法律專業詞匯內容：律師、訴訟、民事、商事、刑法、行政、勞動與社會保障一、律師部分案件受理費courtacceptancefee案情重大、復雜importantandcomplicatedcase案由causeofaction案子case包攬訴訟monopolizelawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件);theaccused(用于刑事案件)被上訴人appellee被訴人respondent;defendant本地律師localcounsel畢業證diploma;graduationcertificate辯護詞defense;pleadings辯護律師defenselawyer辯護要點pointofdefense辯護意見submission財產租賃propertytenancy裁定書order;ruling;determination（指終審裁定）裁決書award（用于仲裁）裁決書verdict（用于陪審團）采信的證據admittedevidence;establishedevidence草擬股權轉讓協議draftingagreementofassignmentofequityinterests查閱法條sourcelegalprovisions出差goonerrand;goonabusinesstrip出國深造furtherstudyabroad出具律師意見書providinglegalopinion出示的證據exhibit出庭appearincourt傳票summons;subpoena答辯狀answer;reply代理詞representation代理房地產買賣與轉讓agencyforsaleandtransferofrealestate代理仲裁agencyforarbitration代寫文書draftingoflegalinstruments待決案件pendingcase當事人陳述statementoftheparties第三人thirdparty吊銷執業證revocationoflawyerlicense調查筆錄investigativerecord調查取證investigationandgatheringforevidence調解mediation調解書mediation二審案件caseoftrialofsecondinstance法律專業詞匯發送電子郵件sende-mail法律顧問legalconsultants法律意見書legalopinions法律援助legalaid法律咨詢legalcounseling法庭division;tribunal法學博士學位LL.D(DoctorofLaws)法學會lawsociety法學課程legalcourses法學碩士學位LL.M(MasterofLaws)法學系facultyoflaw;departmentoflaw法學院lawschool法院公告courtannouncement反訴狀counterclaim房地產律師realestatelawyer;realpropertylawyer非合伙律師associatelawyer非訴訟業務non-litigationpractice高級合伙人seniorpartner高級律師seniorlawyer各類協議和合同agreementsandcontracts公安局PublicSecurityBureau公司上市companylisting公訴案件public-prosecutingcase公證書notarycertificate國辦律師事務所state-runlawoffice國際貿易internationaltrade國際訴訟internationallitigation國內訴訟domesticlitigation合伙律師partnerlawyer合伙制律師事務所lawofficeinpartner-ship;cooperatinglawoffice合同審查、草擬、修改contractreview,draftingandrevision會見當事人interviewaclient會見犯罪嫌疑人interviewacriminalsuspect兼職律師part-timelawyer監獄prison;jail鑒定結論expertconclusion繳納會費membershipdues舉證責任burdenofproof決定書decision勘驗筆錄recordofrequest看守所detentionhouse抗訴書protest控告人accuser;complainant跨國訴訟transnationallitigation勞動爭議labordisputes勞動爭議仲裁委員會arbitrationcommitteeforlabordisputes法律專業詞匯勞改場reform-through-laborfarm;prisonfarm利害關系人interestedparty;partyininterest律管處處長directoroflawyercontroldepartment律師lawyerattorney;attorneyatlaw律師懲戒lawyerdiscipline律師法LawyerLaw律師費lawyerfee律師函lawyer’sletter律師見證lawyerattestation/authentication律師見證書lawyercertification/authentication/witness律師卷宗lawyer’sdocile;file律師刊物lawyer’sjournal律師聯系電話contactphonenumberofalawyer律師事務所lawoffice;lawfirm律師收費billingbylawyer律師網站lawyerwebsite律師協會NationalBar(Lawyer)Association律師協會會員memberofLawyerAssociation律師協會秘書長secretarygeneralofBar(Lawyer)Association律師協會章程ArticlesofLawyerAssociation律師業務室lawyer’soffice律師執業證lawyerlicense律師助理assistantlawyer律師資格考試barexam;lawyerqualificationexam律師資格證lawyerqualificationcertificate民事案件civilcase民事調解civilmediation民事訴訟civillitigation派出所localpolicestation;policesubstation判決judgment(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于終審);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪審團作出)旁證circumstantialevidence企業章程articlesofassociation;articlesofincorporation;bylaw企業重組corporaterestructure起訴狀information;indictment取消律師資格disbar全國律師代表大會NationalLawyerCongress缺席宣判pronouncejudgmentordeterminationbydefault人民法院People’sCourt人民檢察院People’sProcuratorate認定事實determinefacts上訴案件caseoftrialofsecondinstance;appellatecase上訴人appellant上訴狀petitionforappeal涉外律師lawyersspeciallyhandlingforeign-relatedmatters申請復議administrativereconsiderationpetition法律專業詞匯申請加入律師協會applicationforadmissiontoLawAssociation申請人petitioner;claimant申訴案件appealcase申訴人（仲裁）claimant;plaintiff申訴書appealforrevision,petitionforrevision實習律師apprenticelawyer;lawyerinprobationperiod實習律師證certificateofapprenticelawyer視聽證據audio-visualreferencematerial適用法律applylawtofacts受害人victim書證documentaryevidence司法部MinistryofJustice司法建議書judicialadvise司法局JudicialBureau司法局副局長deputydirectorofJudicialBureau司法局局長directorofJudicialBureau司法統一考試uniformjudicialexam送達serviceofprocess訴訟litigation;action;lawsuit訴訟當事人litigationparty;litigiousparty訴訟業務litigationpractice訴狀complaint;billofcomplaint;statementofclaim推銷法律服務promote/marketlegalservice外國律師事務所foreignlawoffice委托代理合同authorizedrepresentationcontract委托代理人agent委托授權書powerofattorney物證materialevidence嫌疑人criminalsuspect項目融資projectfinancing項目談判projectnegotiating刑事案件criminalcase刑事訴訟criminallitigation行政訴訟administrativelitigation休庭adjournthecourt;recess宣判pronouncejudgment;determination宣誓書affidavit業務進修attendanceinadvancedstudies一審案件caseoftrialoffirstinstance與國外律師事務所交流communicatewithforeignlawfirms原告plaintiff證券律師securitieslawyer證人證言testimonyofwitness;affidavit執行筆錄executionrecord執業登記registrationforpractice執業范圍scopeofpractice;sphereofpractice;practicearea法律專業詞匯執業申請practiceapplication執業證年檢annualinspectionoflawyerlicense仲裁arbitration仲裁案件arbitrationcase仲裁機構arbitrationagency專門律師specializedlawyer專職律師professionallawyer;full-timelawyer撰寫法律文章writelegalthesis資信調查creditstandinginvestigation自訴案件privateprosecutingcase資信調查creditstandinginvestigation自訴案件privateprosecutingcase二、訴訟法律案件case案件發回remandacase(toalowcourt)案件名稱titleofacase案卷材料materialsinthecase案情陳述書statementofcase案外人personotherthaninvolvedinthecase案值totalvalueinvolvedinthecase敗訴方losingparty辦案人員personnelhandlingacase保全措施申請書applicationforprotectivemeasures報案reportacase(tosecurityauthorities)被告defendant;theaccused被告人最后陳述finalstatementoftheaccused被告向原告第二次答辯rejoinder被害人victim被上訴人respondent;theappellee被申請人respondent被申請執行人partyagainstwhomexecutionisfiled被執行人personsubjecttoenforcement本訴principalaction必要共同訴訟人partyinnecessaryco-litigation變通管轄jurisdictionbyaccord辯護defense辯護律師defenseattorney/lawyer辯護人defender辯護證據exculpatoryevidence;defenseevidence辯論階段stageofcourtdebate駁回反訴dismissacounterclaim;rejectacounterclaim駁回請求deny/dismissamotion法律專業詞匯駁回訴訟dismissanaction/suit駁回通知書noticeofdismissal駁回自訴dismiss/rejectaprivateprosecution駁回自訴裁定書rulingofdismissingprivate-prosecutingcase補充答辯supplementaryanswer補充判決supplementaryjudgment補充偵查supplementaryinvestigation不公開審理trialincamera不立案決定書writtendecisionofnocase-filing不批準逮捕決定書writtendecisionofdisapprovinganarrest不予受理起訴通知書noticeofdismissalofaccusationbythecourt財產保全申請書applicationforattachment;applicationforpropertypreservation裁定order;determination(指最終裁定)裁定管轄jurisdictionbyorder裁定書order;ruling裁決書award采信的證據admittedevidence查封sealup撤回上訴withdrawappeal撤訴withdrawalawsuit撤銷立案revokeacaseplacedonfile出示的證據exhibit除權判決invalidatingjudgment(fornegotiableinstruments)傳喚summon;call傳聞證據hearsay答辯answer;reply答辯陳述書statementofdefence答辯狀answer;reply大法官associatejustices;justice大檢察官deputychiefprocurator代理控告agencyforaccusation代理申訴agencyforappeal代理審判員actingjudge彈劾式訴訟accusatoryprocedure當事人陳述statementoftheparties當庭宣判pronouncementofjudgmentorsentenceincourt地區管轄territorialjurisdiction地區檢察分院inter-mediatePeople’sProcuratorate第三人thirdparty調查筆錄recordofinvestigation定期宣判pronouncementofjudgementorsentencelateronafixeddate定罪證據incriminatingevidence;inculpatoryevidence凍結freeze督促程序procedureofsupervisionandurge獨任庭sole-judgebench獨任仲裁員solearbitrator法律專業詞匯對席判決judgementinterparties二審trialofsecondinstance二審案件caseoftrialofsecondinsurance罰款imposeafine法定證據statutorylegalevidence法定證據制度systemoflegalevidence法官judges法警bailiff;courtpolice法律文書legalinstruments/papers法律援助legalaid法律咨詢legalconsulting法庭辯論courtdebate法庭調查courtinvestigation法庭審理筆錄courtrecord法庭審理方式modeofcourttrial法庭庭長chiefjudgeofatribunal法院court法院公告courtannouncement反訴counterclaim反訴答辯狀answerwithcounterclaim反訴狀counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminalsuspect附帶民事訴訟案件acollateralcivilaction附帶民事訴訟被告defendantofcollateralcivilaction復查reexamination;recheck復驗reinspect高級法官seniorjudge高級檢察官seniorprocurator高級人民法院HigherPeople’sCourt告訴案件caseofcomplaint告訴才處理的案件caseacceptedatcomplaint告訴申訴庭complaintandpetitiondivision工讀學校work-studyschoolfordelinquentchildren公安部MinistryofPublicSecurity公安分局publicsecuritysub-bureau公安廳publicsecuritybureauatthelevelsofprovinces公開審理trialinpublic公開審判制度opentrialsystem公示催告程序procedureofpublicsummonsforexhortation公訴案件public-prosecutingcase公訴詞statementofpublicprosecution公證機關publicnotaryoffice共同管轄concurrentjurisdiction管轄jurisdiction國際司法協助internationaljudicialassistance海事法院maritimecourt法律專業詞匯合議庭collegialpanel合議庭評議筆錄recordofdeliberatingbythecollegiatebench和解composition;compromise核對訴訟當事人身份checkidentityoflitigiousparties恢復執行resumptionofexecution回避withdrawal混合式訴訟mixedaction基層人民法院basicPeople’sCourt羈押期限termincustody級別管轄subjectmatterjurisdictionofcourtsatdifferentlevels監視居住livingathomeundersurveillance監獄prison檢察官procurator檢察權prosecutorialpower檢察委員會procuratorial/prosecutorialcommittee檢察院procuratorate檢察院派出機構outposttribunalofprocuratorate簡易程序summaryprocedure鑒定結論expertconclusion經濟審判庭economictribunal徑行判決directadjudicationwithoutsessions;judgementwithoutnotice糾問式訴訟inquisitionalproceedings拘傳summonbyforce;summonbywarrant拘留所detentionhouse舉報information/reportofanoffence舉證責任burdenofproof決定書decision開庭審理openacourtsession開庭通知noticeofcourtsession勘驗筆錄recordofinquest看守所detentionhouse可執行財產executableproperty控告式訴訟accusatoryproceedings控訴證據incriminatingevidence控訴職能accusationfunction扣押attachment扣押物distress/distraint寬限期periodofgrace勞動爭議仲裁申請書petitionforlabordisputearbitration勞改場reform-through-laborfarm勞教所reeducation-through-laboroffice類推判決的核準程序procedureforexaminationandapprovalofanalogicalsentence累積證據cumulativeevidence立案報告placeacaseonfile立案管轄functionaljurisdiction立案決定書writtendecisionofcase-filing法律專業詞匯立案偵查reportofplacingacaseonfile利害關系人interestedparty臨時裁決書interimaward律師見證書lawyer’swrittenattestation;lawyer’swrittenauthentication律師事務所lawoffice;lawfirm律師提前介入priorinterventionbylawyer免于刑事處分exemptionfromcriminalpenalty民事案件civilcase民事審判庭civiltribunal民事訴訟civilaction民事訴訟法CivilProceduralLaw扭送seizeanddeliverasuspecttothepolice派出法庭detachedtribunal派出所policestation判決judgement;determination判決書judgement;determination;verdict(指陪審團作出的)旁證circumstantialevidence陪審員juror批準逮捕approvalofarrest破案clearupacriminalcase;solveacriminalcase破產bankruptcy;insolvency普通程序general/ordinaryprocedure普通管轄generaljurisdiction起訴filingofalawsuit起訴sue;litigate;prosecute;institutionofproceedings起訴狀indictment;information區縣檢察院grassrootsPeople’sProcuratorate取保候審thebailpendingtrialwithrestrictedlibertyofmoving缺席判決defaultjudgement人民調解委員會People’sMediationCommittee認定財產無主案件casesconcerningdeterminationofpropertyasqwnerless上訴appeal上訴人appellant上訴狀petitionforappeal少管所juvenileprison社會治安綜合治理comprehensivetreatmentofsocialsecurity涉外案件casesinvolvingforeigninterests涉外民事訴訟foreigncivilproceedings涉外刑事訴訟foreigncriminalproceedings申請人applicant;petitioner申請書petition;applicationforarbitration申請執行人executionapplicant申訴人宣誓書claimant’saffidavitofauthenticity申訴書appealforrevision;petitionforrevision神示證據制度systemofdivinityevidence神示制度ordealsystem法律專業詞匯審查案件casereview審查并決定逮捕examineanddecidearrest審查起訴階段stageofreviewandprosecution審理通知書noticeofhearing審判長presidingjudge審判長宣布開庭presidingjudgeannouncecourtinsession審判管轄adjudgement/trialjurisdiction審判監督程序procedurefortrialsupervision審判委員會judicialcommittee審判員judge審問式訴訟inquisitionalproceedings生效判決裁定legallyeffectivejudgement/order勝訴方winningparty省市自治區檢察院higherPeople’sProcuratorate失蹤和死亡宣告declarationofdisappearanceanddeath實（質）體證據substantialevidence實物證據tangibleevidence實在證據realevidence示意證據demonstrativeevidence視聽證據audio-visualevidence收容所collectingpost;saferetreat首席大法官chiefjustice首席檢察官chiefprocurator受害人的近親屬victim’simmediatefamily受理acceptance受理刑事案件審批表registrationformofacceptanceofcriminalcase受送達人theaddressee書記員courtclerk書記員宣讀法庭紀律courtclerkreadscourtrules書證documentaryevidence司法部MinistryofJustice司法警察judicialpolice司法局judicialbureau司法協助judicialassistance死緩的復核judicialreviewofdeathsentencewitharetrieve死刑復核程序procedureforjudicialreviewofdeathsentence死刑復核權competenceforjudicialreviewofdeathsentence送達serviceofprocess送達傳票serviceofsummons/subpoena送達訴狀serviceofbillofcomplaint搜查search訴sue;suit;action;lawsuit訴前財產保全propertyattachmentpriortolawsuit訴訟litigation;lawsuit;sue;action訴訟保全attachment訴訟參加人litigiousparticipants法律專業詞匯訴訟代理人agentadlitem訴狀complaint;billofcomplaint;stateofclaim特別程序specialprocedures提起公訴instituteapublicprosecution鐵路法院railwaycourt鐵路檢察院railroadtransportprocuratorate庭審程序procedureofcourttrial通緝wantedforarrest投案appearance退回補充偵查returnofacaseforsupplementaryinvestigation委托辯護entrusteddefense未成年人法庭juvenilecourt無行政職務的法官associatejudge無正當理由拒不到庭refusetoappearincourtwithoutduecause無罪判決acquittal,findingof“notguilty”物證materialevidence先予執行申請書applicationforadvancedexecution先予執行advancedexecution刑事案件criminalcase刑事拘留criminaldetention刑事強制拘留criminalcoercive/compulsorymeasures刑事審判庭criminaltribunal刑事訴訟criminalproceedings刑事訴訟法CriminalProceduralLaw刑事自訴狀self-incriminatingcriminalcomplaint行政案件administrativecase行政審判庭administrativetribunal行政訴訟administrativeproceedings行政訴訟法AdministrativeProceduralLaw宣告失蹤、宣告死亡案件casesconcerningthedeclarationofdisappearanceanddeath宣判筆錄recordofrenditionofjudgement選民資格案件casesconcerningqualificationsofvoters詢問證人inquire/questionawitness訓誡reprimand訊問筆錄recordofinterrogation詢問犯罪嫌疑人interrogatecriminalsuspect言詞證據verbalevidence要求傳喚證人申請書applicationforsubpoena一裁終局arbitrationawardshallbefinalandbinding一審trialoffirstinstance一審案件caseoftrialoffirstinstance應訴通知書noticeofrespondencetoaction有罪判決sentence;findingof“guilty”予審pretrial原告plaintiff院長courtpresident法律專業詞匯閱卷筆錄recordoffilereview(bylawyers)再審案件caseofretrial再審申請書petitionforretrial責令具結悔過ordertosignastatementofrepentance債權人會議creditors’meeting偵查階段investigationstage偵查終結conclusionofinvestigation征詢原、被告最后意見consultingfinalopinionoftheplaintiffanddefendant證據evidence證據保全preserveevidence證據保全申請書applicationforevidencepreservation證人證言testimonyofwitness;affidavit支付令paymentorder/warrant知識產權庭intellectualpropertytribunal執行程序procedureexecution執行逮捕executionofarrest執行和解conciliationofexecution執行回轉recoveryofexecution執行庭executivetribunal執行異議objectiontoexecution執行員executor執行中止discontinuanceofexecution執行終結conclusionofexecution指定辯護appointeddefense指定仲裁員聲明statementofappointingarbitrator中級人民法院intermediatePeople’sCourt中途退庭retreatduringcourtsessionwithoutpermission仲裁arbitration仲裁被訴人respondent;defendant仲裁裁決award仲裁申請書arbitration仲裁申訴人claimant;plaintiff仲裁庭arbitrationtribunal仲裁委員會arbitrationcommittee仲裁協議arbitrationagreement;clausesofarbitration仲裁員arbitrator主訴檢察官principalprocurator助理檢察官assistantprocurator助理審判員assistantjudge專門法院specialcourt專門管轄specificjurisdiction專屬管轄exclusivejurisdiction追究刑事責任investigateforcriminalresponsibility自首confessiontojustice自訴案件private-prosecutingcase自行辯護self-defense法律專業詞匯自由心證制度doctrineofdiscretionalevaluationofevidence自偵案件self-investigatingcase最高人民法院theSupremePeople’sCourt最高人民檢察院theSupremePeople’sProcuratorate最后裁決書finalaward三、民事法律法律淵源sourceoflaw制定法statute判例法caselaw;precedent普通法commonlaw特別法speciallaw固有法nativelaw;indigenouslaw繼受法adoptedlaw實體法substantiallaw程序法procedurallaw原則法fundamentallaw例外法exceptionlaw司法解釋judicialinterpretation習慣法customarylaw公序良俗publicorderandmoral自然法naturallaw羅馬法RomanLaw私法privatelaw公法publiclaw市民法juscivil民法法系civillawsystem英美法系systemofAnglo-Americanlaw大陸法系civillawsystem普通法commonlaw大陸法continentallaw羅馬法系Romanlawsystem英吉利法Englishlaw衡平法equity;lawofequity教會法ecclesiasticallaw寺院法canonlaw民法法律規范normofcivillaw授權規范authorizationnorm禁止規范forbiddingnorm義務性規范obligatorynorm命令性規范commandingnorm民法基本原則fundamentalprinciplesofcivillaw平等原則principleofequality法律專業詞匯自愿原則principleoffreewill公平原則principleofjustice等價有償原則principleofequalvalueexchange誠實信用原則principleofgoodfaith行為act作為act不作為omission合法行為lawfulact違法行為unlawfulact民事權利權利能力civilright絕對權absoluteright相對權relativeright優先權rightofpriority先買權preemption原權antecedentright救濟權rightofrelief支配權rightofdominion請求權rightofclaim物上請求權rightofclaimforrealthing形成權rightofformation撤銷權rightofclaimingcancellation否認權rightofclaimingcancellation解除權rightofrenouncement代位權subrogatedright選擇權rightofchoice承認權rightofadmission終止權rightoftermination抗辯權rightofdefense一時性抗辯權momentaryrightofdefense永久性抗辯權permanentcounter-argumentright不安抗辯權unstablecounter-argumentright同時履行抗辯權defenserightofsimultaneousperformance既得權testedright期待權expectantright專屬權exclusiveright非專屬權non-exclusiveright人身權利personalright人權humanright人格權rightofpersonality