SectionⅣGrammar&Writingit的用法(Ⅰ)閱讀下列句子，并體會黑體部分的用法1．ItisabeautifuldayhereandIamsittingunderthebigtreeattheendofthegarden.2．ItseemsamazingthatatmyageIamstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometresinanafternoon.3．Believeme，Iknowhoweasyitistobeginsmokingandhowtoughitistostop.一、用作代詞1．it作非人稱代詞，常用于指代時間、距離、自然現象、量度、價值等。Itistimetogetup.(指時間)到起床的時間了。Itisgoingtosnow.(指天氣)(天)要下雪了。Itisalongwayfrommyschooltothehospital.(指距離)從我的學校到醫院(距離)很遠。2．it用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到的事物或動物、指嬰兒(尤指性別不明者)，未指明但談話雙方都明白的事情或情況。Herbaby'sduenexthopesitwillbeaboy.她的孩子該下個月出生。她希望會是個男孩(性別不明)。Weboughtanewhousebutitwillneedalotofworkbeforewecanmovein.(代替前文提到的事物)我們買了一所新房子但搬進去之前還需要做很多工作。二、用作形式主語it充當形式主語，本身無意義，其真正的主語通常是不定式、動名詞或主語從句。it作為形式主語常用于下面句型中：1．Itbe＋adj.＋(forsb.)todo...(對某人來說)做……是……的常用于此句型的形容詞有：possible，necessary，important，easy，strange，natural等2．Itbe＋n.＋doing...做……是……的常用于本句型的名詞有：good，use等3．Itbe＋adj.＋doing...做……是……的常用于本句型的形容詞有：useless，worthwhile等4．Itbe＋adj.＋that...(對某人來說)做……是……的常用于此句型的形容詞有：necessary，important，strange，natural等Itisimpossibletogettherebyboat.坐船不可能到那里。Itisnousegivinghimsomeadvice.＝Itisuselessgivinghimsomeadvice.給他提建議沒用。Itisnecessarythattheworkshouldbedonewell.這項工作應該被完美完成是必須的。Itwassaidthatthetyphoonhadcausedalotofdamage.據說臺風已造成了很多的破壞。It'sapitythatyoumissedsuchanexcitingfootballmatch.你錯過了這么令人興奮的足球比賽，真遺憾。[名師點津]it作形式主語沒有具體的意義，只是把真正的主語移至句子的后面，避免頭重腳輕。三、用作形式賓語1．用于“主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓語補足語”句型中：當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式、動名詞或賓語從句時，常使用it作形式賓語，而往往把真正的賓語——不定式、動名詞或賓語從句置于補足語之后。Theyfeltitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.他們認為在這么短的時間內完成這項工作是困難的。Hemadeitclearthathehatedme.他表達得很明確，他討厭我。[名師點津]為了便于記憶，可以把該句型稱為“6123結構”：6指的是句中常用的六個謂語動詞：think/believe/consider/feel/find/make；1指的是形式賓語it；2指的是賓語補足語的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞；3指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不定式、動名詞或賓語從句。2．在動詞appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love等后代替if或when等引導的從句。Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldcome.如果你能來我會很感激。3．在動詞have(表明；堅持說)，take(認為；猜想)，hide(隱瞞)，publish(公布)，put(表達；寫出來)等后代替that引導的賓語從句。Itakeitthatyoudon'tagreewithme.我認為你不同意我的見解。4．在動詞短語answerfor(擔保)，counton(期待)，dependon，insiston，seeto(確保)等后代替that引導的賓語從句。Hewillappreciateitiftheyinvitehim.如果他們邀請他，他將非常感激。Seetoitthatyouareherepunctuallytomorrow.明天你務必要準時到這里。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．－What'sliketoliveattheNorthPoleinwinter,canyouimagine?－You'llhavetotolerateextremecoldandthelongabsenceofsunlight.2．I'dappreciateifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.3．worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.4．Hedidn'tmakeclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.5．Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon'thaveenoughmoneytobuy.【答案】Ⅱ.完成句子1．抽煙危害健康，這是個事實。thatsmokingisadangertohealth.2．我認為我們彼此保持聯系是重要的。Ithinkthatwekeepupwitheachother.3．我們首次見面是在秋天。whenwemetforthefirsttime.4．他三年前買了個照相機，他已經用它拍了很多照片。Heboughtacamerathreeyearsagoandhastakenmanypictures．5．你這么做是聰明的。todoso.【答案】isafactimportantwasautumnit'scleverofyou應用文寫作——回復建議信回復建議信是針對對方提出的問題或困惑，有針對性地提出自己的建議的一種書信文體。一、基本結構首先，要分析問題，表明自己的觀點；其次，針對問題提出建議，并說明原因；最后，提出期望，希望收信者積極行動，改進現狀，并禮貌地結束全文。二、注意事項提出個人的建議時，應注意以下兩點：1．態度謙恭理智：不管對方提出的問題有無實際價值，態度是否中肯，都要認真對待，理智分析，并對對方提出的問題給出合理的解釋以及實際有效的解決方法。2.簡明扼要，以理服人：針對問題提出解決方法時，一定要語氣柔和，態度明確，邏輯分明，重點突出，讓對方感到“納而有因，拒而有理”。[亮點句式]1．首段：引出問題①Iamsorryyouhavehadsomuchtroublein...②Youhaveaskedformyadviceon...andIwilltrytomakesomesuggestions.③Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtobetrusted...2．主體：提出提議①Inmyopinion，youwouldbewisetotakethefollowingaction.②Firstofall，...；Meanwhile，...；Inaddition...③It'simportantforyouto...3．結尾：提出期望①Don'tloseheart，whateverhappens.②Iwillbeverygladifyoufindmysuggestionsuseful.③PleaseletmeknowifIcanhelpfurther.④Cheerup！Yourtroubleswillsoonbeover.⑤Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.[寫作任務]假設你是李華。你的英國筆友John寫信告訴你近日他由于沉迷于電腦游戲，健康受到很大影響。他十分焦慮。請你根據以下要點提示，給他寫一封回信，建議他養成良好的生活習慣。要點：1.限制玩游戲的時間，把精力逐漸轉移到其他事情上；2．規定起床和睡覺的時間，形成良好的作息習慣；3．每天鍛煉半小時，增強體質。注意：1.詞數80左右，開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數；2．可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。DearJohn，I'msorrytohearthatyou'readdictedtocomputergames，whichhashadabadeffectonyourhealth.Bestwishes!Yours，LiHua[審題謀篇]體裁建議信話題日常生活時態一般現在時人稱第一、二人稱[遣詞造句]Ⅰ.詞匯1．擺脫2．參加3．養成……的習慣4．增強體質【答案】ridof/removetakepartin/participatein/joininintothehabitof...up/strengthenone'shealthⅡ.句式1．I'mwillingtogiveyousomeadvicewillhelpgetridofcomputergames.(用定語從句合并句子)I'mwillingtogiveyousomeadvicethatwillhelpgetridofcomputergames.2．Youshouldriseandsleepaccordingtoscheduleinordertogetintothehabitofworkingandrestingregularly.(改為復合句)Youshouldriseandsleepaccordingtoschedulesothat/inorderthatyoucangetintothehabitofworkingandrestingregularly.[妙筆成篇]DearJohn，I'msorrytohearthatyou'readdictedtocomputergames，whichhashadabadeffectonyourhealth.Bestwishes!Yourssincerely，LiHua【參考范文】DearJohn，I'msorrytohearthatyou'readdictedtocomputergames，whichhashadabadeffectonyourknowyouworryaboutitveryI'mwillingtogiveyousomeadvicethatwillhelpyougetridofcomputergames.Firstly，limitthetimetoplaycomputergamesandpaymoreattentiontootheractivitiesafter，youshouldriseandsleepaccordingtoschedulesothatyoucangetintothehabitofworkingandrestingbutnotleast，dosomeexerciseforabouthalfanhourtostrengthenyourhealtheveryday.Ihopeyoucangetridofcomputergamestoliveahealthylife.Bestwishes!Yours，LiHua學業分層測評（九）Ⅰ.完成句子1．很清楚他不喜歡它。hedoesn'tlikeit.2．請注意一下門鎖了沒有。Pleasethedoorislocked.3．做出那道數學題很容易。Itiseasy．4．我花了一周時間才看完這本書。tofinishreadingthebook.5．他習慣了黎明前起床。Hethathegetsupbeforedawn.【答案】isveryclearthat2．seetoitthat3．toworkoutthemathsproblem4．Ittookmeaweek5．makesitaruleⅡ.閱讀理解Whohasn'tfoundthemselvesreachingfortheclosestfoodavailablewhenthey'retiredandstressed?Moreandmoreresearchisprovingthatthisisn'tallinourmind.Somefoodsreallydoleadtoachangeinourmoods.Carbohydrate(碳水化合物)forcalmThisishowsomepeoplemedicatethemselveswithfood－byreachingforcookiesorpastawheneverthey'reupset.Unfortunately,itdoesn'talwayswork.Youmusteatamealconsistingof100%carbohydrate,onanemptystomach,toobtaintheserotonin(血清素)increasesothatyouhaveagoodmood.Togetthewished-foreffect,youmustnoteatanythingforfourhoursandtheneatatleast30gramsofstraightcarbohydrate.Drycereal(谷類食品),apieceofbreadwithjam,orapotatoshoulddothetrick．