高考英語語法講義：定語從句考點(diǎn)匯總定語從句三部曲

1.找出先行詞；

2.確定先行詞在從句中的成分：主語，賓語，

狀語；

3.選擇正確的關(guān)系詞。

幾個關(guān)系代詞的基本用法

that

that:

可指人或物；可作主語，賓語。指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于whichA

letter

is

written

in

pencil

is

difficult

to

read.

Do

you

know

the

gentleman

who

spoke

just

now?

What

is

the

question

_they

are

talking

about?

Here

is

the

man

__you

want

to

see.

只能用that

不能用which的情況

1.先行詞為不定代詞時(shí)：all,much,everything,anything,nothing,something,none,theone.2.先行詞被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等修飾時(shí)；

theonlybook,just

the

book/theverybook3.先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)；

4.先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時(shí)；

5.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)；

6.先行詞是數(shù)次時(shí)；(two,ten,ahundred)

7.如果有兩個從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免重復(fù)；

8.疑問詞是who或which，關(guān)系代詞宜用that，以避免重復(fù)；

9.主句是Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞；

10.被修飾成分為表語時(shí)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時(shí),該關(guān)系代詞宜用that。

(主語+be+n.

/adj.;

主語+系動詞+adj.)

which

which:

指物；可作主語，賓語，狀語。

1.Thebook—_wasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.

2.Thebook—__Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.

3.Thefactory—hisfatherworksisfarfromhere.

只能用which不能用that的情況：

1.介詞后面只能用which；

Is

this

the

room

in

which

Mr.

White

lives?

2.非限定性定語從句中。

More

and

more

people

are

beginning

to

learn

English,

which

is

becoming

very

popular

in

our

country.

3.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時(shí)；

Here's

the

English

grammar

which,

as

I

have

told

you,

will

help

improve

your

English.

4.

先行詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.

A

shop

should

keep

a

stock

of

those

goods

which

sell

best.

who,

whom,

whose

who:

主格,在從句中作主語，只可指人；whom:

賓格，在從句中作賓語，只可指人；

whose:

屬格，在從句中作定語，可指人也可指物。

（whose=

ofwhich或ofwhom）Ilikethestudentswhoworkhard.

Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.

Chaplin,

for

whom

life

had

once

been

very

hard,

was

a

success

as

an

actor.

Achild

whoseparents(=theparentsofwhom/ofwhomtheparents)aredeadiscalledanorphan.

I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.

Thebook

whosecover

(=thecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecover)isredisthere.只能用who

不能用that

的情況

1.先行詞為anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people時(shí)；

Anyone

who

failed

to

come

to

the

meeting

yesterday

must

give

his

reason

.

He

who

knows

nothing

but

pretends

to

know

everything

is

indeed

a

good-for

–nothing.

2.在非限定性定語從句中；

His

mother,

who

loves

him

very

much,

is

strict

with

him.

3．在herebe開頭的句子中。

Here

is

a

boy

who

wants

to

see

you.When

When指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。其先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞

（如：time,day,week,year,month等）

HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.We

will

put

off

the

picnic

until

next

week,

when

the

weather

would

be

better.

when

=

介詞+which

?

I

still

remember

the

day

when

I

first

came

to

this

school.

(when=

on

which)

?

He

came

at

a

time

when

we

needed

him

most.

(when=

at

which)

?

We

will

never

forget

the

year

1949,

when

the

People's

Republic

of

China

was

founded.

(when=

in

which)

比

較

?

I

still

remember

the

day--

__my

brother

joined

the

army.

?

I

still

remember

the

days

--__wespenttogether.

先行詞是時(shí)間名詞，但在定語從句中做賓語

或主語時(shí)，先行詞不能用when。

Where

Where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。

（如：place,school,factory,room等）

ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.

I

live

in

the

room

where

/in

which

he

used

to

live.

where

=

介詞+which

?

I

recently

went

back

to

the

town

where

I

was

born.

(where

=

in

which)

?

I

would

like

to

live

in

a

country

where

there

is

plenty

of

sunshine.

(where

=

in

which)

比

較

?

The

small

mountain

village

________we

spent

our

holiday

last

month

is

now

very

famous.

?

This

is

the

park

_____________they

visited

last

year.

先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞，但在定語從句中做賓語或主語時(shí)，先行詞不能用where。

Why

?

Why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason時(shí)，可用forwhich指代。

The

reason

why

/

for

which

/

(that)

he

didn't

attend

the

meeting

was

that

he

was

ill.

比較?

I

don’t

believe

the

reason

that/which

he

gave

me.

?Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?

當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，不能用why引導(dǎo)。

先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，關(guān)系詞才可以用when，where和why。

補(bǔ)

充

當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定語從句常用that,inwhich,或how引導(dǎo)，that常可以省略。

Thisisthewaythat

/inwhich

Idosuchthings.Please

do

the

experiment

in

the

way

that/which

I

have

shown

you.

(做賓語)

as

的用法

He

was

a

foreigner,

____

I

knew

from

his

accent.

A.

that

B.

as

C.

where

D.

why

①如為限制性的，多用于thesame…as;thesameas；such…as…;asmany/muchas；so…as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。

I

have

the

same

book

as

you

(have).

Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.

比較：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.

I'm

wearing

the

same

shirt

as

you

wore

yesterday.

②如為非限制性的，多單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，這種定語從句可置于句首、句中或句尾，譯為“正如“。（動詞常為know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）

As

we

all

know,

smoking

is

harmful

to

one's

health

.

Smoking,

as

we

all

know,

is

harmful

to

one'

health.

補(bǔ)

充

無論是關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞，都在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，因此，先行詞在定語從句中不復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

This

is

the

book

that

I

borrowed

it

yesterday【誤】.

The

English

Corner

is

the

place

where

people

often

go

there

to

practice

their

spoken

English【誤】.

關(guān)系詞的省略

在下列情況下，關(guān)系詞在非正式文體中可以省略:

1.關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom在定語從句中做賓語時(shí)，常可省略。

Arethesekeys(thatwhich)youwerelookingfor？

The

man

(who/that)

I

was

sitting

next

to

on

the

plane

talked

all

the

time.

2．以theway為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由inwhich或that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。

Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)shewalks.

The

way

(that

/in

which)

he

answered

the

questions

was

surprising.

3．在thetimewhen,theplacewhere,thereasonwhy結(jié)構(gòu)中，when,where,why可省略。

Ishallneverforgettheday(when)wefirstmet.

That's

the

place

(where)

he

stayed

when

he

was

in

the

country.

一些重要用法All(that)=All=what,例如

Allthat

(=What/All)canbedonehasbeendone.whatever

whoever

whomever

whenever,whichever,whereverYoucanchoose

whatever

【=anything(that)youlike】youlike.Whoever(=Anypersonwho)wantstomaygo.Youmaychoose

whomever[【anyperson(that)】youlike.Youcancome

whenever

youarefree.

Youmaygowhereveryouwanttogo.

Youmaychoosewhicheveryoulike.Thebook

that/which

iswritteninEnglishisthere.

The

man

that/who

ispopularisthere(先行詞做主語，不省略)Thebook

(that/which)

helikesisthere.

The

man

(that/who/whom)

helikesisthere(先行詞做賓語，可省略)

Thebookaboutwhichheistalking=

Thebook（which）heistalkingaboutisthere.The

manaboutwhomheistalkingisthere=The

man（whom）heistalkingaboutisthere(先行詞做賓