生命健康權rightoflifeandhealth姓名權rightofname名稱權rightofname肖像權rightofportraiture自由權rightoffreedom名譽權rightreputation隱私權rightofprivacy法律專業詞匯私生活秘密權rightofprivacy貞操權virginityright身份權rightofstatus親權parentalpower;parentalright親屬權rightofrelative探視權visitationright配偶權rightofspouse榮譽權rightofhonor權利的保護protectionofright公力救濟publicprotection私力救濟self-protection權利本位standardofright社會本位standardofsociety無責任行為irresponsibleright正當防衛justifiableright防衛行為actofdefence自為行為self-conductingact緊急避險actofrescue;necessity自助行為actofself-help不可抗力forcemajeure意外事件accident行為能力capacityforact意思能力capacityofwill民事行為civilact意思表示declarationofintention意思表示一致meetingofminds;consensus完全行為能力perfectcapacityforact限制行為能力restrictivecapacityforact準禁治產人quasi-interdictedperson保佐protection自治產人minorwhoiscapableofadministeringhisowncapacity無行為能力incapacityforact禁治產人interdictedperson自然人naturalperson公民citizen住所domicile居所residence經常居住地frequentlydwellingplace戶籍censusregister監護guardianship個體工商戶individualbusiness合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙協議partnershipagreement合伙財產propertyofpartnership合伙債務debtofpartnership法律專業詞匯入伙joinpartnership退伙withdrawalfrompartnership合伙企業partnershipbusinessestablishment個人合伙partnership法人合伙partnershipoflegalperson特別合伙specialpartnership普通合伙generalpartnership有限合伙limitedpartnership民事合伙civilpartnership隱名合伙sleepingpartnership;dormantpartnership私營企業privateenterprise;proprietorship法人legalperson企業法人legalbodyofenterprise企業集團groupofenterprise關聯企業affiliateenterprise個人獨資企業individualbusinessestablishment國有獨資企業solelystate-ownedenterprise中外合資企業Sino-foreignjointventureenterprise中外合作企業Sino-foreigncontractualenterprise社團法人legalbodyofmassorganization財團法人legalbodyoffinancialgroup聯營jointventure法人型聯營associationoflegalpersons合伙型聯營coordinatedmanagementinpartnership協作型聯營cooperation-typecoordinatedmanagement合作社cooperative民事法律行為civillegalact單方民事法律行為unilateralcivillegalact雙方民事法律行為bilateralcivillegalact多方民事法律行為jointactcivillegalact有償民事法律行為civillegalactwithconsideration實踐性民事法律行為practicalcivillegalact要式民事法律行為formalcivillegalact要式民事法律行為informalcivillegalact要因民事法律行為causativecivillegalact主民事法律行為principalcivillegalact從民事法律行為accessorycivillegalact附條件民事法律行為conditionalcivillegalact附期限民事法律行為civillegalactwithterm生前民事法律行為civillegalactbeforedeath死后民事法律行為civillegalactafterdeath準民事法律行為quasi-civillegalact無效行為ineffectiveact可撤銷民事行為revocablecivilact違法行為illegalact;unlawfulact侵權行為tort脅迫duress乘人之危takingadvantageofothers’precariousposition以合法形式掩蓋非法目的legalformconcealingillegalintention惡意串通maliciouscollaboration重大誤解grossmisunderstanding顯失公平obviousunjust誤傳misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人originalagent法定代理人statutoryagent;legalagent委托代理人agentbymandate指定代理人designatedagent復代理人subagent再代理人subagent轉代理人subagent代理權rightofagency授權行為actofauthorization授權委托書powerofattorney代理行為actofagency委托代理agencybymandate本代理originalagency有權代理authorizedagency表見代理apparentagency律師代理agencybylawyer普通代理generalagency全權代理generalagency全權代理委托書generalpowerofattorney共同代理jointagency獨家代理soleagency居間brokerage居間人broker行紀commission;brokerhouse信托trust時效timelimit;prescription;limitation時效中止suspensionofprescription/limitation時效中斷interruptionoflimitation/prescription時效延長extensionoflimitation