonthanSource:《夏徛榮歷屆標準解析難度系數：標準Source:《夏徛榮歷屆標準解析難度系數：標準約420詞，使用 2003年Text②TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.③Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage*—spyingasa“profession.”④ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshaDonovan’svocationaswell.①Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.②Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.③Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.④Thespookscallit“open-sourceinligence,”andastheNetgrows,itis ingincreasinglyinfluential.⑤In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.⑥Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.①AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateinligence-ysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.②Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.③Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineat①StraitfordGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.②Lastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisin.③“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfrom,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.④“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”⑤Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttolgoodinformationfrombad.⑥That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.(4)①Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.②Severalofhisstaffhavemilitary-inligencebackgrounds.③Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.④Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.⑤Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.TheemergenceoftheNetreceivedsupportfromfanslikeremoldedtheinligencerestoredmanycommonrevivedspyingasaDonovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextintroducethetopicofonlineshowhowhefoughtforthegiveanepisodeoftheinformationhonorhisuniqueservicestotheThephrase“makingthebiggestsplash(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobablycausingthebiggest [B]exertingthegreatest[C]achievingthegreatest [D]enjoyingthewidestItcanbelearnedfromparagraph4Straitford’spredictionabouthasprovedStraitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsStraitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyStraitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableStraitfordismostproudofofficial [B]nonconformist [D]militarySource:《夏徛榮歷屆標準解析難度系數：標準約405詞，使用 2003Source:《夏徛榮歷屆標準解析難度系數：標準約405詞，使用 2003年Texttheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.③Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandthreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.④Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.⑤Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberayharmananimal.①Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.②Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.③Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”④Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”⑤Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.①Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.②Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.③Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulbestandcruelat①Muchcanbedone.②Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.③Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.④Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.⑤Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.⑥Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembers*ofmedicalTheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordscallonscientiststotakesomecriticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalwarnofthedoomofbiomedicalshowthetriumphoftheanimalrightsMisledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchcruelbut [B]inhumanand[C]inevitablebut [D]pointlessandTheexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthediscontentwithanimal [B]ignoranceaboutmedical[C]indifferenceto [D]anxietyaboutanimalTheauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshouldcommunicatemorewiththeemployhi-techmeansinfeelnoshamefortheirstrivetodevelopnewFromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperawell-known [B]amedicalanenthusiastinanimal [D]asupporterofanimalSource:《夏徛榮歷屆標準解析難度系數：標準約420詞，使用 2004年Text①Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueoninlect.②Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notSource:《夏徛榮歷屆標準解析難度系數：標準約420詞，使用 2004年Textpursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-inlectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficultto①“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthaninlectual,”sayseducationwriterDosesRavitch.②“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”③Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-inlectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforinlectual①Buttheycouldandshouldbe.②Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.③Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.④Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewill easecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”①“In lectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-inlectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrize②Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulist*urgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.③Practicality,commonsense,andnativeinligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesanythingyoucouldlearnfroma①RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersscho