食管癌

EsophagealCaner2010級EbolisEpidemiology

EtiologyEpidemiologyWorld-wildEstimatedage-standardisedincidenceandmortalityrates:bothsexesWorld第九位？EpidemiologyWorld-wildEstimatedage-standardisedincidenceandmortalityrates:bothsexesWorldEpidemiologyEstimatedage-standardisedincidenceandmortalityratesinChina:bothsexesChina第六位？EpidemiologyEstimatedage-standardisedincidenceandmortalityratesinChina:bothsexesChinaEpidemiologyOesophagealcanceristhe8thmostcommoncancerworldwide,withanestimated456,000newcasesin2012(3.2%ofthetotal),andthe6thmostcommoncauseofdeathfromcancerwithanestimated400,000deaths(4.9%ofthetotal).Thesefiguresincludebothadenocarcinomaandsquamouscellcarcinomasub-types.Around80%ofthecasesworldwideoccurinlessdevelopedregions.EpidemiologyOesophagealcancerincidenceratesworldwideinmenaremorethandoublethoseinwomen(male:femaleratio2.4:1).Inbothsexestherearemorethan20-folddifferencesinincidencebetweenthedifferentregionsoftheworld,withratesrangingfrom0.8per100,000inWesternAfricato17.0per100,000inEasternAsiainmen,and0.2per100,000inMicronesia/Polynesiato7.8per100,000inEasternAfricainwomen.EpidemiologyCanceroftheoesophagushasaverypoorsurvival(overallratioofmortalitytoincidenceof0.88),andtheoesophagealcancermortalitycloselyfollowsthegeographicalpatternsforincidence,withthehighestmortalityratesoccurringinEasternAsia(14.1per100,000)andSouthernAfrica(12.8)inmenandinEastern(7.3)andSouthernAfrica(6.2)inwomen.EpidemiologyEstimatedOesophagealCancerincidence/MortalityWorldwidein2012:Men我國食管癌發病率也存在地域差異。食管癌的高發省份為河北、河南、福建和重慶，其次為新疆、江蘇、山西、甘肅和安徽。食管癌在太行山脈附近的省份明顯高發，河南林州食管癌與賁門癌發病率最高，占當地全部惡性腫瘤的81.4％。EpidemiologyEtiologyRemainsunclear亞硝胺及真菌上皮增生變性；真菌分解硝酸鹽為亞硝酸鹽，發霉前50~100倍遺傳因素和基因河南林縣有家族史者占60%；食管癌患者染色體與基因變異增多；C-myc、EGFR等激活營養不良及微量元素缺乏高發區飲食調查發現食物缺乏動物蛋白質，VitB1、B2、A、C；金屬元素Cu、Mn、Fe、ZnEtiologyRemai