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初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及操練
初三英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一學(xué)業(yè)考試中的第五大題是通過(guò)多項(xiàng)選擇,來(lái)考核學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)各個(gè)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)所掌握的情況和程度。學(xué)生在分析、判斷所選詞語(yǔ)的正誤時(shí),不但要從語(yǔ)法角度去考慮,而且要從整句邏輯、習(xí)慣說(shuō)法、詞語(yǔ)不重復(fù)、用語(yǔ)須禮貌等各個(gè)方面去審視。這樣,才能避免往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失誤。
這一大題需要注意的是:在掌握英語(yǔ)各個(gè)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)的一般規(guī)律之外,還需要注意英語(yǔ)各個(gè)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)的特殊規(guī)律。在英語(yǔ)中,有許多語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)與詞語(yǔ)搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不相同的,因此,不能像數(shù)學(xué)公式那樣去生搬硬套。對(duì)于某些有特殊規(guī)律的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn),學(xué)生一定要在平時(shí)加強(qiáng)注意和不斷積累,在這方面是沒(méi)有捷徑可行的。此外,在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)還要防止只重語(yǔ)感、不諳其意的片面傾向。一.
冠詞:
冠詞用在名詞的前面,有定冠詞“the”與不定冠詞“a;an”之分。定冠詞表示“確指”,譯作“這(那)個(gè)”;不定冠詞表示“泛指”,譯作“一個(gè)”。例題解析:()
_____
lady
over
there
is
_____
university
teacher.A)
A,
theB)
The,
anC)
The,
aD)
The,
the
“over
there”意為“那邊的”,是后置定語(yǔ),它表示前面名詞“l(fā)ady”(女士)是“確指”的說(shuō)法,因此要加上定冠詞“the”。后半句意為“一位大學(xué)教師”,是泛指的說(shuō)法,因此要加上不定冠詞“a”或“an”。由于“university”的讀音起始于輔音“j”,因此要加定冠詞“a”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()
He
prefers
playing
_____
piano
to
playing
_____
hockey.A)
the,
theB)
the,
/C)
/
,
/D)
/
,
the
“piano”意為“鋼琴”,屬于樂(lè)器,要求前面加定冠詞“the”。后半句中“hockey”意為“曲棍球”,屬于球類(lèi)活動(dòng),要求不加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。()
Mr.
Black
was
made
_____
manager
of
our
company.A)
/B)
aC)
anD)
the“manager”表示被選的職位,前面不應(yīng)加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。
此外,冠詞還有許多特殊的用法:
1.
由普通名詞組成的專(zhuān)有名詞前,要加定冠詞,如:the
Great
Wall(長(zhǎng)城)
2.
在拼音名詞前,一般不加任何冠詞,如:Thomas
Green;Changfeng
Park
3.
在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名詞,也要加定冠詞“the”,如:
the
DongtingLake
4.
一般用“單數(shù)名詞加‘a(chǎn)’;復(fù)數(shù)名詞不加‘the’”來(lái)表示“泛指”的意思。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choose
the
best
answer
(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?/p>
A、B、C或
D
表示,填入空格內(nèi)):()
1.There
is
_____
“u”
in
_____
word
“uniform.”.A)
an,
aB)
an,
theC)
a,
aD)
a,
the()
2.
_____
sign
here
stands
for
_____
mistake.A)
A,
aB)
A,
theC)
The,
aD)
The,
the()
3.We
made
Joyce
_____
monitor
____
her
experience.A)
a,
becauseB)
the,
becauseC)
/
,
because
ofD)
the
,
because
of()
4.Two
months
ago
Mr.
Green
wrote
____
article
on
Shanghai
International
ArtFestival.A)
theB)
anC)
aD)
/()
5.
Q:Is
Mr.
White
_____
teacher
of
your
school?A:
Yes.
_____
teacher
is
fromAustralia.A)
a,AB)
a,
TheC)
the,
TheD)
the,
A()
6.
Paul
is
_____
European
student.
He
likes
to
study
_____
history
of
China.A)
a,
theB)
a,
/C)
an,
theD)
an,
/()
7.This
is
_____
honey.
As
we
all
know,
_____
honey
is
sweet.A)
/
,
theB)
/
,
/C)
the,
/D)
the,
the()
8.They
didn't
catch
the
last
train
because
of
_____.A)
some
heavy
trafficsC)
heavy
trafficB)
any
heavy
trafficD)
a
heavy
traffic()
9.
It
won't
take
long,
it's
only
_____
walk.A)
ten-minutesB)
ten
minutes'C)
ten
minutesD)
ten-minute's二.名詞:
名詞表示人或物體的名稱(chēng),有普通名詞(park)、專(zhuān)有名詞(Peter;Party)、集合名詞(family,
class,
police)、縮寫(xiě)名詞(SARS,
CEO,
WTO)??等。總體上說(shuō),它們可以分成兩大類(lèi);即可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。要注意它們?cè)诰渲械牟煌蠛妥兓@}解析:()
His
grandfather
is
_____.A)
Robert
BobB)
Tom
BlackC)
Kate
WhiteD)
Black
Green
英語(yǔ)中,人的姓名排列是倒過(guò)來(lái)的;先是名,即“first
name”,后為姓,即“secondname”,也可叫做“family
name”或“surname”。做這類(lèi)題目,必須先搞清楚哪個(gè)單詞是表示名字,哪個(gè)單詞是表示姓氏,名字還要分清男女性別。這道題中說(shuō)的是“爺爺”,是男名,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。()
_____
are
playing
tennis
in
the
playground.A)
The
BrownsB)
The
Brown'sC)
BrownsD)
Brown's
英語(yǔ)中,姓氏前加定冠詞“the”,后面加“s”,有“一家人”之意。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。()
Be
careful.
There
is
a
_____
hole
in
the
ground.A)
two-foot-deepB)
two-feet-deepC)
two-foot
deepD)
two-feet
deep
這道題目考的是復(fù)合形容詞。在復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式,在整個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞中的各個(gè)單詞都要用短橫“–”來(lái)連接。由于它被看作為一個(gè)普通的形容詞,因此,在可數(shù)名詞前還要再加上冠詞。此句中,“一個(gè)兩英尺深的洞”應(yīng)譯為“a
two-foot-deep
hole”,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。()
He’s
got
bad
toothache.
He’d
better
go
to
_____.A)
dentistB)
the
dentistC)
the
dentist’sD)
see
the
dentists
“去看牙科醫(yī)生”可譯為“go
to
see
the
dentist”或“go
to
the
dentist’s”。后一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)中的“the
dentist’s”表示“the
dentist’s
clinic”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()
The
_____
teachers
wondered
if
the
_____
students
were
in
trouble.A)
woman,
boyB)
woman,
boysC)
women,
boyD)
women,
boys
英語(yǔ)中,“女教師們”應(yīng)該譯為“women
teachers”,而“男學(xué)生們”
應(yīng)該譯為“boy
students”。
所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()
_____
came
that
Houston
Rocket
won
again
and
Yao
Ming
got
the
most
scores.A)
A
newsB)
MessageC)
WordD)
Words“
“
“據(jù)說(shuō)”在英語(yǔ)中有多種說(shuō)法:It
was
said
that”、Word
came
that”、News
camethat”、“A
message
came
that”??等。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()
All
of
a
sudden,
something
on
the
ground
caught
_____.A)
his
eyeB)
his
eyesC)
his
own
eyesD)
eyes
of
his
own“
“catchone’s
eye”是固定詞組,意為“引起某人注意”;即“be
noticed
bysb.”。此句中,“eye”是“視線(xiàn)”之意,由“eyesight”演變而來(lái)。隨著語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展,一些詞語(yǔ)會(huì)產(chǎn)生演變,大致上都是朝“簡(jiǎn)單化”方向發(fā)展,如:countryside”→“country”、“mankind”→“man”、“campsite”→“camp”、
in
the
daytime”→“inthe
day”??等。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。()
The
lady
with
long
_____
found
her
husband
had
already
got
three
gray
_____.A)
hair,
hairB)
hair,
hairsC)
hairs,
hairD)
hairs,
hair(
要掌握英語(yǔ)中哪些是可數(shù)名詞,哪些是不可數(shù)名詞。但是有些名詞具有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)兩種性質(zhì),要靠具體說(shuō)法來(lái)判別。如這道題中的“hair”
頭發(fā))就是這類(lèi)詞。前半句說(shuō)的是“一頭長(zhǎng)發(fā)”,是不可數(shù)名詞;后半句說(shuō)的是“三根白發(fā)”,是可數(shù)名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choose
the
best
answer
(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?/p>
A、B、C或
D
表示,填入空格內(nèi)):()
1.
He
has
got
_____
to
tell
you.A)
a
good
newsB)
some
newsC)
a
lot
newsD)
many
news()
2.
It’s
seven
o’clock.
_____
are
sitting
at
table.A)
Mr.
GreensB)
The
Green'sC)
The
GreensD)
Greens()
3.Your
brother
is
the
same
______
mine.A)
old
asB)
age
asC)
old
likeD)
age
like()
4.
Our
bodies
need
food
to
give
us
______.A)
healthB)
strongC)
energyD)
taste()
5.Alemon
is
the
same
______
as
a
banana.A)
yellowB)
colourC)
freshD)
sweet()
6.What
kind
of
______
do
you
like
best?A)
watermelonB)
the
watermelonC)
a
watermelonD)watermelons()
7.
Look
at
this
magazine.
Let’s
do
the
______
about
eating
habits.A)
quizB)
listC)
cookingD)
dinner三.代詞:
代詞是名詞的代用詞,有指示代詞(this,
those)、人稱(chēng)代詞主賓格(I,
me)、形容詞性物主代詞(my)、名詞性物主代詞(mine)、反身代詞(myself)、不定代詞(either,
others,anything,
nobody)。其中,不定代詞的變化最復(fù)雜。在不同的句子中,它們的變化和要求都不一樣,這一點(diǎn)我們一定要有充分的認(rèn)識(shí),不能掉以輕心。例題解析:()
Would
you
please
give
_____?A)
him
itB)
it
himC)
to
him
itD)
it
to
him
英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)(人)與間接賓語(yǔ)(物)都用人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí),一定要先講間接賓語(yǔ)(物)后講直接賓語(yǔ)(人),而且要在直接賓語(yǔ)(人)前加上介詞“to”。
所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()
She
always
thinks
of
_____
more
than
_____.A)
others,
herB)
the
others,
sheC)
others,
herselfD)
the
others,
herself
在英語(yǔ)中,“別人”屬于“泛指”,應(yīng)譯為“others”。后半句是介詞“of”的賓語(yǔ)。由于這里的“她”與主語(yǔ)的“她”是屬于同一個(gè)人,因此不能用人稱(chēng)代詞賓格作賓語(yǔ),要用反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()
Some
people
like
watching
the
sports
news,
_____
prefer
TV
series.A)
the
othersB)
the
otherC)
othersD)
another
在英語(yǔ)中,“一些??,另一些??”有兩種譯法:“Some
…,
the
others
…”是屬于“非此即彼”的兩部分情況,而“Some
…,
others
…”是指有第三部分的情況存在。本題意為“一部分人喜歡看體育消息,而另一部分人比較欣賞電視劇”,顯然還有其他人喜歡其他的內(nèi)容,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()
The
light
in
the
room
was
too
poor
for
_____
to
see
it
clearly.A)
everyoneB)
someoneC)
anyoneD)
none
英語(yǔ)中,“too
…
to”意為“太??而不能”,具有否定的含義。因此,“for
sb.”中應(yīng)該選運(yùn)用在否定句中的“anyone”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()
_____
the
fuel
here
is
from
foreign
countries,
so
we
must
make
full
use
of
it.A)
SomeB)
MuchC)
The
most
ofD)
Most
of“
((
(
帶有定冠詞“the”的名詞前,應(yīng)該用代詞詞組:
some
of”
意為“其中一些”)、“muchof”
意為“其中許多”)、
most
of”
意為“其中大多數(shù)”)??等。
the
moseof”(意為“其中最多的”)在本句中的譯法欠妥,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()
Can
you
call
on
my
mother
on
Saturday
or
Sunday?I’m
afraid
_____
day
ispossibleA)
eitherB)
eachC)
bothD)
neither
在英語(yǔ)中,有“兩者”和“三者以上”的不同詞語(yǔ)說(shuō)法:
both”意為“兩者都”、“all”意為“三者以上都”、“neither”意為“兩者都不”、“none”或“no
one”意為“三者以上都不”、either”意為“兩者之一”、one”意為“三者以上之一”、between”意為“兩者之間”、“among”意為“三者以上之間”。根據(jù)本題句意,答句應(yīng)該是說(shuō)“我恐怕沒(méi)有一天能行”,
所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()
There
are
three
bathrooms
in
the
house.
One
is
upstairs,
_____
two
are
downstairs.A)
otherB)
the
otherC)
othersD)
the
others
在英語(yǔ)中,“另兩個(gè)”的譯法有多種:“the
other
two”、“the
others”、“the
rest”。由于本句中講到三間浴室,“另兩間”的說(shuō)法應(yīng)該是“確指”的,因此,必須有定冠詞“the”。又由于后句已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了“two”,因此這里要選作形容詞用的“other”。
所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。()
The
dishes
on
Table
One
are
much
fewer
than
_____
on
Table
Two.A)
thatB)
thoseC)
dishesD)
/(
要注意所比較的兩個(gè)對(duì)象具有對(duì)稱(chēng)性:這句是“the
dishes
onTable
One”(一桌上的菜)和“the
dishes
on
Table
Two”
二桌上的菜)作比較,因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略。“that”與“those”是比較級(jí)句中的專(zhuān)用代詞。由于該句中所比較的對(duì)象是復(fù)數(shù),因此,要用“those”來(lái)代替前面的名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。()
There
are
more
people
in
this
room
than
_____
in
that
one.A)
thatB)
thoseC)
peopleD)
/
要注意在“There
is
…”或“There
are
…”的比較級(jí)句型中,習(xí)慣上不用上題所講到的專(zhuān)用代詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choose
the
best
answer
(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?/p>
A、B、C或
D
表示,填入空格內(nèi)):()
1.
Show
your
watch
______
me.
______
is
slow.A)
to,
MineB)
to,
MyC)
for,
MineD)
for,
My()
2.
______
do
you
like
______,
the
summer
holidays
or
the
winter
holidays?A)
What,
betterB)
What,
bestC)
Which,
betterD)
Which,
best()
3.
She
wrote
a
letter
and
enclosed
a
photo
of
_____
taken
in
her
housing
estate.A)
herselfB)
herC)
her’sD)
myself()
4.
She
told
Jack,
Tom
and
me
to
_____
among
_____.A)
talk
it
over,
usC)
talk
it
over,
ourselvesB)
talk
over
it,
usD)
talk
over
it,
ourselves()
5.
I’ll
do
it
by
myself.
I
won’t
need
_____
help.A)
anyone’s
elseB)
anyone
else’sC)
anyone
others’
D)
other
anyone’s()
6.
I
heard
_____
until
my
friend
told
me
about
it.A)
everythingB)
somethingC)
nothingD)
anything()
7.Would
you
like
_____
more
bread,
Jack?A)
anyB)
anotherC)
littleD)
a
little()
8.
Only
one
student
got
the
right
answer.
But
_____
didn’t.A)
the
otherB)
anotherC)
othersD)
the
rest()
9.
He
doesn't
think
_____
of
them
will
go
there
with
you.A)
noneB)
someC)
manyD)
much()10.
The
film
is
dull
and
_____
people
like
it.A)
a
fewB)
fewC)
a
littleD)
little()11.
Have
you
all
_____?A)
got
ready
everythingC)
got
everything
readyB)
got
everything
ready
forD)
got
ready
for
everything()12.
Help
_____
to
some
sweets,
everyone.A)
yourselvesB)
your
ownC)
yourselfD)byyourself()13.
He
has
six
uncles.
Five
of
them
are
doctors
and
_____
is
a
driver.A)
anotherB)
the
sixthC)
otherD)
the
other()14.
Believe
or
not,
I
did
it
all
by
_______.A)
meB)
usC)
myselfD)
ourselves()15.
A:
Are
these
two
books
yours
?B:
No,_____
of
them
is
mine.A)
eitherB)
noneC)
bothD)
neither()16.
Neither
of
the
twins
_____
the
toy
train.A)
likeB)
likesC)
is
likeD)
are
like四.數(shù)詞:
數(shù)詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞之分:基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量概念;序數(shù)詞表示順序概念。首先要注意一些數(shù)詞在寫(xiě)法上的變化,如:forty;ninth;twentieth更要注意它們?cè)诰渥又械牟煌梅ê妥兓@}解析:()
About
_____
students
went
to
the
picture
show
that
day.A)
hundreds
ofB)
two
hundredsC)
two
hundred
of
D)
two
hundred
“about”意為“大約”,是指具體數(shù)量,因此,不能用表示不定數(shù)量的詞語(yǔ)“hundreds
of”(意為“成百個(gè)”)。在表示確定數(shù)量時(shí),英語(yǔ)中的“hundred”不加“s”,即不變復(fù)數(shù)。再由于“students”前沒(méi)有定冠詞“the”,不是“其中”之意,因此,也不能加介詞“of”。
所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()
_____
of
_____
Class
Four
students
have
joined
the
singing
group.A)
Three-fifths,
theB)
Three-fifth,
the
C)
Three-fifths,
/
D)“Three-fifth,
/
英語(yǔ)中,
幾分之幾”的表達(dá)方式是分子用基數(shù)詞、分母用序數(shù)詞,中間用短橫“–”連接。當(dāng)分子大于“一”時(shí),分母序數(shù)詞要加“s”。再由于本題句中數(shù)量用的是“of”詞組,即意為“其中的五分之三”,因此后面的名詞“students”必定是“確指”的,要加定冠詞“the”。
所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。在這里要特別注意的是:不要看到“students”前有修飾詞“Class
Four”就不敢加定冠詞“the”,要懂得這里的“the”是修飾“students”的。同樣,“the
English
language”詞語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式也類(lèi)似于此種情況。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choose
the
best
answer
(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?/p>
A、B、C或
D
表示,填入空格內(nèi)):()
1.John
has
twelve
coins
and
Joan
has
_____
ones,
three
times
as
many
as
John.A)
thirteenB)
fifteenC)
thirty-sixD)
forty-eight()
2.The
post
code
used
in
our
neighbourhood
is
_____.A)
56348574B)
200333C)
a
quarterD)
a
dozen()
3.Today
is
her
brother’s
birthday.