取得時效acquisitiveprescription時效終止lapseoftime;terminationofprescription期日date涉外民事關系civilrelationswithforeignelements沖突規范ruleofconflict準據法applicablelaw;governinglaw轉致transmission識別identification公共秩序保留reserveofpublicorder法律規避evasionoflaw國籍nationality國有化nationalization法律責任legalliability民事責任civilliability/responsibility行政責任administrativeliability/responsibility刑事責任criminalliability/responsibility違約責任liabilityofbreachofcontract;responsibilityofdefault有限責任limitedliability無限責任unlimitedliability按份責任shared/severalliability連帶責任jointandseveralliability過失責任liabilityfornegligence;negligentliability過錯責任faultliability;liabilityforfault單獨過錯solefault共同過錯jointfault混合過錯mixedfault被害人過錯victim’sfault第三人過錯thirdparty’sfault推定過錯presumptivefault惡意badfaith;malice故意deliberateintention;intention;willfulness過失negligence重大過失grossnegligence疏忽大意的過失carelessandinadvertentnegligence過于自信的過失negligencewithundueassumption損害事實factsofdamage有形損失tangibledamage/loss無形損失intangibledamage/loss財產損失propertydamage/loss人身損失personaldamage/loss精神損失spiritualdamage/loss民事責任承擔方式methodsofbearingcivilliability停止侵害ceasetheinfringingact排除妨礙exclusionofhindrance;removalofobstacle消除危險eliminationofdanger返還財產restitutionofproperty恢復原狀restitution;restitutionoforiginalstate賠償損失compensateforaloss;indemnifyforaloss法律專業詞匯支付違約金paymentofliquidateddamage消除影響eliminateilleffects恢復名譽rehabilitateone’sreputation賠禮道歉extendaformalapology物權realright物權制度realrightsystem一物一權原則theprincipalofOnething,OneRight物property生產資料rawmaterialforproduction生活資料meansoflivelihood;meansofsubsistence流通物athingincommerce限制流通物limitedmerchantablething禁止流通物athingoutofcommerce資產asset固定資產fixedasset流動資產currentasset;floatingasset動產movables;chattel不動產immovable;realestate特定物acertainthing種類物genus;indefinitething可分物divisiblethings不可分物indivisiblethings主物aprincipalthing從物anaccessorything原物originalthing孳息fruits天然孳息naturalfruits法定孳息legalfruits無主物vacantgoods;ownerlessgoods遺失物lostproperty漂流物driftingobject埋藏物hiddenproperty貨幣currency證券securities債券bond物權分類realright自物權rightoffullownership所有權dominium;ownership;title所有權憑證documentoftitle;titleofownership占有權dominiumutile;equitableownership使用權rightofuse;righttouseof收益權righttoearnings;righttoyields處分權rightofdisposing善意占有possessioningoodfaith惡意占有maliciouspossession按份共有severalpossession法律專業詞匯共同共有jointpossession用益物權realrightforusufruct使用權righttouse;rightofuse土地使用權righttotheuseofland林權forestownership采礦權miningownership經營權managerialauthority;powerofmanagement承包經營權righttocontractedmanagement相鄰權neighboringright地上權superficies永佃權righttolandedestategrantedinperpetuitythroughacontract地役權servitude;easement人役權personalservitude擔保物權realrightforsecurity物的擔保securityforthing物的瑕疵擔保warrantyagainstdefectofathing抵押權hypothecation;righttomortgage抵押權的設定creationofrighttomortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押權人mortgagee抵押標的物collateral;estateundermortgage抵押權的效力defectofrighttomortgage抵押權的次序sequenceofrighttomortgage抵押權的拋棄abandonmentofrighttomortgage抵押權的讓與alienationofrighttomortgage抵押權的實現materializationofrighttomortgage抵押物登記registrationofestateundermortgage抵押優先權priorityofmortgage留置權lien一般留置權generallien特別留置權speciallien質權pledge;rightofpledge佃權tenantright債權righttogiveorprocure;claim;creditor’sright債權人creditor債務人debtor相對人counterpart給付give;pay債務debt;liability;obligation債務的償還paymentofdebt債務的償清dischargeofdebt債務的擔保guaranteeofdebt債務的合并consolidationofdebt債務的給付日期debtmaturity債務的免除exemptionofdebt債的分類obligation法律專業詞匯法定之債legalobligation任意之債voluntaryobligation簡單之債simpleobligation選擇之債alternativeobligation主債prime/principalobligation從債accessoryobligation單一之債singleobligation按份之債severalobligation連帶之債jointobligation特定之債certainobligation種類之債indefiniteobligation合同之債contractualobligation侵權行為之債tortobligation損害賠償之債obligationofcompensationforinjury人身損害damagetoperson精神損害moral/mental/spiritualdamage醫藥費hospitaltreatmentexpense醫療費medicalcharge撫恤金pension慰問金consolationmoney產品瑕疵defectofproduct不當得利unjustenrichment無因管理voluntaryservice債的擔保guaranteeofobligation財產擔保propertyguarantee信用擔保creditguarantee讓與擔保alienationguarantee保證guaranty明示保證expressguaranty默示保證impliedguaranty保證人guarantor保證合同contractofguaranty保證金guarantybond;securitydeposit押金deposit預付款advancedpayment定金earnestmoney;deposit違約金liquidateddamages法定違約金liquidateddamagesbylaw約定違約金liquidateddamagesbyagreement債的履行performanceofobligation實際履行原則doctrineofspecificperformance情事變更原則doctrineofchangeofcircumstances不當履行misfeasance清償discharge;satisfaction提存debtor’ssubmissionofthesubjectmatterofobligationtocompetentauthority抵銷setoff法律專業詞匯知識產權intellectualproperty知識產權國際保護internationalprotectionofintellectualproperty國民待遇原則doctrineofnationaltreatment優先權原則arightofprioritydoctrine自動保護原則doctrineofautomaticprotection特許權使用費royalties智力成果intellectualproperty著作權copyright版權copyright著作權人copyrightowner創作creation作品opus;product;work著作人格權rightofpersonalityofcopyright發表權rightofpublication署名權rightofauthorship;rightofpaternity修改權rightofmodification;rightofrevision完整性保持權righttomaintainintegrity不可侵犯權inviolability收回權rightofrecall;rightofretrieval自費出版publishabookattheauthor’sownexpense著作財產權propertyrightinwork使用收益分享權righttoshareusufruct利用權righttomakeuseof獲得報酬權righttogetpayment重播權rightofrebroadcasting錄制權rightoffixation機械復制權rightofmechanicalreproduction著作鄰接權neighboringrightofcopyright剽竊plagiary;plagiarism盜版pirate盜版VCDpiratedVCD偽造forge工業產權industrialproperty專利權patentright優先權日prioritydate申請在先原則priorapplicationrule使用在先priorityofuse新穎性novelty創造性creativity實用性practicability發明創造inventionandcreation實用新型utilitymodel外觀設計design;industrialdesign發明權rightofinvention發現權rightofdiscovery專利申請patentapplication法律專業詞匯專利異議objectiontoapatent專利公告patentgazette專利續展費renewalfeeofpatent專利許可協議patentlicensingagreement技術訣竅know-how專有技術know-how專利證書certificateofpatent專利事務所patentoffice專利代理patentagency中華人民共和國專利局PatentOfficeofthePeople’sRepublicofChina商標權trademarkright商標國際注冊internationalregistrationoftrademark商品商標commoditytrademark服務商標servicetrademark馳名商標reputedtrademark廣告商標advertisementtrademark近似商標similartrademark商標評審委員會tradereviewandappraisalboard商標審查trademarkexamination商標侵權trademarkinfringement商標注冊registeredtrademark商標公告trademarkgazette注冊商標使用許可licensingofregisteredtrademark注冊商標轉讓assignmentofregisteredtrademark商標使用許可協議trademarklicensingagreement商標事務所trademarkoffice商標代理trademarkagency婚姻、家庭、繼承、收養marriage,family,inheritance,adoption婚姻法maritallaw;marriagelaw包辦婚姻arrangedmarriage財產分割partition;dismembermentofproperty重婚bigam