統(tǒng)計學名詞population母體sample樣本census普查sampling抽樣quantitative量的qualitative/categorical質(zhì)的discrete離散的continuous連續(xù)的populationparameters母體參數(shù)samplestatistics樣本統(tǒng)計量descriptivestatistics敘述統(tǒng)計學inferential/inductivestatistics推論/歸納統(tǒng)計學levelsofmeasurement衡量尺度nominalscale名目尺度ordinalscale順序尺度intervalscale區(qū)間尺度ratioscale比例尺度frequencydistribution次數(shù)分配relativefrequency相對次數(shù)range全距classmidpoint組中點classlimits組限classboundaries組界classwidth組距cumulativefrequency(以下)累加次數(shù)decumulativefrequency以上累加次數(shù)histogram直方圖piechart餅圖ogive肩形圖frequencypolygon多邊形圖cumulativefrequencypolygon累加次數(shù)多邊形圖boxplot盒須圖stemandleafplot枝葉圖measuresofcentraltendency中央趨勢量數(shù)mean平均數(shù)median中位數(shù)mode眾數(shù)locationmeasures位置量數(shù)percentile百分位數(shù)quartile四分位數(shù)decile十分位數(shù)dispersionmeasures分散量數(shù)range全距interquartile-rangeIQR四分位距meanabsolutedeviation平均絕對離差variance變異數(shù)standarddeviation標準差coefficientofvariation變異系數(shù)left-skewed左偏negative-skewed負偏right-skewed右偏positive-skewed正偏contingencytable列聯(lián)表samplingdistribution(ofastatistic)(某個統(tǒng)計量的)抽樣分布pointestimate點估計值pointestimator點估計式unbiasedestimator不偏點估計式efficientestimator有效點估計式consistentestimator一致點估計式confidencelevel信賴水準confidenceinterval信賴區(qū)間nullhypothesis虛無假設alternativehypothesis對立假設left-tailedtest左尾檢定right-tailed