_____
is
on
_____.B)
She,
May
fifthC)
Hers,
May
fifth
D)
A)
She,
fifth
of
MayHers,
May
the
fifth()
4.
_____
of
the
students
go
to
school
by
bike.A)
Two-threeB)
Two-thirdsC)
Two-threesD)Two-third()
5.There
are
about
_____
seats
in
the
hall.A)
two
hundredsB)
two
hundredC)
hundreds
ofD)twohundred
of()
6.A:
How
often
should
we
publish
the
paper?B:
_____.A)
In
one
week’s
timeB)
Once
a
monthC)After
two
weeksD)For
half
a
month()
7.About
_____
the
students
went
to
the
Science
Museum
last
Thursday.A)
hundreds
ofB)
two
hundredC)
two
hundred
ofD)
two
hundreds五.介詞:
介詞是一種虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)使用,后面要跟名詞、人稱(chēng)代詞賓格或動(dòng)名詞。同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,搭配不同的介詞,可以衍變出各種不同含義的詞組來(lái),而且在不同場(chǎng)合所用介詞也各不相同。因此,介詞的用法是比較復(fù)雜的,要求我們?nèi)ブ饌€(gè)記住。只有在看懂、理解整個(gè)句意的前提下,才能選對(duì)正確的介詞。例題解析:()
Mr.
Brown
flew
to
Washington
_____
the
night
before
last.A)
inB)
onC)
atD)
/
在表達(dá)某一天的具體時(shí)間時(shí),應(yīng)該用介詞“on”。但是本句是表達(dá)“在前天的夜里”,與“在前天”(the
day
before
yesterday)相仿,前面不該用任何介詞,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()
The
school
gate
is
______
the
north
of
the
classroom
building.A)
inB)
toC)
on
D)
at
在英語(yǔ)中,表達(dá)“東、南、西、北”的方位介詞常見(jiàn)有三個(gè):表示在方位區(qū)域的內(nèi)部時(shí),用介詞“in”。如:The
playground
is
in
the
southof
the
school.(操場(chǎng)在學(xué)校的南面。)表示在與方位區(qū)域連壤的外部時(shí),應(yīng)該用介詞“on”。如:Room203
ison
the
west
of
Room
205.(203
室在
205
室的西面。)表示在與方位區(qū)域不連壤的外部時(shí),應(yīng)該用介詞“to”。如:Shanghai
is
to
the
east
ofNanjing.(上海在南京的東面。)本題的“校門(mén)”在“教學(xué)大樓”的北面,應(yīng)該用介詞“to”,所以答案應(yīng)該選“B”。()
You’ll
get
one
thousand
dollars
_____.A)
after
allB)
at
allC)
in
allD)
all
together
“after
all”意為“到底”、“畢竟”、“終于”;“at
all”通常與“not”連用,意為“完全不”、“一點(diǎn)也不”;“in
all”通常用于數(shù)量詞后面,意為“總共”,同義詞是“altogether”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()
This
bus
can
run
_____
70
miles
an
hour.A)
forB)
withC)
atD)
in
在表示“速度”、“溫度”、“價(jià)格”意思時(shí),應(yīng)該用介詞“at”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()
It’s
said
he
stayed
there
quietly
_____
two
o’clock
that
afternoon.A)
onB)
atC)
untilD)
by
“at
two
o’clock
that
afternoon”意為“在昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘”,時(shí)態(tài)通常用“過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)”;“by
two
o’clock
that
afternoon”意為“在昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘前”,
時(shí)態(tài)通常用“過(guò)去完成時(shí)”;“until
two
o’clock
that
afternoon”意為“直到昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘”,時(shí)態(tài)通常用“一般過(guò)去時(shí)”。本句中“stay”是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞,因此可用“until”句型;如果句中謂語(yǔ)是瞬間動(dòng)詞的話(huà),就應(yīng)該用“not
…until”句型了。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()
Tom
didn’t
attend
the
lecture
yesterday
evening
_____
his
illness.A)
asB)
forC)
becauseD)because
of“
在本句中,
因?yàn)樯 笔且粋€(gè)詞語(yǔ),而不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句,因此,不能選連詞“as”、“for”或“because”來(lái)連接,而要用介詞詞組“because
of”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()
Now
it’s
quite
important
_____
us
to
make
full
use
of
time.A)
forB)
toC)
ofD)
with(“
“It’s
important
to
sb.”
意為“它對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)很重要”)是詞語(yǔ)搭配,
It’s
…
forsb.
to
do
…”(意為“做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是怎樣的”)是句型。當(dāng)兩者交叉、重疊使用時(shí),詞語(yǔ)要讓位于句型。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。同樣,I
like
it
so
much
that
…”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”,也屬于這種類(lèi)型的表達(dá)方式。()
It’s
nice
_____
you
to
get
the
ticket
_____
F1.