ProteinforpowerOfcourse,sometimeswedon'tneedtobecalmandsleepy.Sometimesweneedagreatdealofmentalconcentration,sothisiswhenit'simportanttomixproteinandcarbohydrate.Theproteinwillpreventthetryptophan(色氨酸)fromfloodingyourbrain,andtheriseinserotoninwon'toccur.WhydessertmakesushappyFatandsugarcausethebraintoletgoendorphins(內啡肽),whichsendpleasuresignalsthroughoutthebody.Thiswouldbefine,excepthumansarenotparticularlygoodatstoppingatonecookieorcake.Youcanalsosatisfyyoursweettoothbychoosingfruitfordessert.TimingyourmealsforenergyBloodsugardropsafterfourhoursofgoingwithoutfood,causingadecreaseinenergy.Eatingusuallyfixesthiswithin20to30minutes,butdon'tsupposethateatingmorewillcauseafasterincreaseinenergy.Whenyoueathasasmuchofaneffectonyourmoodaswhatyoueat.Ifyouregularlygoforalongperiodoftimebetweenmeals,rethinkyourscheduleandplanahead.1．Theunderlinedphraseinthethirdparagraphmeans．A．beextremelysmartB．intendtocheatsomeoneC．bringaboutthedesiredresultD．dosomethingtoamusepeople【解析】詞義理解題。此處與本段開頭部分的“Togetthewished-foreffect”相呼應，由此可推斷其意思是“達到預期效果”。【答案】C2．Thefunctionofproteinis．A．tohelpyoukeepcalmandsleepyB．tomakeyoufeelenergeticC．toleadyoutoslownessD．toincreaseserotonininyourbrain【解析】細節理解題。根據第二個標題中的內容可知蛋白質的功能是讓你精力充沛。【答案】B3．Wecaninferfromthelasttwopartsthat．A．fatandsugarcangreatlyhelppeoplefeelhappyB．wehumanstendtoeatlotsofcookiesandcakesC．themoreweeat,thefasterwewillgainenergyD．whatweeatismoreimportantthanwhenweeat【解析】推理判斷題。根據第三個標題第一句中的內容可知脂肪和糖能極大地幫助人們感覺高興。【答案】A4．Themainideaofthepassageis．A．eatingforabettermoodB．eatingtomakeyoucalmC．eatingformoreproteinD．eatingtomakeusstrong【解析】主旨大意題。第一段的最后一句是本文的中心句，根據本句的內容可知最佳標題是“吃出好心情”。【答案】AⅢ.語法填空【導學號：33100039】(2023·陜西西安高二模擬)Oncetherelivedarichman1.wantedtodosomethingforthepeopleofhistown.2.firsthewantedtofindoutwhethertheydeservedhishelp.Inthecentreofthemainroadintothetown,heplaced3.verylargestone.Thenhe4.(hide)behindatreeandwaited.Soonanoldmancamealongwithhiscow.“Whoputthisstoneinthecentreoftheroad？”saidtheoldman，buthedidnottrytoremovethestone.Instead,withsomedifficultyhepassedaroundthestoneandcontinuedonhisway.5.mancamealonganddidthesamething；thenanothercame,andanother.Allofthemcomplainedaboutthestonebutnottriedtoremoveintheafternoonayoungmancamealong.Hesawthestone,6.(say)tohimself:“Thenight7.(be)verydark.Someneighborswillcomealong8.(late)inthedarkandwillfallagainstthestone.”Thenhebegantomovethestone.Hepushedandpulledwithallhis9.(strong)tomoveit,only10.(find)abagofmoneyunderthestone.Imaginehowsurprisedhewas!1．【解析】who引導定語從句，修飾arichman。【答案】who2．【解析】but表示轉折。【答案】But3．【解析】averylargestone一塊非常大的石頭。【答案】a4．【解析】短文用一般過去時敘述了一個故事。【答案】hid5．【解析】前文提到anoldman，此處指另一個人。【答案】Another6．【解析】say與he為邏輯上的主動關系，故用saying。【答案】saying7．【解析】晚上將會很黑，由下文willcome也可知用將來時。【答案】willbe8．【解析】副詞作狀語。【答案】later9．【解析】形容詞性物主代詞后應該用名詞。【答案】strength10．【解析】onlytodo表示意料之外的結果。【答案】tofindⅣ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。(2023·浙江寧海中學高二期中考試)Inschoolsandathome，mostofushavebeenscoldedorevengotpunishedformajorityofpeoplesaythatbydaydreamingwewasteourtimeandenergyinsomethingthatisnothinglessthanunproductivemanymedicalstudieshaveshowedsomething'vestressedonthefactthatdaydreamingworkswondersonourimaginationpower，creativityandsituation-handlingfact，manyproblemscanbeeasilysolvedifwedaydream.Thetopmostbenefitofdaydreamingisthatyourmoodgetstherightseparatingyourselffromtheworldaroundyou，youtendtoenjoythealonenessinyourmindandgetpeacefromdaydreamingasyouthinkaboutsomethingthatcalmsyouryoustartimaginingthingswhiledaydreaming，youtendtoforgetallthestressand，yougethappinessfromitandthishappinesschangesintoasourceofenergythathelpsyouinworkinginagoodmood.Manypsychologistshavesaidthatpeoplewhodaydreamtendtohaveasharper'struethatwhenyou'redaydreaming，youtendtog