It’s
said
the
car-race
is
very
exciting.A)
of,
forB)
for,
forC)
of,
ofD)
for,
of
這句是“It’s
…
of
sb.
to
do”句型,意為“某人真是怎么樣,做了某事”。后半句中“ticket
for”是固定詞語(yǔ),意為“什么內(nèi)容的票子”。
所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choose
the
best
answer
(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?/p>
A、B、C或
D
表示,填入空格內(nèi)):()
1.You
can
draw
it
______
paints
and
brushes.A)
byB)
withC)
inD)
use()
2.What
did
you
have
______
breakfast?A)
asB)
withC)
aboutD)
for()
3.The
police
_____
helping
to
make
our
city
a
safe
place
to
live
and
work
_____.A)
is,
inB)
are,
inC)
is,
/D)
are,
/()
4.
I’ve
got
three
question
_____
you
to
think
about.A)
ofB)
forC)
giveD)
to
show()
5.We
can
ask
people
_____
the
Festival
to
do
the
quiz.A)
inB)
onC)
atD)
for()
6.What
happens
when
we
put
some
sugar
_____
a
glass
of
warm
water?A)
onB)
offC)
outD)
into()
7.
_____
they
arrived
at
the
village
after
all.A)
At
the
endB)
In
the
endC)
LastD)
Attentively()
8.The
class
teacher
was
sent
_____
Christmas
cards
_____
some
of
the
students.A)
to,
byB)
/
,
byC)
to,
fromD)
/
,
to()
9.
Q:What
is
that
film
_____?A:
It’s
a
science
film.A)
likeB)
aboutC)
onD)
for()10.
Why
not
ask
your
friend
_____
some
advice
if
you’re
really
in
trouble?A)
offerB)
to
giveC)
toD)
for()11.
The
beautiful
house
is
_____
sale.
But
it
won’t
be
_____
sale.A)
on,
forB)
for,
onC)
with,
forD)
with,
on()12.
The
weather
here
was
_____
cold
last
week.A)
a
kindB)
a
kind
ofC)
kind
ofD)
kinds
of()13.
The
singing
group
is
made
_____
four
handsome
lads.A)
ofB)
fromC)
up
ofD)
up
from()14.
Something
_____
wrong
_____
my
watch,
I'm
afraid.A)
is,
withB)
is,
inC)
are,
withD)
are,
in()15.
There
_____
a
man
and
two
women
_____
the
picture.A)
is,
onB)
are,
inC)
are,
onD)
is,
in()16.
Mary
doesn’t
know
what
lies
ahead.
_____
,
she’s
only
12.A)
At
allB)
In
allC)
After
allD)
For
all()17.
Should
we
_____
the
postage
_____
the
parcel
by
ourselves?A)
pay,
onB)
pay,
ofC)
pay
for,
onD)
pay
for,
of()18.
Alice
_____
her
service
to
the
public.A)
was
awarded
the
prize
forC)
was
proud
forB)
was
deserved
to
get
the
prize
forD)
was
pleased
for六.動(dòng)詞:
動(dòng)詞八種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和幾種變化形式
八種時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(經(jīng)常,反復(fù),愛(ài)好,特點(diǎn),條件,真理)done
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
(過(guò)去發(fā)生的事,不強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)done
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
(將要發(fā)生的事)done
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事)
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
do;
does
did;
-ed
will
doam;is;are
doing
被動(dòng)am;is;arewas;were
will
beam;is;arebeing
donewas;were
doing
have;has
done
had
done
would
dowas;were
have;hashad
been
would
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
(當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事)being
done
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
(過(guò)去發(fā)生的事,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)been
done
過(guò)去完成時(shí)
(過(guò)去完成的事;過(guò)去以前發(fā)生的事)done
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
(過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的事)be
done**************不定式:do;
not
do;
to
do;
not
to
do命令式:
do;
don't
do動(dòng)名詞:
doing過(guò)去分詞:
現(xiàn)在分詞:
doing
done例題解析:()
Look.
Mary
_____
a
nice
dog.
She
_____
it
just
now.
A)
has
drawn,
drewB)
drew,
has
drawn
C)
is
drawing,
drewD)
is
drawing,
has
drawn
在“Look”、“It’s
evening”、“Where
is
sb.
…?”等句子后面,可能要用“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”,也有可能要用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”。反正,要根據(jù)具體情況來(lái)具體分析,考慮問(wèn)題一定要從整體情況著眼。本題后半句“just
now”意為“剛才”,很明顯要用“一般過(guò)去時(shí)”,因此前句如用“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”就不妥,造成句意邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤。前句用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。()
This
kind
of
fridge
_____
very
well.A)
sellB)
sellsC)
are
soldD)
is
sold
在英語(yǔ)中,表達(dá)某物銷(xiāo)路不錯(cuò),要用表示“特點(diǎn)”的“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”形式,而不能用“被賣(mài)”這種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式來(lái)表示。由于本句主語(yǔ)“this
kind
of
fridge”是單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng),所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。()
What
_____
Mr.
Smith?
He
looks
worried
so
much.A)
happens
withB)
happens
toC)
happened
withD)
happened
to
在英語(yǔ)中,“發(fā)生”通常可譯為“happened”或“took
place”,要注意它不能變“被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)”。本題之意是“史密斯先生發(fā)生了什么事?他顯得很焦慮。”因此,
發(fā)生”不能用表示經(jīng)常行為的“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”形式,應(yīng)該用“一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的“happenedto
sb.”固定詞組來(lái)表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()
Mary:
Shall
I
tell
Michael
about
the
news?
Jack:
No,you
__________.
He’s
already
known
it.A)
can’tB)mustn’tC)
needn’tD)
don’t
本題是考核情態(tài)動(dòng)詞句型的正確回答。在“Must
I
do
…?”、“Shall
I
do
…?”、“Would
you
like
me
to
do
…?”問(wèn)句后面都可以用“No,
you
needn’t.”(不必要)來(lái)回答。本題根據(jù)后句的句意應(yīng)該選此回答為妥。所以答案應(yīng)該選“C”。在“MayI
…?”問(wèn)句后面,通常有以下幾種否定回答:1.
No,
you
mustn’t.
2.No,
you
may
not.
3.
Sorry,you
can’t.
4.I’m
afraid
you
can’t.
5.
No,you
can’t.()
_____
clothes
are
usually
_____
near
a
fire
in
winter.A)
Washed,
hungB)
Washed,
hanged
C)
Washing,
hungD)
Washing,
hanged
“washed”意為“被洗過(guò)的”,可以修飾“衣服”;
washing”意為“正在洗的”,它該修飾人、不該修飾“衣服”。后句意為“被掛在火爐旁”,該用過(guò)去分詞“hung”才對(duì)。“hanged”也是“hang”的過(guò)去分詞,但是它的意思是“被絞死”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。()
The
book
_____
by
me.
I
_____
it
to
a
friend
of
mine.A)
is
written,
sentC)
was
written,
sentB)
is
written,
have
sent
D)
was
written,
have
sent
“書(shū)是被某人寫(xiě)的”、“書(shū)是在某地方被寫(xiě)的”都是表示發(fā)生在以前的動(dòng)作,該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如過(guò)說(shuō)“書(shū)是被用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的”,那就是指書(shū)的特點(diǎn)了,就該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)了。后半句意為“我把它寄給朋友了”是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在書(shū)不在我這里。不是強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去寄的,不該用一般過(guò)去時(shí),而該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。這種類(lèi)型的時(shí)態(tài),學(xué)生最容易錯(cuò),千萬(wàn)要注意。英語(yǔ)中有許多動(dòng)作是以前發(fā)生的、但沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。()
Mr.
Jackson
_____
the
city
quite
well
since
he
_____
in
the
city
for
a
couple
ofyears.A)
knows,
wasB)
has
known,
was
C)
knows,
has
been
D)
has
known,
has
been“
本句中的“since”不是“自從”之意,因此,前半句與后半句用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”和“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”的形式做是錯(cuò)誤的。本句中的“since”意為“由于”,與“as”近義。根據(jù)句意,“熟悉城市”是表示杰克遜先生的“特點(diǎn)”,要用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表達(dá);
他來(lái)到這個(gè)城市有兩、三年了”是表示到現(xiàn)在為止的結(jié)果情況,要用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。()
Could
you
tell
me
_____?A)
how
to
do
itB)
why
do
itC)
how
to
doD)
what
to
do
it“
由于“do”通常用作及物動(dòng)詞,因此要注意它有否賓語(yǔ)。要避免“C”的沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)和“D”的重疊賓語(yǔ)的錯(cuò)誤。“B”是不定式遺漏了“to”,所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。關(guān)于“do”的這種特點(diǎn)很重要,為了熟記它,可以背一句口訣:
how
to
do
it,what
to
do”。()
English
is
his
favourite
subject.
He
can
_____
it
very
fluently.A)
sayB)
talkC)
speakD)
tell“
“
由于后句“it”指的是“English”,因此要用動(dòng)詞“speak”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。“talk”是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面不跟賓語(yǔ)。“speak”既可作不及物動(dòng)詞用,也可作及物動(dòng)詞,賓語(yǔ)只能是語(yǔ)言。tell”的賓語(yǔ)有限;有“a
story”、
the
difference”、“the
truth”、“a
lie”、“the
time”等。“say”可跟的賓語(yǔ)最多,不再一一例舉。由此句我們得到啟示;即我們?cè)谧隽?xí)題時(shí)不要被單詞的表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑,一定要看清楚它的內(nèi)涵,即注意到它的真正含義是什么。再舉兩個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明注意內(nèi)涵的重要性:例1.Arecorder
is
used
to
learn
English
inour
class.
例2.
His
spokenEnglish
is
poor.
Heonly
speaks
a
word
of
it.()
Mr.
Black
is
the
manager
of
this
company.
He
_____
this
company.“
1.
A)
takes
charge
of
B)
is
responsible
to
C)
is
in
the
charge
of
D)
has
the
duty
from
在英語(yǔ)中,他負(fù)責(zé)這家公司”有多種說(shuō)法,如:
He
isinchargeof
this
company.2.
His
job
istobeinchargeof
this
company.
3.
This
company
isinthechargeof
him.
4.He
isresponsiblefor
this
company.
5.
He
hasthedutyof
this
company.
6.
He
takeschargeof
this
company.
在這里要注意動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系,不要記錯(cuò)了。本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。()10.
Please
_____
the
city
map
before
you
go
sightseeing.A)
look
atB)
have
a
lookC)
watchD)
read“
“
在英語(yǔ)中,
看”在不同場(chǎng)合有不同的譯法。
look
at”意為“粗略地看”;
havea
look”意為“看一下”,其后不能跟賓語(yǔ);“watch”意為“注視、仔細(xì)地看”,雖然可以跟“地圖”搭配,但是,它只是表示一種“看”的狀態(tài),沒(méi)有“查看路線(xiàn)”之意。“看書(shū)”、“看地圖”都要用動(dòng)詞“read”,意為“閱讀”、“查看”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choose
the
best
answer
(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?/p>
A、B、C或
D
表示,填入空格內(nèi)):()
1.They
_____
any
food.
They’ve
got
plenty
of
_____
for
the
picnic.A)
needn’t,
itB)
needn’t,
themC)
don’t
need,
itD)
don’t
need,
them()
2.
His
favourite
_____
is
_____
a
taxi
driver.A)
job,
to
beB)
job,
/C)
work,
to
beD)
work,
/()
3.Why
does
_____
like
_____
this
uniform?A)
he
not,
wearingB)
not
he,
wearing
C)
he
not,
wearD)
not
he,
wear()
4.You
can
not
only
learn
_____
make
the
delicious
drink,
you
can
also
_____
it.A)
to
,
eatB)
to,
eatC)
how
to,
enjoyD)
how
to,
enjoy()
5.
Have
you
all
_____
your
pens
yet?A)
preparedB)
prepared
forC)
preparationD)preparationfor()
6.
Danny
practises
_____
twice
_____
week.A)
to
swim,
aB)
to
swim,
every
C)
swimming,
aD)
swimming,
every()
7.You
must
_____
to
catch
fish
here
near
the
pond.A)
not
tryB)
try
notC)
not
to
tryD)
to
try
not()
8.When
we
_____
on
the
air-conditioner
in
summer,
we
feel
more
comfortable.A)
sitB)
putC)
turnD)
open()
9.Would
you
mind
_____
the
window
?A)
my
closingB)
my
closeC)
to
closeD)
for
close()10.
The
teacher
kept
the
pupils
______
for
five
hours.A)
waitingB)
to
waitC)
to
waitingD)
waits()11.
Mr.
Green
_____
China
for
six
years.A)
has
been
inB)
has
been
toC)
has
come
toD)
has
gone
to()12.
They
could
hardly
understand
what
the
engineer
said,
______?A)
couldn't
theyB)
didn't
theyC)
could
theyD)
did
they()13.
Tell
him
_____
afraid
of
dogs.A)
not
beB)
not
to
beC)
don't
beD)
won't
be()14.
If
he
_____
here
tomorrow,
please
tell
him
when
his
uncle
_____.A)
will
come,
comesB)
comes,
comesC)
comes,
will
comeD)
will
come,will
come()15.
The
postage
on
the
parcel
_____
me
a
lot
of
money.A)
tookB)
spendC)
paidD)
cost()16.
Have
you
_____
who
took
away
your
key
?A)
foundB)
found
outC)
looked
forD)
got()17.
Paris
isn't
the
capital
of
Britain,
is
it
?
_____.A)
Yes,
it
isB)
No,
it
isn'tC)Yes,
it
isn'tD)
No,it
is()18.
The
boss
made
the
workers
_____
for
hours.A)
workB)
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